{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387831659","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3326228","title":"Topographic Effects on Optical Remote Sensing: Simulations by PLC Model","display_name":"Topographic Effects on Optical Remote Sensing: Simulations by PLC Model","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387831659","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3326228"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2023.3326228","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3326228","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10288406.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10288406.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039942711","display_name":"Rui Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7991-4926"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rui Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7991-4926","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005934331","display_name":"Gaofei Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9828-7139"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaofei Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9828-7139","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027682300","display_name":"Baodong Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2068-8610"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204823248","display_name":"Huazhong Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/023b72294","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204823248"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baodong Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Macro Agriculture Research Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2068-8610","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Macro Agriculture Research Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204823248"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101656253","display_name":"Guoxiang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2799-1145"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guoxiang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University and the State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Spatial Information Technology for High-Speed Railway Safety, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2799-1145","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University and the State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Spatial Information Technology for High-Speed Railway Safety, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039942711"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":2.3813,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88229136,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":null,"first_page":"9977","last_page":"9988"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10895","display_name":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2302","display_name":"Ecological Modeling"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.8574643731117249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.7430807948112488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-area-index","display_name":"Leaf area index","score":0.6851429343223572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrain","display_name":"Terrain","score":0.6426537036895752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","score":0.6288179755210876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalized-difference-vegetation-index","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","score":0.5754528641700745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5670686960220337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zenith","display_name":"Zenith","score":0.4713786542415619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.41435351967811584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2955578565597534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.14964395761489868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.07983103394508362}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.8574643731117249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.7430807948112488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25989453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446746","display_name":"Leaf area index","level":2,"score":0.6851429343223572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.6426537036895752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.6288179755210876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1549246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718775","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","level":3,"score":0.5754528641700745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5670686960220337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53970728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82806","display_name":"Zenith","level":2,"score":0.4713786542415619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.41435351967811584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2955578565597534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.14964395761489868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.07983103394508362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2023.3326228","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3326228","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10288406.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6d6c55cc0cb341648f765356f936c5be","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6d6c55cc0cb341648f765356f936c5be","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Pp 9977-9988 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2023.3326228","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3326228","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10288406.