{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4382724486","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3289943","title":"SRA\u2013CEM: An Improved CEM Target Detection Algorithm for Hyperspectral Images Based on Subregion Analysis","display_name":"SRA\u2013CEM: An Improved CEM Target Detection Algorithm for Hyperspectral Images Based on Subregion Analysis","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4382724486","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3289943"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2023.3289943","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3289943","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10168217.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10168217.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072911111","display_name":"Jiale Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4850-5334"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183006215","display_name":"Shijiazhuang University","ror":"https://ror.org/028rmam09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183006215"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiale Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Army Engineering University, Shijiazhuang, China","Department of electronic and optical engineering, Shijiazhuang campus, Army Engineering University No. 97 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4850-5334","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Army Engineering University, Shijiazhuang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of electronic and optical engineering, Shijiazhuang campus, Army Engineering University No. 97 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363","https://openalex.org/I183006215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103274916","display_name":"Guanglong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2252-082X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183006215","display_name":"Shijiazhuang University","ror":"https://ror.org/028rmam09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183006215"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guanglong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Missile Engineering, Army Engineering University, Shijiazhuang, China","Department of missile engineering, Shijiazhuang campus, Army Engineering University No. 97 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2252-082X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Missile Engineering, Army Engineering University, Shijiazhuang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of missile engineering, Shijiazhuang campus, Army Engineering University No. 97 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363","https://openalex.org/I183006215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100673340","display_name":"Bing Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0843-9192"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183006215","display_name":"Shijiazhuang University","ror":"https://ror.org/028rmam09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183006215"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bing Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Army Engineering University, Shijiazhuang, China","Department of electronic and optical engineering, Shijiazhuang campus, Army Engineering University No. 97 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0843-9192","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Army Engineering University, Shijiazhuang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of electronic and optical engineering, Shijiazhuang campus, Army Engineering University No. 97 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363","https://openalex.org/I183006215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017172632","display_name":"Jiaju Ying","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2619-3755"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183006215","display_name":"Shijiazhuang University","ror":"https://ror.org/028rmam09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183006215"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaju Ying","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Army Engineering University, Shijiazhuang, China","Department of electronic and optical engineering, Shijiazhuang campus, Army Engineering University No. 97 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2619-3755","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Army Engineering University, Shijiazhuang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of electronic and optical engineering, Shijiazhuang campus, Army Engineering University No. 97 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363","https://openalex.org/I183006215"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100454052","display_name":"Jie Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0750-1030"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183006215","display_name":"Shijiazhuang University","ror":"https://ror.org/028rmam09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183006215"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Army Engineering University, Shijiazhuang, China","Department of electronic and optical engineering, Shijiazhuang campus, Army Engineering University No. 97 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Army Engineering University, Shijiazhuang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of electronic and optical engineering, Shijiazhuang campus, Army Engineering University No. 97 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363","https://openalex.org/I183006215"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":2.3005,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89583451,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":null,"first_page":"6026","last_page":"6037"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9387999773025513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.9568094611167908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6433517932891846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6065323352813721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.5972340106964111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/full-spectral-imaging","display_name":"Full spectral