{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391164084","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3357831","title":"Fast Array Ground Penetrating Radar Localization by CNN-Based Optimization Method","display_name":"Fast Array Ground Penetrating Radar Localization by CNN-Based Optimization Method","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391164084","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3357831"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2024.3357831","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3357831","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10413561.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10413561.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114626539","display_name":"Changyu Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4788-9885"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Changyu Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Surveying &amp; Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4788-9885","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Surveying &amp; Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102327489","display_name":"Xu Bai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4966-3784"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1308199089","display_name":"Harbin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ey9xa07","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308199089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Industry University, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4966-3784","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Industry University, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1308199089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012873783","display_name":"Li Yi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0216-831X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0216-831X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058864098","display_name":"Munawar Shah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6552-8445"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197827452","display_name":"Institute of Space Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01tmmzv45","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197827452"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Munawar Shah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of GNSS, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6552-8445","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of GNSS, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197827452"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016303009","display_name":"Motoyuki Sato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3888-2523"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201537933","display_name":"Tohoku University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dq60k83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Motoyuki Sato","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Northeast Asian Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3888-2523","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Northeast Asian Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039348214","display_name":"Xiaohua Tong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1045-3797"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohua Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surveying and Geo-informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1045-3797","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surveying and Geo-informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5114626539"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00727755,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":"4663","last_page":"4673"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broyden\u2013fletcher\u2013goldfarb\u2013shanno-algorithm","display_name":"Broyden\u2013Fletcher\u2013Goldfarb\u2013Shanno algorithm","score":0.7758381366729736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7512089014053345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hessian-matrix","display_name":"Hessian matrix","score":0.676472544670105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/initialization","display_name":"Initialization","score":0.6426550149917603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5530147552490234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5241428017616272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.4551510810852051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.45303237438201904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.43458878993988037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.30628830194473267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16886687278747559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.09807303547859192}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132721684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2877013","display_name":"Broyden\u2013Fletcher\u2013Goldfarb\u2013Shanno algorithm","level":3,"score":0.7758381366729736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7512089014053345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203616005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620495","display_name":"Hessian matrix","level":2,"score":0.676472544670105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114466953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6034165","display_name":"Initialization","level":2,"score":0.6426550149917603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5530147552490234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5241428017616272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.4551510810852051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.45303237438201904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.43458878993988037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.30628830194473267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16886687278747559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.09807303547859192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2024.3357831","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3357831","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10413561.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a40130cd09d24f13a3f9fbe75207e346","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a40130cd09d24f13a3f9fbe75207e346","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 17, Pp 4663-4673 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2024.3357831","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3357831","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10413561.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391164084.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391164084.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2019492706","https://openalex.org/W2028823365","https://openalex.org/W2104677988","https://openalex.org/W2168096265","https://openalex.org/W2790815677","https://openalex.org/W2803130179","https://openalex.org/W2810119484","https://openalex.org/W2888094450","https://openalex.org/W2888659593","https://openalex.org/W2995214997","https://openalex.org/W3003358926","https://openalex.org/W3135112727","https://openalex.org/W4205327871","https://openalex.org/W4213084171","https://openalex.org/W4221154269","https://openalex.org/W4280551717","https://openalex.org/W4281788514","https://openalex.org/W4285253033","https://openalex.org/W4285392064","https://openalex.org/W4319878860","https://openalex.org/W4381615231","https://openalex.org/W4383988879"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1983117412","https://openalex.org/W2026245502","https://openalex.org/W4221162014","https://openalex.org/W1964096161","https://openalex.org/W3091576739","https://openalex.org/W2981801659","https://openalex.org/W2039312875","https://openalex.org/W4318192194","https://openalex.org/W2056914158","https://openalex.org/W1989752569"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"an":[3],"optimization-based":[4],"approach":[5],"to":[6,45,88,156],"overcome":[7],"redundancy":[8],"arising":[9],"from":[10],"the":[11,24,28,47,55,62,65,69,78,90,93,105,112,119,129,140],"multi-variables":[12],"enumeration":[13],"process":[14],"in":[15,149],"Multiple":[16],"Signal":[17],"Classification":[18],"(MUSIC).":[19],"By":[20],"incorporating":[21],"BFGS":[22],"optimization,":[23,79],"computational":[25],"speed":[26,154],"of":[27,142],"MUSIC":[29],"algorithm":[30],"is":[31],"significantly":[32],"improved":[33],"while":[34,49],"maintaining":[35],"mathematical":[36],"accuracy.":[37],"The":[38],"optimization":[39],"techniques":[40],"require":[41],"reasonable":[42],"initial":[43,56,75],"values":[44,57,76],"start":[46],"iteration,":[48],"for":[50,77,111,118],"single":[51],"target":[52],"imaging":[53],"purposes,":[54],"can":[58],"be":[59],"acquired":[60],"by":[61],"boundary":[63,134],"between":[64,92],"near":[66,94],"field":[67],"and":[68,95,115,137,152],"far":[70,96],"field.":[71],"To":[72],"generate":[73],"suitable":[74],"we":[80],"employ":[81],"a":[82,109],"modified":[83,130],"Convolutional":[84],"Neural":[85],"Network":[86],"(CNN)":[87],"approximate":[89],"boundaries":[91],"fields,":[97],"which":[98],"vary":[99],"with":[100],"array":[101],"system":[102],"properties.":[103],"Besides,":[104],"proposed":[106,144],"method":[107,110],"introduces":[108],"Hessian":[113],"Matrix":[114],"gradient":[116],"initialization":[117],"Broyden\u2013Fletcher\u2013Goldfarb\u2013Shanno":[120],"(BFGS)":[121],"method.":[122],"Using":[123],"simulation":[124],"results":[125],"as":[126],"training":[127],"samples,":[128],"CNN":[131],"successfully":[132],"establishes":[133],"approximations.":[135],"Simulation":[136],"experimentation":[138],"confirm":[139],"feasibility":[141],"our":[143],"method,":[145],"showing":[146],"its":[147],"advantages":[148],"both":[150],"accuracy":[151],"computation":[153],"compared":[155],"existing":[157],"techniques.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
