{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389879990","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3344210","title":"Efficient Rural Building Segmentation via a Multilevel Decoding Network","display_name":"Efficient Rural Building Segmentation via a Multilevel Decoding Network","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389879990","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3344210"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2023.3344210","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3344210","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/10330207/10365192.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/10330207/10365192.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102838794","display_name":"Bowen Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5437-5892"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bowen Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, and the School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5437-5892","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, and the School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100342716","display_name":"Dong Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6712-6631"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073032922","display_name":"Gui-Song Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7660-6090"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gui-Song Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7660-6090","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100673818","display_name":"Liangpei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6890-3650"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liangpei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6890-3650","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16559215,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":"2489","last_page":"2500"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7971848249435425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.7111048102378845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5942389965057373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.5932093262672424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.5391772985458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.5191925764083862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5007345676422119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4978189468383789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.45278048515319824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4293910562992096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4205986559391022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.14912492036819458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09238281846046448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.08959504961967468}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7971848249435425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.7111048102378845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5942389965057373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.5932093262672424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.5391772985458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5191925764083862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5007345676422119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4978189468383789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.45278048515319824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4293910562992096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4205986559391022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.14912492036819458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09238281846046448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.08959504961967468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2023.3344210","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3344210","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/10330207/10365192.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4f8cb010b0694790b2700a781830091f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4f8cb010b0694790b2700a781830091f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 17, Pp 2489-2500 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2023.3344210","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3344210","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/10330207/10365192.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.6700000166893005}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G348483345","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41820104006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329781","display_name":"Hubei University","ror":"https://ror.org/03a60m280"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389879990.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389879990.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2418543604","https://openalex.org/W2563705555","https://openalex.org/W2623331213","https://openalex.org/W2623490820","https://openalex.org/W2630837129","https://openalex.org/W2755226765","https://openalex.org/W2766666090","https://openalex.org/W2774291319","https://openalex.org/W2804199516","https://openalex.org/W2890474497","https://openalex.org/W2905332579","https://openalex.org/W2908320224","https://openalex.org/W2921449040","https://openalex.org/W2963525222","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W2971192903","https://openalex.org/W2982206001","https://openalex.org/W2996327453","https://openalex.org/W3005805566","https://openalex.org/W3022935818","https://openalex.org/W3034438741","https://openalex.org/W3083319507","https://openalex.org/W3104035745","https://openalex.org/W3168588044","https://openalex.org/W3170906437","https://openalex.org/W3188798536","https://openalex.org/W3196904463","https://openalex.org/W3200075728","https://openalex.org/W3217005392","https://openalex.org/W4205195038","https://openalex.org/W4226289601","https://openalex.org/W4280552185","https://openalex.org/W4294662183","https://openalex.org/W4309325582","https://openalex.org/W4310553620","https://openalex.org/W4319157933","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6739696289","https://openalex.org/W6766978945","https://openalex.org/W6791640568","https://openalex.org/W6799579066","https://openalex.org/W7020680850"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3135697610","https://openalex.org/W2161474341","https://openalex.org/W2085033728","https://openalex.org/W4285411112","https://openalex.org/W2171299904","https://openalex.org/W4302615923","https://openalex.org/W3203142394","https://openalex.org/W2351061015","https://openalex.org/W4220731478","https://openalex.org/W1522196789"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,102],"article":[1],"addresses":[2],"the":[3,18,38,55,59,66,87,98,107,123,127],"problem":[4],"of":[5,22,68,100,109,126],"building":[6,117],"segmentation":[7,40],"for":[8],"rural":[9,23,116],"areas":[10,36],"with":[11,119],"high-resolution":[12],"remote":[13],"sensing":[14],"images.":[15],"Due":[16],"to":[17,29,34,42,65,76,96],"irregular":[19],"spatial":[20],"distribution":[21,67],"buildings,":[24],"it":[25],"is":[26,74,94],"often":[27],"challenging":[28],"perform":[30],"pixel-wise":[31],"dense":[32],"prediction":[33],"entire":[35],"like":[37],"usual":[39],"task":[41],"extract":[43],"buildings.":[44,69,84],"Specifically,":[45],"we":[46],"present":[47],"a":[48,91],"multilevel":[49],"decoding":[50],"network":[51],"model":[52],"that":[53,82],"classifies":[54],"input":[56],"image":[57,62],"on":[58,86,113],"patch":[60],"and":[61],"levels":[63],"according":[64],"A":[70],"scene":[71,88],"head":[72],"module":[73],"used":[75],"identify":[77],"scenes":[78],"defined":[79],"as":[80],"patches":[81],"contain":[83],"Depending":[85],"classification":[89],"results,":[90],"decode":[92],"gate":[93],"taken":[95],"determine":[97],"level":[99],"prediction.":[101],"hierarchical":[103],"extraction":[104],"strategy":[105],"reduces":[106],"amount":[108],"inference":[110],"time.":[111],"Experiments":[112],"our":[114],"constructed":[115],"dataset":[118],"large-scale":[120],"images":[121],"validate":[122],"high":[124],"efficiency":[125],"proposed":[128],"method.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}