{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312376029","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2022.3213420","title":"Small Target Detection Based on Noncoherent Radial Velocity Spectrum of High-Resolution Sea Clutter","display_name":"Small Target Detection Based on Noncoherent Radial Velocity Spectrum of High-Resolution Sea Clutter","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312376029","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2022.3213420"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2022.3213420","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2022.3213420","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/09915405.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/09915405.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024018957","display_name":"Sainan Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7163-3716"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sai-Nan Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7163-3716","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071090412","display_name":"Peng\u2010Lang Shui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5921-5255"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng-Lang Shui","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5921-5255","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073817022","display_name":"Xiang Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4792-0130"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4792-0130","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Tao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6782-5689"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6782-5689","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":1.9081,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91099172,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":null,"first_page":"8719","last_page":"8733"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clutter","display_name":"Clutter","score":0.7704280614852905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.619085431098938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-delay-and-integration","display_name":"Time delay and integration","score":0.5177225470542908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4718703627586365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant-false-alarm-rate","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","score":0.42427968978881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radial-velocity","display_name":"Radial velocity","score":0.4114440977573395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.39671003818511963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.395516037940979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.29942119121551514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.28133732080459595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16231092810630798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.7704280614852905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.619085431098938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96566525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7805282","display_name":"Time delay and integration","level":2,"score":0.5177225470542908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4718703627586365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77052588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644307","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","level":2,"score":0.42427968978881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41074950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q240105","display_name":"Radial velocity","level":3,"score":0.4114440977573395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.39671003818511963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.395516037940979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.29942119121551514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.28133732080459595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16231092810630798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150846664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7602306","display_name":"Stars","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2022.3213420","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2022.3213420","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/09915405.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:93187ff9e885405bb5dbc6c6a14242f6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/93187ff9e885405bb5dbc6c6a14242f6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Pp 8719-8733 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2022.3213420","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2022.3213420","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/09915405.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.8700000047683716}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1857954572","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61901224","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5773968834","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62201184","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321605","display_name":"Government of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/004svx814"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312376029.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312376029.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1513299782","https://openalex.org/W1538006934","https://openalex.org/W1983834069","https://openalex.org/W1984614739","https://openalex.org/W1993351044","https://openalex.org/W1996205700","https://openalex.org/W2004681226","https://openalex.org/W2026680405","https://openalex.org/W2058339336","https://openalex.org/W2073700750","https://openalex.org/W2089189450","https://openalex.org/W2114695921","https://openalex.org/W2119456667","https://openalex.org/W2123845546","https://openalex.org/W2131531692","https://openalex.org/W2132617208","https://openalex.org/W2140242774","https://openalex.org/W2156650489","https://openalex.org/W2185927967","https://openalex.org/W2440474799","https://openalex.org/W2593173044","https://openalex.org/W2624593418","https://openalex.org/W2898290599","https://openalex.org/W2906712528","https://openalex.org/W2921581137","https://openalex.org/W2940914944","https://openalex.org/W2943589224","https://openalex.org/W2958693219","https://openalex.org/W2970911204","https://openalex.org/W3013072932","https://openalex.org/W3093922882","https://openalex.org/W3147291723","https://openalex.org/W3157979615","https://openalex.org/W4240925291","https://openalex.org/W4285240851","https://openalex.org/W6634833018","https://openalex.org/W6686404400","https://openalex.org/W6718256466","https://openalex.org/W6770987489","https://openalex.org/W6775577975"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2388326001","https://openalex.org/W2115015615","https://openalex.org/W2351401443","https://openalex.org/W3011102797","https://openalex.org/W4320921117","https://openalex.org/W2431104759","https://openalex.org/W1649651896","https://openalex.org/W2317958419","https://openalex.org/W2116961228","https://openalex.org/W3173283069"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,52],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,43,57,143,220],"multiscan":[4,72,145,204],"joint":[5,146],"non-coherent":[6,31,60,84,154,172],"detection":[7,211],"method":[8],"of":[9,29,50,59,71,74,104],"small":[10],"targets":[11,166],"in":[12,215],"high-resolution":[13],"sea":[14,75,105],"clutter":[15,76,106],"with":[16,77,180,200,219],"spatial-temporally":[17],"structural":[18,78],"textures":[19],"induced":[20],"by":[21,39,91,213],"large-scale":[22],"swells":[23],"and":[24,87,115,125,167,186],"waves,":[25],"which":[26],"is":[27,65,131,149,157,175],"composed":[28],"intrascan":[30,85,153,171],"integration":[32,41,73,86,90,155,173],"at":[33,110],"each":[34],"spatial":[35],"resolution":[36],"cell":[37],"followed":[38],"interscan":[40,89],"on":[42,138],"radial":[44,61,112,164,182],"velocity":[45,62,113,165],"template.":[46],"The":[47],"main":[48],"contributions":[49],"the":[51,69,81,83,88,93,102,116,139,152,168,195,201,206,210,216],"are":[53,98,119,191],"as":[54],"follows.":[55],"Firstly,":[56],"concept":[58],"spectrum":[63],"(NCRVS)":[64],"proposed":[66],"to":[67,121,159,177,193],"model":[68],"non-homogeneity":[70],"textures.":[79],"In":[80,198],"NCRVS,":[82],"passing":[92],"retrospective":[94],"filter":[95],"(RF)":[96],"bank":[97],"fully":[99],"combined.":[100],"Secondly,":[101],"NCRVS":[103,141],"has":[107],"different":[108],"statistics":[109,124],"individual":[111],"bins":[114],"lognormal":[117],"distributions":[118],"used":[120,158,176,192],"fit":[122],"their":[123],"an":[126],"outlier-robust":[127],"analytical":[128],"bi-percentile":[129],"estimator":[130],"constructed":[132],"for":[133],"parameter":[134],"estimation.":[135],"Thirdly,":[136],"based":[137],"lognormal-distributed":[140],"model,":[142],"double-channel":[144],"detector":[147,208],"(DC-MJD)":[148],"proposed,":[150],"where":[151],"channel":[156,174],"find":[160,178],"floating":[161],"or":[162],"low":[163],"whitening":[169],"plus":[170],"target":[179],"high":[181],"velocity.":[183],"Simulated":[184],"data":[185,190,218],"measured":[187,217],"X-band":[188],"radar":[189],"verify":[194],"DC-MJD":[196,207],"detector.":[197],"comparison":[199],"existing":[202],"three":[203],"detectors,":[205],"improves":[209],"probability":[212],"96%":[214],"test":[221],"target.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2023-01-04T00:00:00"}