{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4383220034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3292320","title":"SDRCNN: A Single-Scale Dense Residual Connected Convolutional Neural Network for Pansharpening","display_name":"SDRCNN: A Single-Scale Dense Residual Connected Convolutional Neural Network for Pansharpening","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4383220034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3292320"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2023.3292320","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3292320","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10173486.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10173486.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101674708","display_name":"Yuan Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0531-6066"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69356397","display_name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmrmn05","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Design School, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China","School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0531-6066","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Design School, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028436114","display_name":"Yuanzhi Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7005-5870"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69356397","display_name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmrmn05","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanzhi Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Design School, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China","School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7005-5870","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Design School, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047770079","display_name":"Lei Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5538-4684"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69356397","display_name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmrmn05","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Design School, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China","School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5538-4684","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Design School, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":2.7319,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91449186,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":null,"first_page":"6325","last_page":"6338"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/panchromatic-film","display_name":"Panchromatic film","score":0.9429036378860474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multispectral-image","display_name":"Multispectral image","score":0.7566455006599426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7109137177467346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7046037316322327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6869927644729614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.6559939980506897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution","display_name":"Image resolution","score":0.6234252452850342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.5366050601005554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.533865749835968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.44558727741241455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distortion","display_name":"Distortion (music)","score":0.43684208393096924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.42473095655441284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.38270702958106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.38192126154899597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3523103594779968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.15873223543167114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12408241629600525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.11372283101081848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.07942000031471252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.06521958112716675}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107445234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q280995","display_name":"Panchromatic film","level":3,"score":0.9429036378860474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173163844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761440","display_name":"Multispectral image","level":2,"score":0.7566455006599426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7109137177467346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7046037316322327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6869927644729614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.6559939980506897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.6234252452850342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.5366050601005554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.533865749835968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.44558727741241455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126780896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899871","display_name":"Distortion (music)","level":4,"score":0.43684208393096924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.42473095655441284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.38270702958106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.38192126154899597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3523103594779968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.15873223543167114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12408241629600525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.11372283101081848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.07942000031471252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.06521958112716675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2023.3292320","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3292320","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10173486.