imaging","score":0.5251571536064148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.512883186340332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.45421233773231506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.45015615224838257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3592642545700073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3495752513408661}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.9568094611167908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6433517932891846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6065323352813721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.5972340106964111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78660771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5508206","display_name":"Full spectral imaging","level":3,"score":0.5251571536064148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.512883186340332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.45421233773231506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.45015615224838257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3592642545700073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3495752513408661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2023.3289943","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3289943","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10168217.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5a1b14574d1845c5b1d2d2b3a2e854b7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5a1b14574d1845c5b1d2d2b3a2e854b7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Pp 6026-6037 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2023.3289943","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3289943","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10168217.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4382724486.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4382724486.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1899348529","https://openalex.org/W1973176871","https://openalex.org/W2014690245","https://openalex.org/W2017014096","https://openalex.org/W2057513844","https://openalex.org/W2062741922","https://openalex.org/W2109770203","https://openalex.org/W2112656986","https://openalex.org/W2117741752","https://openalex.org/W2118996198","https://openalex.org/W2120275993","https://openalex.org/W2150347412","https://openalex.org/W2154236340","https://openalex.org/W2164160978","https://openalex.org/W2354867529","https://openalex.org/W2519678035","https://openalex.org/W2755181469","https://openalex.org/W2792119716","https://openalex.org/W2793272303","https://openalex.org/W2793830050","https://openalex.org/W2886682357","https://openalex.org/W2900802713","https://openalex.org/W2902587915","https://openalex.org/W2914685724","https://openalex.org/W2921862546","https://openalex.org/W2948763898","https://openalex.org/W2951232496","https://openalex.org/W2975506318","https://openalex.org/W3003717368","https://openalex.org/W3020997688","https://openalex.org/W3083485545","https://openalex.org/W3107474049","https://openalex.org/W3128804268","https://openalex.org/W3166561508","https://openalex.org/W3207235916","https://openalex.org/W3211286615","https://openalex.org/W4225582357","https://openalex.org/W4226239104","https://openalex.org/W4226350914","https://openalex.org/W4296558668","https://openalex.org/W4312289230","https://openalex.org/W4321380750","https://openalex.org/W4323065005","https://openalex.org/W6677508755","https://openalex.org/W6681914058"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2385371209","https://openalex.org/W2911259277","https://openalex.org/W4386427838","https://openalex.org/W2800956885","https://openalex.org/W4250051149","https://openalex.org/W2083270190","https://openalex.org/W2533019003","https://openalex.org/W1991437568","https://openalex.org/W2626158795","https://openalex.org/W2057283258"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0,87],"to":[1,88,169,183,230],"the":[2,50,53,60,64,67,70,83,100,111,115,128,152,155,171,175,185,196,199,207,212,235,241,255,259],"limitations":[3],"of":[4,52,62,82,103,118,174,188,198,243,258],"spatial":[5,21],"resolution":[6],"and":[7,20,58,97,164,190,193,221],"detector":[8],"level,":[9],"traditional":[10,119,208],"hyperspectral":[11,29,42,138,223,244,249],"image":[12,30,43],"target":[13,31,44,65,84,120,134,156,200,232,245],"detection":[14,45,116,121,135,168,213,233],"focuses":[15],"more":[16],"on":[17,141,160,211],"spectral":[18,80,101,181,186],"analysis,":[19],"morphology":[22],"information":[23,51,81],"is":[24,39,73,110,123,157],"not":[25,124],"fully":[26],"utilized":[27],"in":[28,85,206,248],"detection.":[32,246],"The":[33,147,225],"Constrained":[34],"Energy":[35],"Minimization":[36],"(CEM)":[37],"method":[38,72,149,237,261],"a":[40,74,203],"classic":[41],"algorithm":[46,76,136,210],"that":[47,77,228],"can":[48,194],"highlight":[49],"target,":[54],"suppress":[55],"background":[56,167,180,204],"information,":[57],"achieve":[59],"effect":[61],"separating":[63],"from":[66],"image.":[68],"However,":[69],"CEM":[71,133,209],"supervised":[75],"requires":[78],"obtaining":[79],"advance.":[86],"various":[89],"factors":[90],"such":[91],"as":[92,202],"material":[93],"composition,":[94],"object":[95],"shape,":[96],"imaging":[98,253],"conditions,":[99,254],"reflectance":[102,182,187],"targets":[104,192],"usually":[105],"exhibits":[106],"strong":[107],"uncertainty,":[108],"which":[109],"main":[112],"reason":[113],"why":[114],"performance":[117],"algorithms":[122],"ideal.":[125],"To":[126],"address":[127],"above":[129],"issues,":[130],"an":[131],"improved":[132],"for":[137],"images":[139,250],"based":[140,159],"sub-region":[142,153],"analysis":[143],"(SRA-CEM)":[144],"was":[145],"proposed.":[146],"SRA-CEM":[148,177,236,260],"first":[150],"obtains":[151],"where":[154],"located":[158],"its":[161],"external":[162],"features":[163],"then":[165],"uses":[166,178],"infer":[170],"specific":[172],"location":[173],"target.":[176],"prior":[179],"replace":[184],"unknown":[189],"variable":[191],"avoid":[195],"impact":[197],"signal":[201,205],"results.":[214],"Experiments":[215],"were":[216],"conducted":[217],"using":[218],"publicly":[219],"available":[220],"self-test":[222],"data,respectively.":[224],"results":[226],"showed":[227],"compared":[229],"other":[231],"algorithms,":[234],"could":[238],"effectively":[239],"improve":[240],"accuracy":[242],"Especially":[247],"under":[251],"land-based":[252],"AUC":[256],"value":[257],"has":[262],"increased":[263],"by":[264],"about":[265],"0.11.":[266]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2023-07-01T00:00:00"}
