{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312585227","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2022.3211857","title":"Thin Cloud Removal Fusing Full Spectral and Spatial Features for Sentinel-2 Imagery","display_name":"Thin Cloud Removal Fusing Full Spectral and Spatial Features for Sentinel-2 Imagery","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312585227","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2022.3211857"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2022.3211857","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2022.3211857","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2022.3211857","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079856514","display_name":"Jun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0941-8713"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Astronautics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Astronautics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070073283","display_name":"Yuejie Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7993-7223"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuejie Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Astronautics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Astronautics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086098426","display_name":"Qinghong Sheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7913-2625"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinghong Sheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Astronautics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Astronautics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062236070","display_name":"Zhaocong Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2435-5538"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaocong Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031296460","display_name":"Bo Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4350-8974"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Astronautics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Astronautics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058240242","display_name":"Zhongwen Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2689-3196"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongwen Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["MNR Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Great Bay Area, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MNR Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Great Bay Area, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009507756","display_name":"Guanting Shen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guanting Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058601965","display_name":"Michael Schmitt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0575-2362"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40527276","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t der Bundeswehr M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05kkv3f82","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1315109972","https://openalex.org/I40527276","https://openalex.org/I4387152969"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Schmitt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of the Bundeswehr Munich, Neubiberg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of the Bundeswehr Munich, Neubiberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40527276"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023700134","display_name":"Matthieu Molinier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2656-001X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthieu Molinier","raw_affiliation_strings":["VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Ltd., Espoo, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Ltd., Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079856514"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":2.4777,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90299271,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":null,"first_page":"8759","last_page":"8775"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multispectral-image","display_name":"Multispectral image","score":0.8190187215805054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.7423557043075562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.600422203540802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-bands","display_name":"Spectral bands","score":0.5939193367958069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution","display_name":"Image resolution","score":0.5668544173240662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47549164295196533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.43788617849349976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3675522208213806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2809724807739258}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173163844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761440","display_name":"Multispectral image","level":2,"score":0.8190187215805054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.7423557043075562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.600422203540802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114700698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2882278","display_name":"Spectral bands","level":2,"score":0.5939193367958069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.5668544173240662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47549164295196533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.43788617849349976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3675522208213806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2809724807739258}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2022.3211857","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2022.3211857","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1472628bb4464853814c507b619d7365","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1472628bb4464853814c507b619d7365","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Pp 8759-8775 