{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386524757","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3312815","title":"Deep Learning-Based Plant Organ Segmentation and Phenotyping of Sorghum Plants Using LiDAR Point Cloud","display_name":"Deep Learning-Based Plant Organ Segmentation and Phenotyping of Sorghum Plants Using LiDAR Point Cloud","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386524757","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3312815"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2023.3312815","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3312815","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10243159.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10243159.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014229112","display_name":"Ajay Kumar Patel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1938-3318"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196345858","display_name":"Chungnam National University","ror":"https://ror.org/0227as991","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196345858"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ajay Kumar Patel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Smart Agricultural Systems, College of Agricultural and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1938-3318","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Smart Agricultural Systems, College of Agricultural and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196345858"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029417839","display_name":"Eun-Sung Park","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196345858","display_name":"Chungnam National University","ror":"https://ror.org/0227as991","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196345858"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eun-Sung Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Smart Agricultural Systems, College of Agricultural and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6826-2865","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Smart Agricultural Systems, College of Agricultural and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196345858"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101833141","display_name":"Hongseok Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0571-0522"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800443534","display_name":"Rural Development Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/03xs9yg50","country_code":"KR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800443534","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210090853"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongseok Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0571-0522","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800443534"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025140126","display_name":"G. G. Lakshmi Priya","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196345858","display_name":"Chungnam National University","ror":"https://ror.org/0227as991","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196345858"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. G. Lakshmi Priya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, College of Agricultural and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5322-1518","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, College of Agricultural and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196345858"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000711868","display_name":"Hangi Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2985-5446"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196345858","display_name":"Chungnam National University","ror":"https://ror.org/0227as991","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196345858"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hangi Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Smart Agricultural Systems, College of Agricultural and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2985-5446","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Smart Agricultural Systems, College of Agricultural and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196345858"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102020413","display_name":"Rahul Joshi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5834-2893"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196345858","display_name":"Chungnam National University","ror":"https://ror.org/0227as991","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196345858"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rahul Joshi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, College of Agricultural and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5834-2893","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, College of Agricultural and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196345858"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042780312","display_name":"Muhammad Akbar Andi Arief","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7457-4859"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196345858","display_name":"Chungnam National University","ror":"https://ror.org/0227as991","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196345858"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Akbar Andi Arief","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Smart Agricultural Systems, College of Agricultural and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7457-4859","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Smart Agricultural Systems, College of Agricultural and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196345858"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048177489","display_name":"Moon S. Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8504-9839"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1312222531","display_name":"Agricultural Research Service","ror":"https://ror.org/02d2m2044","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1336096307","display_name":"United States Department of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/01na82s61","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moon S. Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8504-9839","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I1312222531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079453190","display_name":"Insuck Baek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1044-349X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1312222531","display_name":"Agricultural Research Service","ror":"https://ror.org/02d2m2044","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1336096307","display_name":"United States Department of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/01na82s61","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Insuck Baek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1044-349X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I1312222531"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034671201","display_name":"Byoung\u2013Kwan Cho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8397-9853"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196345858","display_name":"Chungnam National University","ror":"https://ror.org/0227as991","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196345858"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Byoung-Kwan Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Smart Agricultural Systems, College of Agricultural and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea","Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, College of Agricultural and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8397-9853","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Smart Agricultural Systems, College of Agricultural and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196345858"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, College of Agricultural and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196345858"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":5.7946,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":51,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97124626,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":null,"first_page":"8492","last_page":"8507"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9728999733924866,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.7696866989135742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sorghum","display_name":"Sorghum","score":0.7381612062454224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6042853593826294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.579514741897583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5727857947349548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.46911314129829407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.46393635869026184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/panicle","display_name":"Panicle","score":0.42878806591033936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.4158444404602051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agronomy","display_name":"Agronomy","score":0.3592333197593689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.2843436598777771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.2717587351799011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.11568823456764221}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.7696866989135742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778157034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12111","display_name":"Sorghum","level":2,"score":0.7381612062454224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6042853593826294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.579514741897583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5727857947349548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.46911314129829407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46393635869026184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75337361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148600","display_name":"Panicle","level":2,"score":0.42878806591033936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4158444404602051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.3592333197593689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2843436598777771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.2717587351799011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11568823456764221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2023.3312815","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3312815","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10243159.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b4e26e31fe5847818bf725f367e16bc3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b4e26e31fe5847818bf725f367e16bc3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Pp 8492-8507 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2023.3312815","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3312815","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10243159.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1307679533","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PJ0156892021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322035","funder_display_name":"Rural Development Administration"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322035","display_name":"Rural Development Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/03xs9yg50"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386524757.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386524757.