{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389104794","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3335299","title":"Complex Permittivity Imaging by Incorporating Synthetic Aperture Radar and Inverse Scattering Method for Stratified Ground Medium","display_name":"Complex Permittivity Imaging by Incorporating Synthetic Aperture Radar and Inverse Scattering Method for Stratified Ground Medium","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389104794","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3335299"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2023.3335299","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3335299","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10330566.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10330566.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089794397","display_name":"Yoshihiro Yamauchi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20529979","display_name":"University of Electro-Communications","ror":"https://ror.org/02x73b849","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20529979"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoshihiro Yamauchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20529979"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023006213","display_name":"Shouhei Kidera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2993-5649"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20529979","display_name":"University of Electro-Communications","ror":"https://ror.org/02x73b849","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20529979"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shouhei Kidera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2993-5649","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20529979"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":0.7363,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70839155,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":"766","last_page":"777"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10739","display_name":"Electromagnetic Scattering and Analysis","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.7897522449493408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-penetrating-radar","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","score":0.7793359756469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6344941854476929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse-scattering-problem","display_name":"Inverse scattering problem","score":0.622853696346283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permittivity","display_name":"Permittivity","score":0.6102926731109619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse-synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Inverse synthetic aperture radar","score":0.5840068459510803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse-problem","display_name":"Inverse problem","score":0.5486661791801453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave-imaging","display_name":"Microwave imaging","score":0.5191587805747986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.5157983303070068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clutter","display_name":"Clutter","score":0.5022451877593994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scattering","display_name":"Scattering","score":0.47421956062316895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inversion","display_name":"Inversion (geology)","score":0.4440481662750244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse","display_name":"Inverse","score":0.41856786608695984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.41664227843284607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3978879451751709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.3925398886203766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.35148799419403076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.2804493308067322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2673022449016571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric","display_name":"Dielectric","score":0.2611137628555298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.23645061254501343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1939176619052887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15972420573234558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave","display_name":"Microwave","score":0.11268645524978638}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.7897522449493408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71813955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503560","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","level":3,"score":0.7793359756469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6344941854476929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174558057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11639409","display_name":"Inverse scattering problem","level":3,"score":0.622853696346283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168651791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211569","display_name":"Permittivity","level":3,"score":0.6102926731109619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109094680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6060432","display_name":"Inverse synthetic aperture radar","level":4,"score":0.5840068459510803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135252773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1567213","display_name":"Inverse problem","level":2,"score":0.5486661791801453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779885931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17010029","display_name":"Microwave imaging","level":3,"score":0.5191587805747986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.5157983303070068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.5022451877593994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.47421956062316895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1893757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3653001","display_name":"Inversion (geology)","level":3,"score":0.4440481662750244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207467116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4385666","display_name":"Inverse","level":2,"score":0.41856786608695984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.41664227843284607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3978879451751709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.3925398886203766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.35148799419403076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2804493308067322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2673022449016571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133386390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184996","display_name":"Dielectric","level":2,"score":0.2611137628555298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.23645061254501343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1939176619052887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15972420573234558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.11268645524978638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109007969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749565","display_name":"Structural basin","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2023.3335299","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3335299","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10330566.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:61b9b6acc9c84a5cb2e9e419238f1a8b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/61b9b6acc9c84a5cb2e9e419238f1a8b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 17, Pp 766-777 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2023.3335299","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3335299","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10330566.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.5699999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389104794.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389104794.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1557106035","https://openalex.org/W1972054485","https://openalex.org/W1983322501","https://openalex.org/W2016693881","https://openalex.org/W2039351449","https://openalex.org/W2053439269","https://openalex.org/W2070596432","https://openalex.org/W2072598323","https://openalex.org/W2082787626","https://openalex.org/W2112625602","https://openalex.org/W2113481361","https://openalex.org/W2119810310","https://openalex.org/W2120404349","https://openalex.org/W2130734760","https://openalex.org/W2131856435","https://openalex.org/W2144559213","https://openalex.org/W2151141851","https://openalex.org/W2155460340","https://openalex.org/W2171370898","https://openalex.org/W2292677535","https://openalex.org/W2340864958","https://openalex.org/W2551170338","https://openalex.org/W2596711986","https://openalex.org/W2743348370","https://openalex.org/W2802667367","https://openalex.org/W2803307664","https://openalex.org/W2896065335","https://openalex.org/W2950927057","https://openalex.org/W2954062423","https://openalex.org/W2963157476","https://openalex.org/W2982643373","https://openalex.org/W3011005747","https://openalex.org/W3115606082","https://openalex.org/W3124694703","https://openalex.org/W3126154824","https://openalex.org/W4226126498","https://openalex.org/W4309756920","https://openalex.org/W4313412737","https://openalex.org/W4313412807","https://openalex.org/W4317469197","https://openalex.org/W4385453341","https://openalex.org/W6600925729"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2028603514","https://openalex.org/W4321640949","https://openalex.org/W2544119475","https://openalex.org/W2225718089","https://openalex.org/W1197422866","https://openalex.org/W2986516596","https://openalex.org/W1993143400","https://openalex.org/W2043052451","https://openalex.org/W2546308512","https://openalex.org/W1916368199"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,67],"introduces":[2,68],"the":[3,50,69,79,84,92,99,103],"incorporation":[4],"approach":[5,21],"with":[6],"synthetic":[7],"aperture":[8],"radar":[9,46],"(SAR)":[10],"and":[11,106],"contrast":[12],"source":[13],"inversion":[14],"(CSI)":[15],"based":[16,72,124],"non-linear":[17],"inverse":[18],"scattering":[19],"(NIS)":[20],"for":[22,26,109],"quantitative":[23],"permittivity":[24,42],"imaging":[25],"buried":[27,142],"object":[28],"under":[29],"multi-layered":[30,117],"heterogeneous":[31,110],"ground":[32,44],"media.":[33],"It":[34],"is":[35,95],"challenging":[36],"issue":[37],"to":[38,58],"retrieve":[39],"a":[40,138],"complex":[41],"from":[43,55],"penetrating":[45],"(GPR)":[47],"data,":[48],"since":[49],"NIS":[51],"problem":[52],"considerably":[53],"suffers":[54],"inaccuracy":[56],"due":[57],"severe":[59,146],"ill-posed":[60],"condition.":[61,147],"To":[62],"overcome":[63],"this":[64,66],"limitation,":[65],"SAR":[70,93],"image":[71,94],"region":[73],"of":[74,86,141],"interest":[75],"(ROI)":[76],"limitation":[77],"in":[78,145],"CSI":[80],"optimization":[81],"scheme,":[82],"where":[83,102],"number":[85],"unknowns":[87],"are":[88,119],"massively":[89],"reduced.":[90],"Furthermore,":[91],"also":[96],"upgraded":[97],"by":[98],"pre-CSI":[100],"optimization,":[101],"Green's":[104],"function":[105],"background":[107,111],"clutter":[108],"(":[112],"<italic":[113],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[114],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">e.g.</i>":[115],",":[116],"medium)":[118],"accurately":[120],"generated.":[121],"The":[122],"FDTD":[123],"numerical":[125],"tests,":[126],"assuming":[127],"GPR":[128],"observation":[129],"model,":[130],"show":[131],"that":[132],"our":[133],"proposed":[134],"scheme":[135],"effectively":[136],"reconstructs":[137],"dielectric":[139],"property":[140],"object,":[143],"even":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}