{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388756976","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3334014","title":"Segmenting Individual Trees From Terrestrial LiDAR Data Using Tree Branch Directivity","display_name":"Segmenting Individual Trees From Terrestrial LiDAR Data Using Tree Branch Directivity","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388756976","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3334014"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2023.3334014","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3334014","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10321630.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10321630.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086879290","display_name":"Zekun Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2790-8521"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zekun Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of RS and GIS, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2790-8521","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of RS and GIS, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083755109","display_name":"Yanjun Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7931-339X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158097","display_name":"Institute of Botany","ror":"https://ror.org/05hr3ch11","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210158097"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanjun Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7931-339X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210158097"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009530693","display_name":"Wenkai Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6548-7882"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenkai Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6548-7882","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100438006","display_name":"Kai Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4006-8854"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of RS and GIS, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4006-8854","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of RS and GIS, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083369463","display_name":"Hongcan Guan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0457-7395"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongcan Guan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0457-7395","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046036577","display_name":"Yu Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6042-396X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of RS and GIS, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6042-396X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of RS and GIS, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101802381","display_name":"Tianyu Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9133-7738"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158097","display_name":"Institute of Botany","ror":"https://ror.org/05hr3ch11","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210158097"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianyu Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9133-7738","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210158097"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101928605","display_name":"Guangcai Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9157-5386"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133100","display_name":"Green Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03jjj8766","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133100"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangcai Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing GreenValley Technology Company, Ltd., Beijing, China","Beijing GreenValley Technology Co., Ltd, Haidian District, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9157-5386","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing GreenValley Technology Company, Ltd., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133100"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing GreenValley Technology Co., Ltd, Haidian District, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014968449","display_name":"Qinghua Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1065-0838"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinghua Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of RS and GIS, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1065-0838","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of RS and GIS, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":1.5693,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80901754,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":"956","last_page":"969"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11880","display_name":"Forest ecology and management","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12713","display_name":"Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Studies","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.7523064017295837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.7028404474258423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6148751378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.6041934490203857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.4886782467365265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.4386539161205292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3936210572719574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.38939368724823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.389104425907135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.28879979252815247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.26728206872940063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.13047105073928833}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.7523064017295837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.7028404474258423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6148751378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.6041934490203857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.4886782467365265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.4386539161205292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3936210572719574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.38939368724823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.389104425907135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.28879979252815247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.26728206872940063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.13047105073928833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2023.3334014","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3334014","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10321630.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:09c87bb1d9354db19edbfff4f20c95dc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/09c87bb1d9354db19edbfff4f20c95dc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 17, Pp 956-969 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2023.3334014","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3334014","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10321630.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.7099999785423279,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1661711720","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42371329","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1760613177","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"31971575","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3996355804","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFF1300203","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388756976.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388756976.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963641565","https://openalex.org/W1978683887","https://openalex.org/W1982788959","https://openalex.org/W2008471360","https://openalex.org/W2030337367","https://openalex.org/W2069975764","https://openalex.org/W2119709769","https://openalex.org/W2135731652","https://openalex.org/W2152845613","https://openalex.org/W2165148193","https://openalex.org/W2174904160","https://openalex.org/W2273297058","https://openalex.org/W2280788228","https://openalex.org/W2322716129","https://openalex.org/W2546908561","https://openalex.org/W2574542620","https://openalex.org/W2604937504","https://openalex.org/W2609825692","https://openalex.org/W2611090267","https://openalex.org/W2884197231","https://openalex.org/W2895884120","https://openalex.org/W2901497416","https://openalex.org/W2948963588","https://openalex.org/W2952142982","https://openalex.org/W2970161704","https://openalex.org/W2992737141","https://openalex.org/W2993118362","https://openalex.org/W3003538947","https://openalex.org/W3015035204","https://openalex.org/W3032659302","https://openalex.org/W3034397105","https://openalex.org/W3038376523","https://openalex.org/W3044895230","https://openalex.org/W3085550141","https://openalex.org/W3088292472","https://openalex.org/W3113380481","https://openalex.org/W3122830743","https://openalex.org/W3135155846","https://openalex.org/W3205980170","https://openalex.org/W3206505436","https://openalex.org/W3207302920","https://openalex.org/W3215497122","https://openalex.org/W4206816400","https://openalex.org/W4285141051","https://openalex.org/W4312433636","https://openalex.org/W4312812896","https://openalex.org/W4313201449"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4319317934","https://openalex.org/W4406302447","https://openalex.org/W2901265155","https://openalex.org/W2956374172","https://openalex.org/W4319837668","https://openalex.org/W4293094720","https://openalex.org/W2739701376","https://openalex.org/W4399442168","https://openalex.org/W2114282491","https://openalex.org/W1522196789"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Over":[0],"the":[1,77,90,96,112,122,141,156,177,182,191,194],"last":[2],"decade,":[3],"a":[4,72],"number":[5],"of":[6,38,79,94,151,173,193],"techniques":[7],"for":[8,15,52,64,82],"individual":[9,34,83],"tree":[10,35,54,80,84],"segmentation":[11,23,36,85],"have":[12],"been":[13,30],"developed":[14,51],"terrestrial":[16],"laser":[17],"scanning":[18],"(TLS)":[19],"data.":[20],"The":[21,115],"superpoint":[22,113,124,179,195],"algorithm":[24,48],"based":[25,75,103],"on":[26,76,89,104],"point":[27,183],"cloud":[28],"has":[29],"widely":[31],"used":[32],"in":[33,130,161],"because":[37],"its":[39,60,105,108],"high":[40],"efficiency":[41],"and":[42,56,62,126,201],"numerous":[43],"geometric":[44],"features.":[45],"However,":[46],"this":[47,70],"is":[49],"generally":[50],"specific":[53],"species":[55],"forest":[57,66,136,163,202],"types,":[58],"limiting":[59],"universality":[61,192],"performance":[63,146],"different":[65,135],"types.":[67],"To":[68],"handle":[69],"problem,":[71],"new":[73],"method":[74,98,117,125,129,143,180,187,196],"topology":[78],"branches":[81],"was":[86,118],"proposed.":[87],"Focusing":[88],"general":[91],"topological":[92],"structure":[93],"trees,":[95],"proposed":[97,116,142,186],"iteratively":[99],"assigns":[100],"each":[101],"branch":[102,110],"directivity":[106],"to":[107,197],"upper":[109],"at":[111,181],"level.":[114,184],"tested":[119],"compared":[120,154,175],"with":[121,134,147,155,176],"original":[123,178],"an":[127,148,169],"ecological":[128,200],"six":[131],"sample":[132],"plots":[133],"conditions.":[137,164],"In":[138],"such":[139],"plots,":[140],"achieved":[144],"anticipated":[145],"average":[149,171],"accuracy":[150,172],"40%":[152],"improvements":[153],"other":[157],"two":[158],"methods,":[159],"especially":[160],"complicated":[162],"Experimental":[165],"results":[166],"also":[167],"showed":[168],"improved":[170],"70%":[174],"This":[185],"can":[188],"effectively":[189],"expand":[190],"further":[198],"advance":[199],"research.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-25T15:57:00.446498","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}