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.49000000953674316,"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5266910508","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42271323","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7673865479","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41971282","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387831659.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387831659.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":73,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1531146290","https://openalex.org/W1685317713","https://openalex.org/W1964217023","https://openalex.org/W1991015493","https://openalex.org/W1995446787","https://openalex.org/W1996075252","https://openalex.org/W2000102737","https://openalex.org/W2010358643","https://openalex.org/W2012686349","https://openalex.org/W2020633565","https://openalex.org/W2024577666","https://openalex.org/W2025967407","https://openalex.org/W2028584895","https://openalex.org/W2030233869","https://openalex.org/W2039810213","https://openalex.org/W2045181013","https://openalex.org/W2046339565","https://openalex.org/W2051128904","https://openalex.org/W2052700773","https://openalex.org/W2059523177","https://openalex.org/W2063623478","https://openalex.org/W2087552587","https://openalex.org/W2088094521","https://openalex.org/W2089441588","https://openalex.org/W2092197994","https://openalex.org/W2094420085","https://openalex.org/W2094677081","https://openalex.org/W2097492507","https://openalex.org/W2100177426","https://openalex.org/W2113410727","https://openalex.org/W2115539456","https://openalex.org/W2116396948","https://openalex.org/W2117596718","https://openalex.org/W2128805257","https://openalex.org/W2137336591","https://openalex.org/W2139925058","https://openalex.org/W2141815566","https://openalex.org/W2149813070","https://openalex.org/W2155906534","https://openalex.org/W2159339462","https://openalex.org/W2167787089","https://openalex.org/W2185340035","https://openalex.org/W2289115443","https://openalex.org/W2400959036","https://openalex.org/W2409618982","https://openalex.org/W2417942706","https://openalex.org/W2476304005","https://openalex.org/W2603028033","https://openalex.org/W2613065510","https://openalex.org/W2727334130","https://openalex.org/W2793366784","https://openalex.org/W2808903498","https://openalex.org/W2891044352","https://openalex.org/W2903772126","https://openalex.org/W2941740761","https://openalex.org/W2943316090","https://openalex.org/W2950734190","https://openalex.org/W2952784325","https://openalex.org/W2973186679","https://openalex.org/W2989983865","https://openalex.org/W2992820108","https://openalex.org/W3003265362","https://openalex.org/W3006380226","https://openalex.org/W3020753057","https://openalex.org/W3022812193","https://openalex.org/W3042841204","https://openalex.org/W3130461578","https://openalex.org/W4210822373","https://openalex.org/W4286299948","https://openalex.org/W4310059955","https://openalex.org/W4313443393","https://openalex.org/W6636950212","https://openalex.org/W6686213301"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2072166414","https://openalex.org/W3209970181","https://openalex.org/W2060875994","https://openalex.org/W2000020747","https://openalex.org/W3034375524","https://openalex.org/W4230131218","https://openalex.org/W2404757046","https://openalex.org/W1990218305","https://openalex.org/W4312858480","https://openalex.org/W1983377997"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Optical":[0],"remote":[1,58,71,221],"sensing":[2,59,72,222],"offers":[3],"a":[4,82],"convenient":[5],"method":[6],"to":[7,19,91,112,188],"monitor":[8],"changes":[9],"in":[10,81,159],"mountain":[11],"vegetation":[12,122,167,172],"at":[13],"regional":[14],"and":[15,23,40,125,139,149,170,177,191],"global":[16],"scales,":[17],"thanks":[18],"its":[20],"synoptic":[21],"coverage":[22],"frequent":[24],"temporal":[25],"sampling":[26],"capabilities":[27],"provided":[28],"by":[29,76,142],"satellite":[30],"observations.":[31,98],"However,":[32,63],"local":[33],"topography":[34,181],"substantially":[35],"affects":[36],"remotely":[37],"sensed":[38],"observations":[39],"subsequently":[41],"impacts":[42],"the":[43,55,64,77,93,115,136,161],"accuracy":[44],"of":[45,57,66,79,202,216],"biophysical":[46],"parameter":[47],"retrieval":[48,185,204],"(e.g.,":[49],"leaf":[50],"area":[51],"index":[52,168,173],"(LAI)),":[53],"hindering":[54],"application":[56],"over":[60,223],"mountainous":[61,224],"areas.":[62],"quantification":[65],"topographic":[67,94,116,132,153,162,217],"effects":[68,95,117,133,154,163,182,218],"based":[69],"on":[70,96,118,155,164,183,219],"imagery":[73],"are":[74],"limited":[75],"variability":[78],"conditions":[80],"study":[83,101,212],"area.":[84],"Additionally,":[85],"it":[86],"is":[87],"also":[88],"not":[89],"conducive":[90],"investigating":[92],"hyperspectral":[97,119,220],"Therefore,":[99],"this":[100],"employed":[102],"computer":[103],"simulation":[104],"model,":[105,111],"i.e.,":[106],"path":[107],"length":[108],"correction":[109],"(PLC)":[110],"controllably":[113],"simulate":[114],"reflectance,":[120],"12":[121],"indices":[123],"(VIs)":[124],"LAI":[126,184,203],"retrieval.":[127],"The":[128,152,180,199],"results":[129],"showed":[130],"that":[131],"varied":[134],"with":[135],"spectral":[137],"band":[138],"were":[140,175,186],"modulated":[141],"various":[143],"factors":[144],"such":[145],"as":[146],"slope,":[147],"aspect,":[148],"sun":[150],"position.":[151],"VIs":[156],"exhibited":[157],"divergence,":[158],"which":[160],"normalized":[165],"difference":[166,171],"(NDVI)":[169],"(DVI)":[174],"smallest":[176],"largest,":[178],"respectively.":[179],"related":[187],"terrain":[189],"configuration":[190],"canopy":[192],"density":[193],"under":[194,208],"specific":[195],"solar":[196],"zenith":[197],"angle.":[198],"relative":[200],"error":[201],"could":[205],"exceed":[206],"100%":[207],"extreme":[209],"conditions.":[210],"This":[211],"will":[213],"facilitate":[214],"understanding":[215],"regions.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}