{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4316661017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3237380","title":"Assessment of Spatiotemporal Characteristic of Droughts Using <i>In Situ</i> and Remote Sensing-Based Drought Indices","display_name":"Assessment of Spatiotemporal Characteristic of Droughts Using <i>In Situ</i> and Remote Sensing-Based Drought Indices","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4316661017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3237380"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2023.3237380","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3237380","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9973430/10018194.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9973430/10018194.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021401404","display_name":"Sepideh Jalayer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3882-4975"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83123760","display_name":"Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkz4493","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83123760"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sepideh Jalayer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Civil Engineering, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Civil Engineering, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83123760"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089848354","display_name":"Alireza Sharifi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7110-7516"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83123760","display_name":"Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkz4493","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83123760"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alireza Sharifi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Civil Engineering, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Civil Engineering, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83123760"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007105503","display_name":"Dariush Abbasi\u2010Moghadam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2228-0595"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115566878","display_name":"Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman","ror":"https://ror.org/04zn42r77","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115566878"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dariush Abbasi-Moghadam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115566878"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049417604","display_name":"Aqil Tariq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1196-1248"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99041443","display_name":"Mississippi State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0432jq872","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141039","https://openalex.org/I99041443"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aqil Tariq","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Forest Resources, Mississippi State University, MS, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Forest Resources, Mississippi State University, MS, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99041443"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061080256","display_name":"Shujing Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2998-6486"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shujing Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021401404"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83123760"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":16.3427,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":100,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99624005,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":null,"first_page":"1483","last_page":"1502"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11186","display_name":"Hydrology and Drought Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11186","display_name":"Hydrology and Drought Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.9891999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9853000044822693,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6547272205352783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/index","display_name":"Index (typography)","score":0.6013612747192383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precipitation","display_name":"Precipitation","score":0.5283024311065674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evapotranspiration","display_name":"Evapotranspiration","score":0.4913577139377594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.23718783259391785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.20591318607330322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.11078783869743347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.08269941806793213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.05412834882736206}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6547272205352783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.6013612747192383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.5283024311065674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176783924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828158","display_name":"Evapotranspiration","level":2,"score":0.4913577139377594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.23718783259391785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.20591318607330322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11078783869743347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.08269941806793213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.05412834882736206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2023.3237380","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3237380","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9973430/10018194.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:618e9c5b363f4833ad1fc185f3b1a653","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/618e9c5b363f4833ad1fc185f3b1a653","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Pp 1483-1502 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2023.3237380","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3237380","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9973430/10018194.