{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4294891446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2022.3204888","title":"Self-Supervised Learning for Invariant Representations From Multi-Spectral and SAR Images","display_name":"Self-Supervised Learning for Invariant Representations From Multi-Spectral and SAR Images","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4294891446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2022.3204888"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2022.3204888","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2022.3204888","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2022.3204888","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080656954","display_name":"Pallavi Jain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1731-8993"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144925","display_name":"Technological University Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/04t0qbt32","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144925"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pallavi Jain","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1731-8993","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144925"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013295291","display_name":"Bianca Schoen-Phelan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144925","display_name":"Technological University Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/04t0qbt32","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144925"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bianca Schoen-Phelan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144925"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009346892","display_name":"Robert Ross","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7088-273X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144925","display_name":"Technological University Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/04t0qbt32","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144925"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Ross","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144925"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":4.4076,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95176479,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":null,"first_page":"7797","last_page":"7808"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/invariant","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","score":0.6195537447929382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5458933711051941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4857204556465149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.4661404490470886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4119979739189148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3958079218864441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.28882408142089844}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190470478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370229","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6195537447929382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5458933711051941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4857204556465149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.4661404490470886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4119979739189148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3958079218864441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.28882408142089844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2022.3204888","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2022.3204888","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arrow.tudublin.ie:scschcomart-1186","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arrow.tudublin.ie/scschcomart/173","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196307","display_name":"Arrow - TU Dublin (Technological University Dublin)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210144925","host_organization_name":"Technological University Dublin","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144925"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Articles","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:be00d7de54924e45a69d8b9ad99305c9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/be00d7de54924e45a69d8b9ad99305c9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Pp 7797-7808 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2022.3204888","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2022.3204888","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6334448832","display_name":"ADAPT_Phase 