{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4319342111","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3242948","title":"Infrared Small Target Detection Based on Singularity Analysis and Constrained Random Walker","display_name":"Infrared Small Target Detection Based on Singularity Analysis and Constrained Random Walker","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4319342111","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3242948"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2023.3242948","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3242948","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10039060.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10039060.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101889360","display_name":"Xinpeng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8824-7686"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136765683","display_name":"Tianjin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00zbe0w13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xinpeng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Research Center of Learning-Based Intelligent System, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Computer Vision and System of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China","Engineering Research Center of Learning-Based Intelligent System, Ministry of Education"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8824-7686","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Learning-Based Intelligent System, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Computer Vision and System of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Learning-Based Intelligent System, Ministry of Education","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051273783","display_name":"Zhixia Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0446-4278"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136765683","display_name":"Tianjin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00zbe0w13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhixia Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Research Center of Learning-Based Intelligent System, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Computer Vision and System of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China","Engineering Research Center of Learning-Based Intelligent System, Ministry of Education"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Learning-Based Intelligent System, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Computer Vision and System of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Learning-Based Intelligent System, Ministry of Education","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007910454","display_name":"Fan Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2074-0228"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136765683","display_name":"Tianjin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00zbe0w13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Research Center of Learning-Based Intelligent System, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Computer Vision and System of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China","Engineering Research Center of Learning-Based Intelligent System, Ministry of Education"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2074-0228","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Learning-Based Intelligent System, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Computer Vision and System of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Learning-Based Intelligent System, Ministry of Education","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031879360","display_name":"Yanhong Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4547-4659"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136765683","display_name":"Tianjin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00zbe0w13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanhong Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Research Center of Learning-Based Intelligent System, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Computer Vision and System of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China","Engineering Research Center of Learning-Based Intelligent System, Ministry of Education"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4547-4659","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Learning-Based Intelligent System, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Computer Vision and System of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Learning-Based Intelligent System, Ministry of Education","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070105853","display_name":"Meng Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-9223"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136765683","display_name":"Tianjin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00zbe0w13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meng Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Research Center of Learning-Based Intelligent System, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Computer Vision and System of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China","Engineering Research Center of Learning-Based Intelligent System, Ministry of Education"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-9223","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Learning-Based Intelligent System, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Computer Vision and System of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Learning-Based Intelligent System, Ministry of Education","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101889360"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":9.6647,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97189554,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":null,"first_page":"2050","last_page":"2064"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14257","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11856","display_name":"Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clutter","display_name":"Clutter","score":0.8494737148284912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7193589806556702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.576438844203949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.5426320433616638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.46508875489234924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.4267506003379822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4264046549797058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.4134790301322937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3514491021633148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.27894914150238037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21208280324935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09026271104812622}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.8494737148284912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7193589806556702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.576438844203949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5426320433616638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.46508875489234924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.4267506003379822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4264046549797058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4134790301322937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3514491021633148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.27894914150238037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21208280324935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09026271104812622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2023.3242948","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3242948","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10039060.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:14636be2dfc04838b0736e860425ca39","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/14636be2dfc04838b0736e860425ca39","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Pp 2050-2064 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2023.3242948","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3242948","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10039060.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.5899999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1592249304","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62020106004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5370040448","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"92048301","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G548507370","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61902078","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4319342111.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4319342111.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W119622245","https://openalex.org/W1978993121","https://openalex.org/W2014214009","https://openalex.org/W2041560658","https://openalex.org/W2075039373","https://openalex.org/W2077046323","https://openalex.org/W2341998679","https://openalex.org/W2540854551","https://openalex.org/W2578504242","https://openalex.org/W2756926440","https://openalex.org/W2770868881","https://openalex.org/W2897261831","https://openalex.org/W2900678331","https://openalex.org/W2904893761","https://openalex.org/W2912919760","https://openalex.org/W2929078203","https://openalex.org/W2942839421","https://openalex.org/W2952513291","https://openalex.org/W2986554926","https://openalex.org/W3010079414","https://openalex.org/W3014054456","https://openalex.org/W3087883562","https://openalex.org/W3092535672","https://openalex.org/W3098726713","https://openalex.org/W3118249006","https://openalex.org/W3118934234","https://openalex.org/W3119966815","https://openalex.org/W3131633592","https://openalex.org/W3133742914","https://openalex.org/W4220966157","https://openalex.org/W4302603755","https://openalex.org/W4313065862"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2357365693","https://openalex.org/W1550912305","https://openalex.org/W2032041146","https://openalex.org/W2337415362","https://openalex.org/W2141294180","https://openalex.org/W1489399123","https://openalex.org/W4312857205","https://openalex.org/W121273120","https://openalex.org/W2740820121","https://openalex.org/W2408846072"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Effective":[0],"infrared":[1,39,50],"small":[2,10,40,51,103,183],"target":[3,11],"detection":[4,191],"is":[5],"still":[6],"challenging":[7],"due":[8],"to":[9,43,71,97,120,134,136,154],"sizes":[12],"and":[13,29,47,75,99,105,127,169],"the":[14,17,45,49,58,63,73,80,85,101,107,111,117,122,129,137,156,165,176,194],"clutter":[15,78],"in":[16,27,33,62,79,185,189],"background.":[18],"Unfortunately,":[19],"many":[20],"advanced":[21],"methods":[22],"do":[23],"not":[24],"perform":[25],"well":[26],"preserving":[28],"detecting":[30],"multi-scale":[31,182],"objects":[32],"complex":[34,186],"scenes.":[35],"We":[36],"propose":[37,67,143],"an":[38,150],"targets":[41,52,74,104,126,138,184],"method":[42,178],"suppress":[44,76,106,128],"background":[46],"adapt":[48,135],"with":[53,94,139],"different":[54,95],"sizes.":[55],"Based":[56],"on":[57,164],"singular":[59],"value":[60],"analysis":[61],"facet":[64,92,118],"model,":[65],"we":[66,89,115,142],"a":[68,144],"multi-derivative":[69],"descriptor":[70],"enhance":[72,98,121],"various":[77,140],"dual":[81],"derivative":[82,87,113],"channels.":[83],"In":[84,110,132],"first-order":[86],"channel,":[88,114],"design":[90],"four":[91],"kernels":[93],"directions":[96],"preserve":[100],"isotropic":[102],"block":[108],"clutter.":[109,131],"second-order":[112],"use":[116],"kernel":[119],"center":[123],"pixels":[124],"of":[125,159,167],"band":[130],"order":[133],"sizes,":[141],"constrained":[145],"random":[146],"walker":[147],"technique,":[148],"including":[149],"adaptive":[151],"matching":[152],"algorithm":[153],"extract":[155],"local":[157],"regions":[158],"each":[160],"candidate":[161],"adaptively":[162],"based":[163],"constraint":[166],"size":[168],"shape.":[170],"The":[171],"experimental":[172],"results":[173],"demonstrate":[174],"that":[175],"proposed":[177],"can":[179],"accurately":[180],"detect":[181],"scenes,":[187],"resulting":[188],"better":[190],"performance":[192],"than":[193],"state-of-the-art":[195],"methods.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