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.7300000190734863,"display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2082826544","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Postdoctoral","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5694661680","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020M682477","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335443","funder_display_name":"Postdoctoral Research Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7146198082","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52209068","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335443","display_name":"Postdoctoral Research Foundation of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4316661017.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4316661017.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1555950902","https://openalex.org/W1985817749","https://openalex.org/W1985893659","https://openalex.org/W1997893060","https://openalex.org/W2082819436","https://openalex.org/W2093573484","https://openalex.org/W2162554994","https://openalex.org/W2272065059","https://openalex.org/W2293006232","https://openalex.org/W2502383460","https://openalex.org/W2766868437","https://openalex.org/W2778576106","https://openalex.org/W2795550267","https://openalex.org/W2885634264","https://openalex.org/W2888297524","https://openalex.org/W2914984937","https://openalex.org/W2943964620","https://openalex.org/W2954275174","https://openalex.org/W2991604403","https://openalex.org/W2996115036","https://openalex.org/W2996229216","https://openalex.org/W3004617717","https://openalex.org/W3007123125","https://openalex.org/W3020270167","https://openalex.org/W3020901703","https://openalex.org/W3021506650","https://openalex.org/W3028870965","https://openalex.org/W3081557381","https://openalex.org/W3082355135","https://openalex.org/W3093731968","https://openalex.org/W3095668211","https://openalex.org/W3107727438","https://openalex.org/W3113036323","https://openalex.org/W3120107115","https://openalex.org/W3123074020","https://openalex.org/W3124301250","https://openalex.org/W3136843837","https://openalex.org/W3139251483","https://openalex.org/W3139470393","https://openalex.org/W3158254415","https://openalex.org/W3161110393","https://openalex.org/W3176317972","https://openalex.org/W3197664928","https://openalex.org/W3204122257","https://openalex.org/W3205793197","https://openalex.org/W3207291304","https://openalex.org/W3207483559","https://openalex.org/W3209362715","https://openalex.org/W4200302547","https://openalex.org/W4205865740","https://openalex.org/W4206170577","https://openalex.org/W4210577506","https://openalex.org/W4212803236","https://openalex.org/W4212997174","https://openalex.org/W4213186504","https://openalex.org/W4220687320","https://openalex.org/W4220733043","https://openalex.org/W4280586518","https://openalex.org/W4283370550","https://openalex.org/W4285289054","https://openalex.org/W4290755880","https://openalex.org/W4293553739","https://openalex.org/W4307572137"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2102874016","https://openalex.org/W2352756686","https://openalex.org/W2354103845","https://openalex.org/W3689139","https://openalex.org/W2080467217","https://openalex.org/W2030038391","https://openalex.org/W2329093186","https://openalex.org/W2043190763","https://openalex.org/W2240811799","https://openalex.org/W2364319254"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Drought":[0],"has":[1,213,291],"been":[2,84],"identified":[3],"as":[4,243],"one":[5],"of":[6,91,122,153,233,277,288],"the":[7,36,88,110,150,154,162,169,196,211,227,244,253,259,262,286,289],"significant":[8],"complicated":[9],"natural":[10,37],"disasters":[11],"exacerbated":[12],"by":[13],"land":[14],"degradation":[15],"and":[16,22,34,62,67,78,93,98,115,127,138,182,189,199,201,230,239,247,256,273,282,285,312],"climate":[17],"change.":[18],"Hence,":[19],"monitoring":[20,206,217,310],"drought":[21,32,46,70,75,80,107,136,144,159,164,172,176,208,219,241,249,290,307],"evaluating":[23],"its":[24],"spatiotemporal":[25,89],"dynamics":[26],"are":[27,166,202],"essential":[28,301],"to":[29,86,132,205,318],"manage":[30],"regional":[31],"conditions":[33,220,242,250],"protecting":[35],"environment.":[38],"In":[39],"this":[40,297],"study,":[41],"various":[42],"single":[43,171],"remote":[44,134],"sensing-based":[45,135],"indices":[47,137,160,165,308],"including":[48,72,109,178],"soil":[49],"moisture":[50],"condition":[51,55,59,64],"index":[52,56,60,65,76,81,113,119],"(SMCI),":[53],"precipitation":[54,112,117],"(PCI),":[57],"temperature":[58],"(TCI),":[61],"vegetation":[63],"(VCI)":[66],"combined":[68,163],"RS-based":[69,170,306],"Indices":[71],"optimized":[73],"meteorological":[74,92,248,311],"(OMDI)":[77],"synthesized":[79],"(SDI)":[82],"have":[83,184,191],"used":[85],"investigate":[87],"variations":[90],"agricultural":[94,246,313],"droughts":[95,314],"between":[96],"2000":[97],"2021":[99,257],"in":[100,216,221,252,258,271,293],"Iran.":[101,222],"The":[102,146,187,266],"<italic":[103,155],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[104,156],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">in":[105,157],"situ</i>":[106,158],"indices,":[108],"standardized":[111,116],"(SPI)":[114],"evapotranspiration":[118],"(SPEI)":[120],"series":[121],"1,":[123],"3,":[124],"6,":[125],"12,":[126],"24":[128],"months":[129],"were":[130,236],"utilized":[131],"verify":[133],"evaluate":[139],"their":[140],"applicability":[141],"for":[142,303,309],"analyzing":[143],"conditions.":[145,209],"results":[147,267],"indicated":[148],"that":[149,226],"correlation":[151,194],"coefficients":[152],"with":[161,195],"higher":[167,280],"than":[168],"indexes.":[173],"Generally,":[174],"single-factor":[175],"indexes,":[177],"VCI,":[179],"TCI,":[180],"PCI,":[181],"SMCI,":[183],"specific":[185],"characteristics.":[186],"PCI":[188],"SMCI":[190],"an":[192,300],"acceptable":[193],"short-term":[197,207],"SPI":[198],"SPEI":[200],"more":[203],"applicable":[204],"Further,":[210],"TCI":[212],"better":[214],"performance":[215],"long-term":[218],"This":[223],"research":[224,298],"concluded":[225],"central,":[228],"eastern,":[229],"southeastern":[231],"parts":[232],"Iran":[234,278],"mainly":[235],"experiencing":[237],"exceptional":[238],"extreme":[240],"worst":[245],"observed":[251],"years":[254],"2008":[255],"region":[260],"during":[261],"last":[263],"20":[264],"years.":[265,295],"also":[268],"showed":[269],"that,":[270],"2019":[272],"2020,":[274],"most":[275],"areas":[276],"had":[279],"OMDI":[281],"SDI":[283],"values":[284],"severity":[287],"decreased":[292],"these":[294],"Particularly,":[296],"provides":[299],"reference":[302],"reasonably":[304],"choosing":[305],"from":[315],"a":[316],"local":[317],"global":[319],"scale.":[320]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":47},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-03-18T14:38:29.013473","created_date":"2023-01-17T00:00:00"}