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:74719853420f45d995708b7f16773f61","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/74719853420f45d995708b7f16773f61","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Pp 6325-6338 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2023.3292320","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3292320","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10173486.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4383220034.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4383220034.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":78,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W817971873","https://openalex.org/W1885185971","https://openalex.org/W1991460509","https://openalex.org/W2001800591","https://openalex.org/W2035285838","https://openalex.org/W2064366277","https://openalex.org/W2073196383","https://openalex.org/W2074788894","https://openalex.org/W2100329651","https://openalex.org/W2106891293","https://openalex.org/W2112693869","https://openalex.org/W2114161542","https://openalex.org/W2123046940","https://openalex.org/W2142843085","https://openalex.org/W2143697947","https://openalex.org/W2144436897","https://openalex.org/W2163677711","https://openalex.org/W2171108951","https://openalex.org/W2171211028","https://openalex.org/W2171845746","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2336309239","https://openalex.org/W2462592242","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2535279172","https://openalex.org/W2538746538","https://openalex.org/W2619662254","https://openalex.org/W2773041763","https://openalex.org/W2777033955","https://openalex.org/W2792142731","https://openalex.org/W2792365373","https://openalex.org/W2802337348","https://openalex.org/W2806865914","https://openalex.org/W2935896423","https://openalex.org/W2947324203","https://openalex.org/W2963183385","https://openalex.org/W2964119165","https://openalex.org/W2970544658","https://openalex.org/W2978701653","https://openalex.org/W3009455122","https://openalex.org/W3029812440","https://openalex.org/W3092201127","https://openalex.org/W3094511779","https://openalex.org/W3096904276","https://openalex.org/W3099844221","https://openalex.org/W3140053374","https://openalex.org/W3159049877","https://openalex.org/W3173051634","https://openalex.org/W3188240860","https://openalex.org/W3200410745","https://openalex.org/W3203987071","https://openalex.org/W3204998160","https://openalex.org/W3216217554","https://openalex.org/W3217482982","https://openalex.org/W4200634427","https://openalex.org/W4205659311","https://openalex.org/W4206727312","https://openalex.org/W4213256221","https://openalex.org/W4213414598","https://openalex.org/W4220840476","https://openalex.org/W4281890860","https://openalex.org/W4285212492","https://openalex.org/W4288391574","https://openalex.org/W4303629092","https://openalex.org/W4306411454","https://openalex.org/W4313555728","https://openalex.org/W4317761513","https://openalex.org/W4322706739","https://openalex.org/W4323644305","https://openalex.org/W4327969903","https://openalex.org/W4328007142","https://openalex.org/W4360930667","https://openalex.org/W4365790507","https://openalex.org/W4365790514","https://openalex.org/W4375959409","https://openalex.org/W6623043969","https://openalex.org/W6685078114","https://openalex.org/W6852149558"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1930929277","https://openalex.org/W2158394102","https://openalex.org/W2361746014","https://openalex.org/W1502637513","https://openalex.org/W2124952510","https://openalex.org/W2375311607","https://openalex.org/W2022261651","https://openalex.org/W2011962637","https://openalex.org/W2163677711","https://openalex.org/W2036727360"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pansharpening":[0],"is":[1,35],"a":[2,6,13,21,42,53,108],"process":[3],"of":[4,62,111,138,156,169,181,186],"fusing":[5],"high":[7],"spatial":[8,15,125],"resolution":[9,16],"panchromatic":[10],"image":[11,18],"and":[12,48,58,73,91,93,104,116,128],"low":[14],"multispectral":[17,23],"to":[19,145],"create":[20],"high-resolution":[22],"image.":[24],"A":[25],"novel":[26,43],"single-branch,":[27],"single-scale":[28],"lightweight":[29,95],"convolutional":[30],"neural":[31],"network,":[32],"named":[33],"SDRCNN,":[34],"developed":[36],"in":[37,172,177],"this":[38],"study.":[39],"By":[40],"using":[41,66],"dense":[44],"residual":[45,120],"connected":[46],"structure":[47],"convolution":[49],"block,":[50],"SDRCNN":[51,63,122,150,157,174],"achieved":[52],"better":[54],"trade-off":[55],"between":[56],"accuracy":[57],"efficiency.":[59],"The":[60,76,136,153],"performance":[61],"was":[64,151,158,175],"tested":[65],"four":[67],"datasets":[68],"from":[69],"the":[70,112,117,133,139,160,167,173,184],"WorldView-3,":[71],"WorldView-2":[72],"QuickBird":[74],"satellites.":[75],"compared":[77],"methods":[78,82,98,134,164],"include":[79],"eight":[80],"traditional":[81],"(i.e.,":[83,99],"GS,":[84],"GSA,":[85],"PRACS,":[86],"BDSD,":[87],"SFIM,":[88],"GLP-CBD,":[89],"CDIF":[90],"LRTCFPan)":[92],"five":[94],"deep":[96],"learning":[97],"PNN,":[100],"PanNet,":[101],"BayesianNet,":[102],"DMDNet":[103],"FusionNet).":[105],"Based":[106],"on":[107],"visual":[109],"inspection":[110],"pansharpened":[113],"images":[114],"created":[115],"associated":[118],"absolute":[119],"maps,":[121],"exhibited":[123],"least":[124],"detail":[126],"blurring":[127],"spectral":[129],"distortion,":[130],"amongst":[131],"all":[132,163],"considered.":[135],"values":[137,148],"quantitative":[140],"evaluation":[141],"metrics":[142],"were":[143],"closest":[144],"their":[146],"ideal":[147],"when":[149],"used.":[152],"processing":[154],"time":[155],"also":[159],"shortest":[161],"among":[162],"tested.":[165],"Finally,":[166],"effectiveness":[168],"each":[170],"component":[171],"demonstrated":[176],"ablation":[178],"experiments.":[179],"All":[180],"these":[182],"confirmed":[183],"superiority":[185],"SDRCNN.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}