{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389722683","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3342461","title":"D<sup>2</sup>S<sup>2</sup>BoT: Dual-Dimension Spectral-Spatial Bottleneck Transformer for Hyperspectral Image Classification","display_name":"D<sup>2</sup>S<sup>2</sup>BoT: Dual-Dimension Spectral-Spatial Bottleneck Transformer for Hyperspectral Image Classification","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389722683","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3342461"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2023.3342461","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3342461","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/10330207/10360438.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/10330207/10360438.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100322293","display_name":"Lan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0243-0325"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178232147","display_name":"Guizhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wmsc916","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Power Systems Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Power Systems Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100671049","display_name":"Yang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1619-6290"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178232147","display_name":"Guizhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wmsc916","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Power Systems Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Power Systems Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044793021","display_name":"Linzi Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6160-4678"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178232147","display_name":"Guizhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wmsc916","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linzi Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Power Systems Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Power Systems Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100330952","display_name":"Jianfeng Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3546-1125"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178232147","display_name":"Guizhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wmsc916","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianfeng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Power Systems Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Power Systems Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101923344","display_name":"Zijie Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4288-4388"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178232147","display_name":"Guizhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wmsc916","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zijie Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Power Systems Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Power Systems Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109012684","display_name":"Lifeng Bian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6196-7424"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lifeng Bian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Frontier Institute of Chip and System, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Frontier Institute of Chip and System, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057602729","display_name":"Chen Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5738-9641"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178232147","display_name":"Guizhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wmsc916","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Power Systems Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China","China State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Power Systems Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"China State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100322293"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":1.099,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81230701,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":"2655","last_page":"2669"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9678000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6599262952804565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.6515462398529053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5819994807243347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5546054244041443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.4735640287399292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4477725028991699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimension","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","score":0.4121151268482208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.26174628734588623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.13758540153503418}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6599262952804565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.6515462398529053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5819994807243347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5546054244041443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.4735640287399292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4477725028991699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.4121151268482208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.26174628734588623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.13758540153503418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2023.3342461","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3342461","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/10330207/10360438.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5172e4668d1a44008cfc82952db647d0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5172e4668d1a44008cfc82952db647d0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 17, Pp 2655-2669 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2023.3342461","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3342461","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/10330207/10360438.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G37568934","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5760752404","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Projects","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8399588134","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62065003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321927","display_name":"Guizhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wmsc916"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389722683.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389722683.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1521436688","https://openalex.org/W2029316659","https://openalex.org/W2041100636","https://openalex.org/W2090424610","https://openalex.org/W2136251662","https://openalex.org/W2152057649","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2546696642","https://openalex.org/W2548791488","https://openalex.org/W2549139847","https://openalex.org/W2572303978","https://openalex.org/W2600746131","https://openalex.org/W2613575128","https://openalex.org/W2755992512","https://openalex.org/W2764276316","https://openalex.org/W2765739551","https://openalex.org/W2768673271","https://openalex.org/W2882394250","https://openalex.org/W2884001105","https://openalex.org/W2898381489","https://openalex.org/W2914331134","https://openalex.org/W2922509574","https://openalex.org/W2942170965","https://openalex.org/W2947263797","https://openalex.org/W2948157022","https://openalex.org/W2952956606","https://openalex.org/W2962770389","https://openalex.org/W2963925437","https://openalex.org/W2964137095","https://openalex.org/W2971432438","https://openalex.org/W2989373050","https://openalex.org/W3009563704","https://openalex.org/W3022140654","https://openalex.org/W3041694656","https://openalex.org/W3043181422","https://openalex.org/W3047443805","https://openalex.org/W3094502228","https://openalex.org/W3097777922","https://openalex.org/W3098388691","https://openalex.org/W3103695279","https://openalex.org/W3114720220","https://openalex.org/W3119997721","https://openalex.org/W3125860323","https://openalex.org/W3128776197","https://openalex.org/W3164816634","https://openalex.org/W3172509117","https://openalex.org/W3201461236","https://openalex.org/W3214821343","https://openalex.org/W4206454000","https://openalex.org/W4210794570","https://openalex.org/W4283760989","https://openalex.org/W4285204365","https://openalex.org/W4288257146","https://openalex.org/W4289522819","https://openalex.org/W4297094428","https://openalex.org/W4319069095","https://openalex.org/W4321484009","https://openalex.org/W4378194596","https://openalex.org/W4379984088","https://openalex.org/W4387623802","https://openalex.org/W4388157208","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6781550413","https://openalex.org/W6784333009"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2595172197","https://openalex.org/W2072166414","https://openalex.org/W2084856301","https://openalex.org/W2127970246","https://openalex.org/W2885125400","https://openalex.org/W1989889224","https://openalex.org/W3209970181","https://openalex.org/W2060875994","https://openalex.org/W4382618745","https://openalex.org/W2076134148"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hyperspectral":[0],"image":[1],"(HSI)":[2],"classification":[3,31,131,173],"has":[4,32],"become":[5],"a":[6,52,89,114,176,191],"popular":[7],"research":[8,196],"topic":[9],"in":[10,199],"recent":[11],"years,":[12],"and":[13,40,83,98,138],"transformer-based":[14],"networks":[15],"have":[16],"demonstrated":[17],"superior":[18],"performance":[19],"by":[20,68],"analyzing":[21],"global":[22,76,139],"semantic":[23],"features.":[24,45],"However,":[25],"using":[26,69],"transformers":[27,198],"for":[28,129,194],"pixel-level":[29],"HSI":[30,130,142],"two":[33,70],"limitations:":[34],"ineffective":[35],"capture":[36],"of":[37,43,78,141,150,179,202],"spatial-spectral":[38],"correlations":[39],"inadequate":[41],"exploitation":[42],"local":[44,96,136],"To":[46],"address":[47],"these":[48,110],"challenges,":[49],"we":[50,87,112,187],"propose":[51,113],"dual-dimension":[53,115],"self-attention":[54],"(D":[55,119],"<sup":[56,120,124,153,161,165],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[57,121,125,154,162,166],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[58,122,126,155,163,167],"SA)":[59],"mechanism":[60],"that":[61,94,132],"fully":[62],"exploits":[63],"HIS's":[64],"high":[65],"spectral-spatial":[66,116],"correlation":[67],"separate":[71],"branches":[72],"to":[73,103,144],"model":[74],"the":[75,81,135,151,158,200],"dependence":[77],"features":[79,97],"from":[80],"spectral":[82],"spatial":[84],"dimensions.":[85],"Additionally,":[86],"develop":[88],"multilayer":[90],"residual":[91],"convolution":[92],"module":[93],"extracts":[95],"introduces":[99],"shallow-deep":[100],"feature":[101],"interactions":[102,137],"obtain":[104],"more":[105],"discriminative":[106],"representations.":[107],"Based":[108],"on":[109,182,197],"components,":[111],"bottleneck":[117],"transformer":[118],"S":[123,164],"BoT)":[127],"framework":[128,169],"simultaneously":[133],"models":[134],"dependencies":[140],"pixels":[143],"achieve":[145],"high-precision":[146],"classification.":[147],"By":[148],"virtue":[149],"D":[152,160],"SA":[156],"mechanism,":[157],"introduced":[159],"BOT":[168],"can":[170],"produce":[171],"competitive":[172],"results":[174],"with":[175],"limited":[177],"number":[178],"training":[180],"samples":[181],"three":[183],"well-known":[184],"datasets,":[185],"which":[186],"hope":[188],"will":[189],"provide":[190],"strong":[192],"baseline":[193],"future":[195],"field":[201],"HSI.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T08:26:57.006410","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