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2022.3211857","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2022.3211857","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2882773441","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20220888","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5582934892","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021-JCJQ-LB-006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328373","funder_display_name":"National Key Laboratory Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7903441479","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"8676142411442120","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328373","funder_display_name":"National Key Laboratory Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","display_name":"Academy of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328373","display_name":"National Key Laboratory Foundation of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1858246682","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W2025745000","https://openalex.org/W2028191110","https://openalex.org/W2028240797","https://openalex.org/W2029116331","https://openalex.org/W2029882073","https://openalex.org/W2068124105","https://openalex.org/W2081818670","https://openalex.org/W2095396982","https://openalex.org/W2128254161","https://openalex.org/W2157151912","https://openalex.org/W2292891435","https://openalex.org/W2326555679","https://openalex.org/W2333390289","https://openalex.org/W2364823336","https://openalex.org/W2508686506","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2736566689","https://openalex.org/W2767420414","https://openalex.org/W2776526448","https://openalex.org/W2785924090","https://openalex.org/W2793613573","https://openalex.org/W2896979201","https://openalex.org/W2900639982","https://openalex.org/W2901339722","https://openalex.org/W2908512565","https://openalex.org/W2912747420","https://openalex.org/W2914965007","https://openalex.org/W2925392274","https://openalex.org/W2946349008","https://openalex.org/W2949351478","https://openalex.org/W2963073614","https://openalex.org/W2982296207","https://openalex.org/W2983309662","https://openalex.org/W3008439211","https://openalex.org/W3038579873","https://openalex.org/W3041172212","https://openalex.org/W3041334470","https://openalex.org/W3041874188","https://openalex.org/W3044909247","https://openalex.org/W3085291485","https://openalex.org/W3090227540","https://openalex.org/W3092400413","https://openalex.org/W3105052070","https://openalex.org/W3107331533","https://openalex.org/W3110361293","https://openalex.org/W3120917255","https://openalex.org/W3130933808","https://openalex.org/W3153500217","https://openalex.org/W3156576334","https://openalex.org/W3165549846","https://openalex.org/W3175044012","https://openalex.org/W3205718677","https://openalex.org/W3210579416","https://openalex.org/W3216999574","https://openalex.org/W4200208557","https://openalex.org/W4206822653","https://openalex.org/W4206909333","https://openalex.org/W4207042493","https://openalex.org/W4226051283","https://openalex.org/W4297775537","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6737664043"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2011962637","https://openalex.org/W2163677711","https://openalex.org/W2084145074","https://openalex.org/W2369060955","https://openalex.org/W2167839896","https://openalex.org/W4230514785","https://openalex.org/W2087737263","https://openalex.org/W2160357252","https://openalex.org/W1966373181","https://openalex.org/W1998402269"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multispectral":[0],"remote":[1,233],"sensing":[2,234],"images":[3,190,235],"are":[4,128],"widely":[5],"used":[6],"for":[7,107,227],"monitoring":[8],"the":[9,19,49,68,70,116,138,141,162,180,202,211,221],"globe.":[10],"Although":[11],"thin":[12,22,39,81,152,229],"clouds":[13,23,40,230],"can":[14,206],"affect":[15],"all":[16,112,187],"optical":[17],"bands,":[18],"influences":[20],"of":[21,63,140,179],"differ":[24],"with":[25,199],"band":[26],"wavelength.":[27],"When":[28],"processing":[29],"multispectral":[30,64,232],"bands":[31,43,47,95,113,185],"at":[32,118,236],"different":[33,135,237],"resolutions,":[34],"many":[35],"methods":[36],"only":[37,210],"remove":[38],"in":[41,67,92,111,186,231],"visible/near-infrared":[42],"or":[44],"rescale":[45],"multiresolution":[46],"to":[48,130,137],"same":[50],"resolution":[51],"and":[52,66,89,102,114,175,195],"then":[53],"process":[54,72],"them":[55],"together.":[56],"The":[57,158],"former":[58],"cannot":[59],"make":[60],"full":[61,87],"use":[62],"information,":[65],"latter,":[69],"rescaling":[71],"will":[73],"introduce":[74],"noise.":[75],"In":[76,121],"this":[77],"article,":[78],"a":[79,147],"deep-learning-based":[80],"cloud":[82,153],"removal":[83,154],"method":[84,182,205,223],"that":[85,161,220],"fuses":[86],"spectral":[88,176,216],"spatial":[90,212],"features":[91,132,213],"original":[93,119],"Sentinel-2":[94,151],"is":[96,105,224],"proposed,":[97],"named":[98],"CR4S2.":[99],"A":[100],"multi-input":[101],"output":[103],"architecture":[104],"designed":[106,129],"better":[108,207],"fusing":[109],"information":[110],"reconstructing":[115],"background":[117],"resolutions.":[120,238],"addition,":[122],"two":[123],"parallel":[124],"downsampling":[125],"residual":[126],"blocks":[127],"transfer":[131],"extracted":[133],"from":[134],"depths":[136],"bottom":[139],"network.":[142],"Experiments":[143],"were":[144,191],"conducted":[145],"on":[146],"new":[148],"globally":[149],"distributed":[150],"dataset":[155],"called":[156],"WHUS2-CRv.":[157],"results":[159],"show":[160],"best":[163],"averaged":[164],"peak":[165],"signal-to-noise":[166],"ratio,":[167],"structural":[168],"similarity":[169],"index":[170],"measurement,":[171],"normalized":[172],"root-mean-square":[173],"error,":[174],"angle":[177],"mapper":[178],"proposed":[181,203,222],"over":[183],"12":[184],"20":[188],"testing":[189],"39.55,":[192],"0.9443,":[193],"0.0245,":[194],"2.5676\u00b0,":[196],"respectively.":[197],"Compared":[198],"baseline":[200],"methods,":[201],"CR4S2":[204],"restore":[208],"not":[209],"but":[214],"also":[215],"features.":[217],"This":[218],"indicates":[219],"very":[225],"promising":[226],"removing":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}