{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4362683587","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3264452","title":"Local and Global Spatial Information for Land Cover Semisupervised Classification of Complex Polarimetric SAR Data","display_name":"Local and Global Spatial Information for Land Cover Semisupervised Classification of Complex Polarimetric SAR Data","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4362683587","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3264452"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2023.3264452","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3264452","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10093952.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10093952.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042956624","display_name":"Mohsen Ghanbari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2793-982X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohsen Ghanbari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vision and Image Processing (VIP) Research Group, Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2793-982X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vision and Image Processing (VIP) Research Group, Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034166335","display_name":"Linlin Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3488-5199"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linlin Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vision and Image Processing (VIP) Research Group, Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3488-5199","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vision and Image Processing (VIP) Research Group, Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066149942","display_name":"David A. Clausi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6383-0875"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David A. Clausi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vision and Image Processing (VIP) Research Group, Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6383-0875","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vision and Image Processing (VIP) Research Group, Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":10.1948,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97437679,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":null,"first_page":"3892","last_page":"3904"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.988099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover","display_name":"Land cover","score":0.6784937977790833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.6479063034057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5983497500419617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5873591303825378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5869814157485962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.5589404702186584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarimetry","display_name":"Polarimetry","score":0.5279837250709534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5132734775543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.49636369943618774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-analysis","display_name":"Spatial analysis","score":0.4876784086227417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dependency","display_name":"Dependency (UML)","score":0.4322763681411743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.4132842719554901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.24851477146148682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.20943933725357056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.15999874472618103}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.6784937977790833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.6479063034057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5983497500419617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5873591303825378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5869814157485962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.5589404702186584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28493345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899381","display_name":"Polarimetry","level":3,"score":0.5279837250709534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5132734775543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.49636369943618774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.4876784086227417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19768560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320727","display_name":"Dependency (UML)","level":2,"score":0.4322763681411743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.4132842719554901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.24851477146148682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.20943933725357056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.15999874472618103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2023.3264452","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3264452","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10093952.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:65e15e06adfe4d3c8d933e80b06037dc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/65e15e06adfe4d3c8d933e80b06037dc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Pp 3892-3904 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2023.3264452","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3264452","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10093952.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4362683587.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4362683587.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":70,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W377632744","https://openalex.org/W1421632428","https://openalex.org/W1538058927","https://openalex.org/W1630959083","https://openalex.org/W1920235975","https://openalex.org/W1980508351","https://openalex.org/W1985194020","https://openalex.org/W1990334093","https://openalex.org/W1997565609","https://openalex.org/W1999695055","https://openalex.org/W2002849025","https://openalex.org/W2021071797","https://openalex.org/W2044465660","https://openalex.org/W2055075784","https://openalex.org/W2060390460","https://openalex.org/W2064995156","https://openalex.org/W2089391573","https://openalex.org/W2098454176","https://openalex.org/W2104125540","https://openalex.org/W2116051282","https://openalex.org/W2118246710","https://openalex.org/W2127227873","https://openalex.org/W2141195754","https://openalex.org/W2154455818","https://openalex.org/W2157985480","https://openalex.org/W2163431839","https://openalex.org/W2165160669","https://openalex.org/W2166338096","https://openalex.org/W2267259190","https://openalex.org/W2288010315","https://openalex.org/W2299851271","https://openalex.org/W2345852998","https://openalex.org/W2463773089","https://openalex.org/W2574739416","https://openalex.org/W2585293115","https://openalex.org/W2743837685","https://openalex.org/W2771917915","https://openalex.org/W2793291586","https://openalex.org/W2794640507","https://openalex.org/W2802874102","https://openalex.org/W2819744022","https://openalex.org/W2883606943","https://openalex.org/W2891367133","https://openalex.org/W2905181079","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2927127974","https://openalex.org/W2945035621","https://openalex.org/W2948659326","https://openalex.org/W2964015378","https://openalex.org/W2965344373","https://openalex.org/W2987860915","https://openalex.org/W2990121843","https://openalex.org/W2990364766","https://openalex.org/W3000122775","https://openalex.org/W3001401628","https://openalex.org/W3001606623","https://openalex.org/W3007536931","https://openalex.org/W3024707412","https://openalex.org/W3098095976","https://openalex.org/W3100958491","https://openalex.org/W3132371805","https://openalex.org/W3176304181","https://openalex.org/W4205456845","https://openalex.org/W4213262319","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W4294214983","https://openalex.org/W6636599907","https://openalex.org/W6682494755","https://openalex.org/W6693422612","https://openalex.org/W6726873649"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2035593284","https://openalex.org/W2026860918","https://openalex.org/W2612145225","https://openalex.org/W2225281849","https://openalex.org/W2161058488","https://openalex.org/W2324949438","https://openalex.org/W173514170","https://openalex.org/W2389173272","https://openalex.org/W2043913960","https://openalex.org/W3129683637"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Each":[0],"of":[1,57,118],"the":[2,6,28,54,58,66,82,86,109,114,128],"three":[3],"satellites":[4],"constituting":[5],"RADARSAT":[7,37],"Constellation":[8],"Mission":[9],"(RCM)":[10],"provide":[11],"compact":[12],"polarimetric":[13,31],"synthetic":[14],"aperture":[15],"radar":[16],"(CP":[17],"SAR)":[18],"data.":[19,64],"The":[20,92],"complex":[21,29,59,121],"CP":[22,60,122],"data":[23,33],"have":[24],"similar":[25],"properties":[26],"to":[27,84,113],"quad":[30],"(QP)":[32],"provided":[34],"by":[35,74,105],"prior":[36],"missions.":[38],"In":[39],"this":[40],"paper,":[41],"a":[42,77],"land":[43,93,98],"cover":[44,94,99],"classification":[45,95,138],"method":[46],"using":[47],"spatial":[48,68,88,147],"information":[49],"is":[50,72,79,102],"designed":[51],"based":[52],"on":[53,81],"statistical":[55],"characteristics":[56],"and":[61,123],"QP":[62,124],"SAR":[63],"First,":[65],"local":[67],"dependency":[69,89],"among":[70,90],"pixels":[71],"captured":[73],"superpixels.":[75,91,116],"Second,":[76],"graph":[78],"constructed":[80],"superpixels":[83,112],"model":[85],"global":[87,146],"image":[96],"with":[97,131],"type":[100],"labels":[101,107],"then":[103],"estimated":[104],"propagating":[106],"from":[108],"few":[110,132],"labeled":[111,133],"unlabeled":[115],"Classification":[117],"two":[119],"RCM":[120],"scenes":[125],"demonstrates":[126],"that":[127],"proposed":[129],"method,":[130],"pixels,":[134],"provides":[135],"much":[136],"higher":[137],"accuracy":[139],"than":[140],"methods":[141],"which":[142],"do":[143],"not":[144],"exploit":[145],"dependency.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}