{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4384789473","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3296505","title":"An Adaptive Multiscale Gaussian Co-Occurrence Filtering Decomposition Method for Multispectral and SAR Image Fusion","display_name":"An Adaptive Multiscale Gaussian Co-Occurrence Filtering Decomposition Method for Multispectral and SAR Image Fusion","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4384789473","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3296505"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2023.3296505","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3296505","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10185441.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10185441.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021476252","display_name":"Xunqiang Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6700-2241"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I211433327","display_name":"Ministry of Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxqx159","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119674","display_name":"East China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/027385r44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119674"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148145","display_name":"Jiangxi Academy of Environmental Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05kfmjk33","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148145"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xunqiang Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Monitoring and Improving around Poyang Lake of Ministry of Natural Resources, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, China","State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping, and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","Jiangxi Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences and Planning, Nanchang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6700-2241","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Monitoring and Improving around Poyang Lake of Ministry of Natural Resources, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119674","https://openalex.org/I211433327"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping, and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangxi Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences and Planning, Nanchang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017180988","display_name":"Zhaoyang Hou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9894-4795"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I211433327","display_name":"Ministry of Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxqx159","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119674","display_name":"East China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/027385r44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119674"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaoyang Hou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Monitoring and Improving around Poyang Lake of Ministry of Natural Resources, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9894-4795","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Monitoring and Improving around Poyang Lake of Ministry of Natural Resources, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119674","https://openalex.org/I211433327"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030713988","display_name":"Ailong Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3692-6473"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ailong Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping, and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3692-6473","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping, and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100754351","display_name":"Yanfei Zhong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-5850"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanfei Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping, and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-5850","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping, and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100437809","display_name":"Meng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2188-8195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148145","display_name":"Jiangxi Academy of Environmental Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05kfmjk33","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148145"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangxi Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences and Planning, Nanchang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangxi Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences and Planning, Nanchang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148145"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046509376","display_name":"Kaiyun Lv","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I211433327","display_name":"Ministry of Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxqx159","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119674","display_name":"East China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/027385r44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119674"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaiyun Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Monitoring and Improving around Poyang Lake of Ministry of Natural Resources, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Monitoring and Improving around Poyang Lake of Ministry of Natural Resources, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119674","https://openalex.org/I211433327"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":4.1607,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94680617,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":null,"first_page":"8215","last_page":"8229"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9815000295639038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multispectral-image","display_name":"Multispectral image","score":0.8527693748474121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6424263119697571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-fusion","display_name":"Image fusion","score":0.630591869354248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6058912873268127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5196793675422668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.5143457651138306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.486388236284256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion-rules","display_name":"Fusion rules","score":0.4416525661945343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speckle-noise","display_name":"Speckle noise","score":0.4333687424659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.42367318272590637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.41763585805892944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speckle-pattern","display_name":"Speckle pattern","score":0.4015922546386719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.37315258383750916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.23449227213859558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.09856486320495605}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173163844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761440","display_name":"Multispectral image","level":2,"score":0.8527693748474121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6424263119697571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69744172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860822","display_name":"Image