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":96,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1584308190","https://openalex.org/W1914949904","https://openalex.org/W1990562571","https://openalex.org/W1995494326","https://openalex.org/W1998686312","https://openalex.org/W2022414935","https://openalex.org/W2030939714","https://openalex.org/W2046255986","https://openalex.org/W2050614632","https://openalex.org/W2059480495","https://openalex.org/W2076084427","https://openalex.org/W2077411190","https://openalex.org/W2084925037","https://openalex.org/W2103959917","https://openalex.org/W2138796667","https://openalex.org/W2140427427","https://openalex.org/W2157150618","https://openalex.org/W2160155345","https://openalex.org/W2185489349","https://openalex.org/W2188563027","https://openalex.org/W2256706922","https://openalex.org/W2320875249","https://openalex.org/W2426271458","https://openalex.org/W2510634777","https://openalex.org/W2560609797","https://openalex.org/W2625545923","https://openalex.org/W2760986250","https://openalex.org/W2763198744","https://openalex.org/W2768558813","https://openalex.org/W2769416190","https://openalex.org/W2792783324","https://openalex.org/W2797338994","https://openalex.org/W2805916667","https://openalex.org/W2810627817","https://openalex.org/W2830901248","https://openalex.org/W2891682150","https://openalex.org/W2903889209","https://openalex.org/W2908484951","https://openalex.org/W2913727077","https://openalex.org/W2922375776","https://openalex.org/W2939442134","https://openalex.org/W2944233871","https://openalex.org/W2944419408","https://openalex.org/W2946501452","https://openalex.org/W2948301682","https://openalex.org/W2955472583","https://openalex.org/W2963121255","https://openalex.org/W2964287254","https://openalex.org/W2969597999","https://openalex.org/W2972015107","https://openalex.org/W2974503353","https://openalex.org/W2976081675","https://openalex.org/W2979646061","https://openalex.org/W2979750740","https://openalex.org/W2994639114","https://openalex.org/W3012306896","https://openalex.org/W3012959561","https://openalex.org/W3015774841","https://openalex.org/W3015908164","https://openalex.org/W3020248043","https://openalex.org/W3047532279","https://openalex.org/W3103099862","https://openalex.org/W3105297345","https://openalex.org/W3110822070","https://openalex.org/W3113125552","https://openalex.org/W3116010023","https://openalex.org/W3118250323","https://openalex.org/W3134390481","https://openalex.org/W3157685993","https://openalex.org/W3178703469","https://openalex.org/W3182693701","https://openalex.org/W3192543836","https://openalex.org/W3202579864","https://openalex.org/W3207918178","https://openalex.org/W4200188864","https://openalex.org/W4206114943","https://openalex.org/W4206268807","https://openalex.org/W4206706117","https://openalex.org/W4220700539","https://openalex.org/W4221070984","https://openalex.org/W4236508492","https://openalex.org/W4246965267","https://openalex.org/W4281382677","https://openalex.org/W4285082196","https://openalex.org/W4295813841","https://openalex.org/W4310153810","https://openalex.org/W4313411609","https://openalex.org/W4318707285","https://openalex.org/W4322500381","https://openalex.org/W4322761651","https://openalex.org/W4323662520","https://openalex.org/W4361296851","https://openalex.org/W4379056476","https://openalex.org/W4381786131","https://openalex.org/W4385482925","https://openalex.org/W6739778489"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2580715149","https://openalex.org/W3211066430","https://openalex.org/W2058245120","https://openalex.org/W4319317934","https://openalex.org/W2362734935","https://openalex.org/W2362505604","https://openalex.org/W2394255463","https://openalex.org/W2901265155","https://openalex.org/W4293094720","https://openalex.org/W2739701376"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Increasing":[0],"food":[1],"demands,":[2],"global":[3],"climatic":[4],"variations,":[5],"and":[6,33,49,66,102,164,196,209,226,249],"population":[7],"growth":[8,12],"have":[9,238],"spurred":[10],"the":[11,21,59,77,108,112,123,147,153,158,166,179,202,206,210,243],"of":[13,23,28,56,61,80,111,114,152,174,178,205,213],"crop":[14,44],"yield":[15],"driven":[16],"by":[17],"plant":[18,32,40,185,187,190,245],"phenotyping":[19,27],"in":[20,38],"age":[22],"big":[24],"data.":[25],"High-throughput":[26],"sorghum":[29,81,115,154,244],"at":[30,134],"each":[31],"organ":[34],"level":[35],"is":[36],"vital":[37],"molecular":[39],"breeding":[41],"to":[42,71,241],"increase":[43],"yield.":[45],"LiDAR":[46,84,234],"(light":[47],"detection":[48],"ranging)":[50],"sensor":[51],"provides":[52],"3D":[53,85,92,235],"point":[54,86,93,236],"clouds":[55],"plants":[57,82,127],"with":[58,170],"advantages":[60],"high":[62,64],"precision,":[63],"resolution,":[65],"rapid":[67],"measurement.":[68],"However,":[69],"need":[70],"develop":[72],"robust":[73],"algorithms":[74],"for":[75,107],"extracting":[76],"phenotypic":[78,118,140,150,181],"traits":[79,119,141,151,247],"using":[83,122,251],"cloud.":[87],"This":[88],"study":[89],"utilized":[90],"four":[91],"cloud-based":[94],"deep":[95,161,252],"learning":[96,162,253],"models":[97,163],"named":[98],"PointNet,":[99],"PointNet++,":[100],"PointCNN,":[101],"dynamic":[103],"graph":[104],"CNN":[105],"(DGCNN)":[106],"specific":[109],"objective":[110],"segmentation":[113,124,168,203],"plants.":[116],"Subsequently,":[117],"were":[120,129,199,220],"extracted":[121,139],"results.":[125],"Study":[126],"sample":[128],"grown":[130],"under":[131],"controlled":[132],"conditions":[133],"various":[135],"developmental":[136],"stages.":[137],"The":[138,176,229],"outcome":[142],"has":[143],"been":[144],"validated":[145],"through":[146],"manually":[148],"measured":[149,211],"plant.":[155],"PointNet++":[156,207],"outperformed":[157],"other":[159],"three":[160],"provided":[165],"best":[167],"result":[169],"a":[171],"mean":[172],"accuracy":[173],"91.5%.":[175],"correlations":[177],"six":[180],"traits,":[182],"such":[183],"as":[184],"height,":[186],"crown":[188],"diameter,":[189,193],"compactness,":[191],"stem":[192],"panicle":[194,197],"length,":[195],"width":[198],"calculated":[200],"from":[201],"results":[204,231],"model":[208],"coefficient":[212],"determination":[214],"(R":[215],"<sup":[216],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[217],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[218],")":[219],"0.97,":[221],"0.96,":[222],"0.94,":[223],"0.90,":[224],"0.95,":[225],"0.88,":[227],"respectively.":[228],"obtained":[230],"showed":[232],"that":[233],"cloud":[237],"good":[239],"potential":[240],"measure":[242],"phenotype":[246],"rapidly":[248],"accurately":[250],"techniques.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}