2","funder_award_id":"13/RC/2106_P2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","funder_display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland","ror":"https://ror.org/0271asj38"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":70,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1601835124","https://openalex.org/W1974110440","https://openalex.org/W2012477883","https://openalex.org/W2034085189","https://openalex.org/W2126481883","https://openalex.org/W2253429366","https://openalex.org/W2321533354","https://openalex.org/W2326925005","https://openalex.org/W2592962403","https://openalex.org/W2615543373","https://openalex.org/W2738638456","https://openalex.org/W2764034829","https://openalex.org/W2774688698","https://openalex.org/W2782522152","https://openalex.org/W2885158046","https://openalex.org/W2900918919","https://openalex.org/W2940726923","https://openalex.org/W2963526604","https://openalex.org/W2963859992","https://openalex.org/W2964194231","https://openalex.org/W2971095420","https://openalex.org/W2973660294","https://openalex.org/W2982206001","https://openalex.org/W2984353870","https://openalex.org/W2996836954","https://openalex.org/W2999000103","https://openalex.org/W3015371551","https://openalex.org/W3017886647","https://openalex.org/W3034781633","https://openalex.org/W3035524453","https://openalex.org/W3037640242","https://openalex.org/W3042772844","https://openalex.org/W3093905312","https://openalex.org/W3095867871","https://openalex.org/W3104035745","https://openalex.org/W3110908156","https://openalex.org/W3112898771","https://openalex.org/W3117295288","https://openalex.org/W3120697286","https://openalex.org/W3126308856","https://openalex.org/W3136985093","https://openalex.org/W3144483443","https://openalex.org/W3159481202","https://openalex.org/W3165730205","https://openalex.org/W3168462391","https://openalex.org/W3168661051","https://openalex.org/W3171007011","https://openalex.org/W3174385379","https://openalex.org/W3175184835","https://openalex.org/W3185030868","https://openalex.org/W3185151088","https://openalex.org/W3185292364","https://openalex.org/W3201623325","https://openalex.org/W3206436626","https://openalex.org/W3206737592","https://openalex.org/W3207387664","https://openalex.org/W3212022090","https://openalex.org/W4206617559","https://openalex.org/W4206987367","https://openalex.org/W4214644404","https://openalex.org/W4226252548","https://openalex.org/W4283697304","https://openalex.org/W4289821912","https://openalex.org/W4292787463","https://openalex.org/W6767259515","https://openalex.org/W6774314701","https://openalex.org/W6784531446","https://openalex.org/W6791742336","https://openalex.org/W6917368815","https://openalex.org/W7015890786"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2775347418","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2951359407","https://openalex.org/W2079911747","https://openalex.org/W1969923398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Self-supervised":[0],"learning":[1,109,124],"(SSL)":[2],"has":[3],"become":[4],"the":[5,9,46,118,141,165,173,195,200,207],"new":[6],"state":[7],"of":[8,21,120,130,136,144,209],"art":[10],"in":[11,45,102],"several":[12],"domain":[13,52],"classification":[14,167],"and":[15,65,74,110,134,169,192,217,224],"segmentation":[16,178],"tasks.":[17],"One":[18],"popular":[19],"category":[20],"SSL":[22,197],"are":[23,55],"distillation":[24],"networks,":[25],"such":[26],"as":[27,81],"<italic":[28,42,47],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[29,43,48],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Bootstrap":[30],"Your":[31],"Own":[32],"Latent</i>":[33],"(BYOL).":[34],"This":[35,115],"work":[36,116],"proposes":[37],"RS-BYOL,":[38],"which":[39],"builds":[40],"on":[41,164,172],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">BYOL</i>":[44],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">remote":[49],"sensing":[50],"(RS)</i>":[51],"where":[53],"data":[54,211,226],"nontrivially":[56],"different":[57],"from":[58,125],"natural":[59],"RGB":[60],"images.":[61],"Since":[62],"multispectral":[63],"(MS)":[64],"synthetic":[66],"aperture":[67],"radar":[68],"(SAR)":[69],"sensors":[70],"provide":[71],"varied":[72],"spectral":[73],"spatial":[75],"resolution":[76,133],"information,":[77],"we":[78,99],"utilize":[79],"them":[80],"an":[82],"implicit":[83],"augmentation":[84],"to":[85,92,140,213,231],"learn":[86,93],"invariant":[87,95,229],"feature":[88,108,113,123],"embeddings.":[89],"In":[90,150],"order":[91],"RS-based":[94,196],"features":[96,158],"with":[97,189],"SSL,":[98],"trained":[100],"RS-BYOL":[101],"two":[103],"ways,":[104],"i.e.,":[105],"single":[106,121,156,182,214],"channel":[107,112,122,157],"three":[111,146],"learning.":[114],"explores":[117],"usefulness":[119,208],"random":[126],"10":[127],"MS":[128,223,237],"bands":[129,138],"10\u201320":[131],"m":[132],"VV-VH":[135],"SAR":[137,225],"compared":[139,212],"common":[142],"notion":[143],"using":[145],"or":[147],"more":[148],"bands.":[149,183],"our":[151,187],"linear":[152],"probing":[153],"evaluation,":[154],"these":[155],"reached":[159],"a":[160],"0.92":[161],"F1":[162],"score":[163],"EuroSAT":[166],"task":[168,179],"59.6":[170],"mIoU":[171],"IEEE":[174],"Data":[175],"Fusion":[176],"Contest":[177],"for":[180],"certain":[181],"We":[184,204],"also":[185],"compare":[186],"results":[188],"ImageNet":[190],"weights":[191],"show":[193],"that":[194,221],"model":[198],"outperforms":[199],"supervised":[201],"ImageNet-based":[202],"model.":[203],"further":[205],"explore":[206],"multimodal":[210],"modality":[215],"data,":[216],"it":[218],"is":[219],"shown":[220],"utilizing":[222,235],"allows":[227],"better":[228],"representations":[230],"be":[232],"learnt":[233],"than":[234],"only":[236],"data.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-22T08:00:12.763002","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}