fusion","level":3,"score":0.630591869354248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6058912873268127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5196793675422668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.5143457651138306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.486388236284256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778971668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5510284","display_name":"Fusion rules","level":4,"score":0.4416525661945343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180940675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575045","display_name":"Speckle noise","level":3,"score":0.4333687424659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.42367318272590637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.41763585805892944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102290492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575045","display_name":"Speckle pattern","level":2,"score":0.4015922546386719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.37315258383750916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.23449227213859558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.09856486320495605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2023.3296505","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3296505","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10185441.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7c3e747cf4d64b19b1dcfaf282d20ee8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7c3e747cf4d64b19b1dcfaf282d20ee8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Pp 8215-8229 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2023.3296505","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3296505","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10185441.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6399999856948853,"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4457495975","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42101457","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4384789473.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4384789473.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W811864384","https://openalex.org/W1980382026","https://openalex.org/W2146353910","https://openalex.org/W2179019672","https://openalex.org/W2243933544","https://openalex.org/W2261059368","https://openalex.org/W2266694576","https://openalex.org/W2303172903","https://openalex.org/W2559870345","https://openalex.org/W2589745805","https://openalex.org/W2604146181","https://openalex.org/W2648242067","https://openalex.org/W2740976805","https://openalex.org/W2767512561","https://openalex.org/W2790212360","https://openalex.org/W2792365373","https://openalex.org/W2793927960","https://openalex.org/W2808591023","https://openalex.org/W2936775474","https://openalex.org/W2941696098","https://openalex.org/W2964194231","https://openalex.org/W2999000103","https://openalex.org/W3014372673","https://openalex.org/W3033635470","https://openalex.org/W3040592542","https://openalex.org/W3044492802","https://openalex.org/W3082927027","https://openalex.org/W3087408134","https://openalex.org/W3088162569","https://openalex.org/W3088540525","https://openalex.org/W3107669251","https://openalex.org/W3111303873","https://openalex.org/W3119497001","https://openalex.org/W3121121992","https://openalex.org/W3126442124","https://openalex.org/W3131111098","https://openalex.org/W3137206588","https://openalex.org/W3155490439","https://openalex.org/W3162209674","https://openalex.org/W3205542311","https://openalex.org/W3205571853","https://openalex.org/W3213749391","https://openalex.org/W4205827990","https://openalex.org/W4206713196","https://openalex.org/W4210385745","https://openalex.org/W4214589454","https://openalex.org/W4220893768","https://openalex.org/W4283784434","https://openalex.org/W4294167286","https://openalex.org/W4294663621","https://openalex.org/W4295832403","https://openalex.org/W6794213104","https://openalex.org/W6795426856"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2065648684","https://openalex.org/W2113052720","https://openalex.org/W2799624451","https://openalex.org/W2009383287","https://openalex.org/W2042914788","https://openalex.org/W2182190754","https://openalex.org/W4321264664","https://openalex.org/W2055824452","https://openalex.org/W2121688719","https://openalex.org/W2016481886"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spectral":[0],"information":[1,4,19,34,146,175,188],"and":[2,14,25,37,54,72,122,137,159,176,189,233,257,286,298,312,316],"backscatter":[3],"are":[5,20,113,126,228,238,293],"both":[6],"exclusively":[7],"important":[8],"bases":[9],"for":[10,209],"land":[11,43,84,290],"cover":[12,44,85,291],"classification,":[13],"these":[15],"two":[16],"kinds":[17],"of":[18,32,35,52,75,83,171,212,236,289,304,322],"found":[21],"in":[22,110,272,309,327],"multispectral":[23,36,53,307,325],"images":[24,39,56],"SAR":[26,38,55],"images,":[27],"respectively.":[28],"Therefore,":[29],"the":[30,48,129,141,153,169,181,199,216,222,225,265,270,305,323],"fusion":[31,50,76,92,211,237,249],"complementary":[33],"can":[40,193],"effectively":[41,194],"improve":[42],"classification":[45,292],"accuracy.":[46],"However,":[47],"existing":[49],"methods":[51],"generally":[57,268],"have":[58],"some":[59],"problems,":[60],"such":[61],"as":[62,246],"insensitivity":[63],"to":[64,80,116,128,132,167,206,221,247],"edge":[65,145,174],"information,":[66,173,191,244],"serious":[67],"interference":[68,138],"by":[69,295,313],"speckle":[70,135],"noise,":[71],"unreasonable":[73],"settings":[74],"rules,":[77],"which":[78],"lead":[79],"unsatisfactory":[81],"results":[82,227,262],"classification.":[86],"To":[87],"solve":[88],"this":[89],"issue,":[90],"a":[91],"method":[93,183,267],"based":[94,240],"on":[95,241],"adaptive":[96,114,123,160],"multiscale":[97],"Gaussian":[98,107,120,156],"co-occurrence":[99,111,124,161],"filtering":[100,121,125],"decomposition":[101,170,182,203,223,226],"is":[102,164,204],"proposed.":[103],"Firstly,":[104],"parameters":[105],"controlling":[106],"distribution":[108],"scale":[109],"filter":[112],"according":[115,220],"pixel":[117,259],"intensity":[118],"skewness.":[119],"applied":[127],"original":[130,154,306,324],"image":[131,158,163,202,213,250,308,326],"smooth":[133],"out":[134,166],"noise":[136,253],"edges":[139],"within":[140],"textures":[142],"while":[143],"preserving":[144],"between":[147,198],"textures.":[148],"Secondly,":[149],"difference":[150],"calculation":[151],"among":[152],"image,":[155],"filtered":[157,162],"carried":[165],"realize":[168],"detail":[172,187],"basic":[177,190],"information.":[178],"Compared":[179],"with":[180,251,277,302,320],"that":[184,264],"only":[185],"decomposes":[186],"it":[192],"preserve":[195],"boundary":[196,256],"structure":[197],"features.":[200],"The":[201,281],"extended":[205],"multi-scale":[207],"space":[208],"multi-layer":[210],"features":[214],"at":[215],"same":[217],"time.":[218],"Finally,":[219],"scale,":[224],"divided":[229],"into":[230],"three":[231],"layers,":[232],"corresponding":[234],"rules":[235],"formulated":[239],"their":[242],"feature":[243],"so":[245],"generate":[248],"low":[252],"interference,":[254],"clear":[255],"homogeneous":[258],"convergence.":[260],"Experimental":[261],"show":[263],"proposed":[266],"performs":[269],"best":[271],"eight":[273],"evaluation":[274],"indexes":[275],"compared":[276,301,319],"ten":[278],"other":[279],"methods.":[280],"overall":[282],"accuracy,":[283],"average":[284],"accuracy":[285],"Kappa":[287],"coefficient":[288],"increased":[294],"7.674%,":[296],"6.776%":[297],"0.098":[299],"respectively":[300,318],"those":[303,321],"Area":[310,328],"1,":[311],"6.904%,":[314],"7.649%":[315],"0.089":[317],"2.":[329]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-29T08:53:18.405633","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}