{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4292982217","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2022.3200343","title":"Visualizing Transform Relations of Multilayers in Deep Neural Networks for ISAR Target Recognition","display_name":"Visualizing Transform Relations of Multilayers in Deep Neural Networks for ISAR Target Recognition","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4292982217","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2022.3200343"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2022.3200343","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2022.3200343","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/09864059.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/09864059.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100440985","display_name":"Jiaming Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9699-1987"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiaming Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021408538","display_name":"Mengdao Xing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4084-0915"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengdao Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066380733","display_name":"Wangshuo Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0473-1874"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wangshuo Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087931616","display_name":"Changhong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6677-5330"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changhong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100440985"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":0.2042,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.47882564,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":null,"first_page":"7052","last_page":"7064"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7861065864562988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6628936529159546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deconvolution","display_name":"Deconvolution","score":0.6511722803115845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.6262842416763306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","score":0.5994883179664612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5595340132713318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5481366515159607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.5053315758705139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse-synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Inverse synthetic aperture radar","score":0.4971790611743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.41798681020736694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4021199345588684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.3782307803630829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.24488762021064758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.20907467603683472}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7861065864562988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6628936529159546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174576160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1183700","display_name":"Deconvolution","level":2,"score":0.6511722803115845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.6262842416763306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.5994883179664612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5595340132713318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5481366515159607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5053315758705139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109094680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6060432","display_name":"Inverse synthetic aperture radar","level":4,"score":0.4971790611743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.41798681020736694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4021199345588684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.3782307803630829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.24488762021064758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.20907467603683472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2022.3200343","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2022.3200343","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/09864059.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6205276d983e4435b9d87a0b3be10905","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6205276d983e4435b9d87a0b3be10905","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Pp 7052-7064 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2022.3200343","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2022.3200343","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/09864059.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1213887363","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U19B2018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2530138849","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61901346","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2726461230","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61901348","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5505923119","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61825105","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336125","funder_display_name":"National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336125","display_name":"National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4292982217.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4292982217.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1504543387","https://openalex.org/W1849277567","https://openalex.org/W2020873585","https://openalex.org/W2071515987","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2167998037","https://openalex.org/W2195388612","https://openalex.org/W2295107390","https://openalex.org/W2403599343","https://openalex.org/W2406522397","https://openalex.org/W2590082389","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2625297138","https://openalex.org/W2773828237","https://openalex.org/W2789855823","https://openalex.org/W2793941577","https://openalex.org/W2898757978","https://openalex.org/W2904055553","https://openalex.org/W2909660509","https://openalex.org/W2910798558","https://openalex.org/W2962851944","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W2991989919","https://openalex.org/W2997541400","https://openalex.org/W2998676925","https://openalex.org/W3008885639","https://openalex.org/W3010142250","https://openalex.org/W3024613063","https://openalex.org/W3035942805","https://openalex.org/W3045584198","https://openalex.org/W3083758393","https://openalex.org/W3091383840","https://openalex.org/W3107832063","https://openalex.org/W3109750868","https://openalex.org/W3109762487","https://openalex.org/W3111064549","https://openalex.org/W3115231197","https://openalex.org/W3120338682","https://openalex.org/W3151637590","https://openalex.org/W3157130577","https://openalex.org/W3187313248","https://openalex.org/W3215715933","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W6638667902","https://openalex.org/W6685133223","https://openalex.org/W6733905848"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2540450177","https://openalex.org/W2170580735","https://openalex.org/W1552305638","https://openalex.org/W2112228652","https://openalex.org/W2613451563","https://openalex.org/W1994788526","https://openalex.org/W2547107543","https://openalex.org/W1966299760","https://openalex.org/W2150075356","https://openalex.org/W2974832783"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"neural":[1],"networks":[2],"(DNNs)":[3],"achieve":[4],"state-of-the-art":[5],"performance":[6],"in":[7,68],"many":[8],"of":[9,24,78],"the":[10,22,48,53,62,76,79,97,108,112],"tasks":[11],"such":[12],"as":[13],"image":[14,106],"classification,":[15],"speech":[16],"recognition":[17],"and":[18,70],"so":[19],"on,":[20],"but":[21,107],"principle":[23],"them":[25],"is":[26,71],"like":[27,89],"a":[28,36,103],"black":[29],"box.":[30],"In":[31,56],"this":[32,58],"paper,":[33],"we":[34,95],"propose":[35],"method":[37,59],"to":[38,46,74],"combine":[39],"several":[40],"connected":[41,54],"layers":[42,67,83],"into":[43],"one":[44],"layer":[45],"visualize":[47,61,96],"transform":[49,98],"relations":[50,99],"represented":[51],"by":[52],"layers.":[55],"theory,":[57],"can":[60],"transformation":[63,80],"between":[64],"any":[65],"two":[66],"DNNs":[69],"more":[72],"efficient":[73],"analyze":[75],"changes":[77],"across":[81],"different":[82],"compared":[84],"with":[85],"other":[86],"visualization":[87],"algorithms":[88],"deconvolution":[90],"or":[91],"saliency":[92],"maps.":[93],"Furthermore,":[94],"not":[100],"only":[101],"for":[102],"specific":[104],"input":[105,113],"class":[109],"which":[110],"all":[111],"images":[114],"belong":[115],"to.":[116]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
