{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387885745","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3326960","title":"CTMU-Net: An Improved U-Net for Semantic Segmentation of Remote-Sensing Images Based on the Combined Attention Mechanism","display_name":"CTMU-Net: An Improved U-Net for Semantic Segmentation of Remote-Sensing Images Based on the Combined Attention Mechanism","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387885745","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3326960"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2023.3326960","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3326960","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10292866.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10292866.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102837421","display_name":"Yuanjun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4067-5868"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096899","display_name":"Jiangsu University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00tyjp878","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuanjun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Marine, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China","Ocean College, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4067-5868","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Marine, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ocean College, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101442875","display_name":"Zhiyu Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4097-9172"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096899","display_name":"Jiangsu University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00tyjp878","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyu Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Automation Academy, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4097-9172","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Automation Academy, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002616371","display_name":"Y. G. Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7742-6605"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096899","display_name":"Jiangsu University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00tyjp878","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanjiang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Marine, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China","Ocean College, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7742-6605","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Marine, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ocean College, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100687480","display_name":"Jinglin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1618-8493"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15823474","display_name":"Linyi University","ror":"https://ror.org/01knv0402","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15823474"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinglin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China","Shandong Research Institute of Industrial Technology, Jinan, China","Department of Information Science and Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1618-8493","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Research Institute of Industrial Technology, Jinan, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Science and Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15823474"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5257-982X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096899","display_name":"Jiangsu University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00tyjp878","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ocean College, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5257-982X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ocean College, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030261498","display_name":"Shuyao Shang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5857-5208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuyao Shang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechatronics and Information Engineering, Shandong University, Weihai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5857-5208","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechatronics and Information Engineering, Shandong University, Weihai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101821676","display_name":"Dewen Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5892-2299"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096899","display_name":"Jiangsu University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00tyjp878","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dewen Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ocean College, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5892-2299","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ocean College, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102837421"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":1.6147,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86127333,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":null,"first_page":"10148","last_page":"10161"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/net","display_name":"Net (polyhedron)","score":0.7056463956832886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6845526099205017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6367263793945312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanism","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","score":0.598259687423706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.5610191822052002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5340090990066528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.422676146030426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1329297125339508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.060138702392578125}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14166107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q253829","display_name":"Net (polyhedron)","level":2,"score":0.7056463956832886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6845526099205017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6367263793945312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.598259687423706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.5610191822052002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5340090990066528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.422676146030426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1329297125339508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.060138702392578125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2023.3326960","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3326960","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10292866.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7739f4af074f4023b4061bf9e3020dd2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7739f4af074f4023b4061bf9e3020dd2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Pp 10148-10161 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2023.3326960","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3326960","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10292866.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5884017587","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BE2021093","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7504520257","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFB4500602","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321605","display_name":"Government of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/004svx814"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387885745.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387885745.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1937812750","https://openalex.org/W2102673432","https://openalex.org/W2118246710","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2480078828","https://openalex.org/W2560023338","https://openalex.org/W2623331213","https://openalex.org/W2630837129","https://openalex.org/W2751277188","https://openalex.org/W2760340275","https://openalex.org/W2787091153","https://openalex.org/W2807974043","https://openalex.org/W2883105896","https://openalex.org/W2913527107","https://openalex.org/W2950516690","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W2987852271","https://openalex.org/W2998108143","https://openalex.org/W3130455691","https://openalex.org/W3171516518","https://openalex.org/W3176270344","https://openalex.org/W3194371117","https://openalex.org/W3194477261","https://openalex.org/W3201461236","https://openalex.org/W3208601209","https://openalex.org/W4205138939","https://openalex.org/W4214532801","https://openalex.org/W4283760989","https://openalex.org/W4288061889","https://openalex.org/W4289752563","https://openalex.org/W4317033419","https://openalex.org/W4321379559","https://openalex.org/W4321484009","https://openalex.org/W4388443637","https://openalex.org/W6640295612","https://openalex.org/W6739696289","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6772853553"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2382997850","https://openalex.org/W2390968135","https://openalex.org/W2912321008","https://openalex.org/W1998607122","https://openalex.org/W2382213751","https://openalex.org/W2351750670","https://openalex.org/W1597848696","https://openalex.org/W2354715126","https://openalex.org/W2388563748","https://openalex.org/W1522196789"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,22,25,37,44,53,60,68,74,90,94,98,114,119,122,127,142,149,154,163,166,172,186,189,197,201,209],"development":[2],"of":[3,39,56,70,113,171,188],"remote-sensing":[4,19,57],"technology,":[5],"it":[6],"is":[7,64,86],"important":[8],"to":[9,14,66,101,109,133,140],"use":[10,112],"semantic":[11,54,159],"segmentation":[12,55,160],"methods":[13],"obtain":[15,102],"detailed":[16],"information":[17,116],"in":[18,24,73,107,136],"images.":[20,58],"However,":[21],"objects":[23],"images":[26],"reveal":[27],"significant":[28],"intra-class":[29],"differences":[30],"and":[31,93,126,152,169,178,200],"slight":[32],"inter-class":[33],"differences,":[34],"thus":[35],"affecting":[36],"acquisition":[38],"terrain":[40],"information.":[41],"To":[42,184],"tackle":[43],"problems,":[45],"this":[46],"paper":[47],"proposes":[48],"an":[49,213],"improved":[50],"U-Net":[51],"for":[52],"Firstly,":[59],"local":[61,91],"importance-based":[62],"pooling":[63],"introduced":[65],"alleviate":[67],"loss":[69],"feature":[71,115],"details":[72],"coding":[75,120],"part.":[76],"Secondly,":[77],"a":[78,83],"combined":[79,123],"attention":[80,124,129],"module":[81,125,130],"with":[82,157],"double-branch":[84],"structure":[85],"designed,":[87],"which":[88],"models":[89],"relationship":[92,96],"global":[95],"at":[97],"same":[99],"time":[100],"more":[103],"typical":[104],"features.":[105],"Finally,":[106],"order":[108,139],"make":[110],"full":[111],"extracted":[117],"from":[118],"part,":[121],"channel":[128],"are":[131,194],"added":[132],"different":[134],"positions":[135],"U-Net.":[137],"In":[138],"validate":[141],"proposed":[143,173,190,210],"method,":[144,191],"we":[145],"conduct":[146],"experiments":[147,193],"on":[148],"WHDLD":[150,164],"dataset":[151,199],"compare":[153],"experimental":[155],"results":[156,206],"other":[158],"methods.":[161],"On":[162],"dataset,":[165],"MPA,":[167],"MIOU,":[168],"FWIOU":[170],"method":[174,211],"reach":[175],"76%,":[176],"64.11%,":[177],"75.64%,":[179],"respectively,":[180],"revealing":[181],"its":[182],"priority.":[183],"demonstrate":[185],"generalization":[187,192,215],"conducted":[195],"via":[196],"LandCover.ai":[198],"Massachusetts-building":[202],"dataset.":[203],"The":[204],"simulation":[205],"testify":[207],"that":[208],"provides":[212],"excellent":[214],"ability.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-05-07T13:39:58.223016","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}