{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4294186599","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2022.3197210","title":"An Efficient Center-Based Method With Multilevel Auxiliary Supervision for Multiscale SAR Ship Detection","display_name":"An Efficient Center-Based Method With Multilevel Auxiliary Supervision for Multiscale SAR Ship Detection","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4294186599","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2022.3197210"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2022.3197210","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2022.3197210","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/09852649.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/09852649.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114804039","display_name":"Yu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9331-8629"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100737123","display_name":"Xueqian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8632-6073"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xueqian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023960506","display_name":"Zhizhuo Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5269-2753"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131625388","display_name":"University Town of Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/05f5j6225","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131625388"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhizhuo Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131625388","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100438655","display_name":"Gang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9755-2781"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016380250","display_name":"You He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2942-1699"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"You He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5114804039"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":1.0196,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7718954,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":null,"first_page":"7065","last_page":"7075"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.792007327079773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.7806182503700256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.672217607498169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.5913536548614502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5698750615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5645624995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.5616947412490845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5506377816200256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.50751131772995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.47809311747550964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion-center","display_name":"Fusion center","score":0.4491285979747772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.443755567073822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.44040510058403015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.33064091205596924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.20834419131278992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08629918098449707}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.792007327079773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.7806182503700256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.672217607498169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.5913536548614502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5698750615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5645624995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.5616947412490845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5506377816200256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.50751131772995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.47809311747550964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781234732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q943505","display_name":"Fusion center","level":4,"score":0.4491285979747772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.443755567073822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.44040510058403015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.33064091205596924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.20834419131278992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08629918098449707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2022.3197210","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2022.3197210","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/09852649.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:53400fe6bf9440d19b9216d33840d767","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/53400fe6bf9440d19b9216d33840d767","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Pp 7065-7075 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2022.3197210","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2022.3197210","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/09852649.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4427687447","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61790551","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7174652887","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62101303","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7580496641","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020M680561","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8362816022","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61925106","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4294186599.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4294186599.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":70,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1504291959","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1595881343","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1849277567","https://openalex.org/W1934618922","https://openalex.org/W1994318669","https://openalex.org/W2034875816","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2119391693","https://openalex.org/W2128626452","https://openalex.org/W2149492639","https://openalex.org/W2163405822","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2271840356","https://openalex.org/W2307770531","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2774244034","https://openalex.org/W2799646862","https://openalex.org/W2884561390","https://openalex.org/W2884585870","https://openalex.org/W2886335102","https://openalex.org/W2904480641","https://openalex.org/W2917889769","https://openalex.org/W2928870406","https://openalex.org/W2961699889","https://openalex.org/W2962766617","https://openalex.org/W2962992847","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2963857746","https://openalex.org/W2964241181","https://openalex.org/W2973687886","https://openalex.org/W2975425411","https://openalex.org/W2976569345","https://openalex.org/W2989604896","https://openalex.org/W2991089415","https://openalex.org/W3011032387","https://openalex.org/W3014224354","https://openalex.org/W3031154432","https://openalex.org/W3032837604","https://openalex.org/W3034971973","https://openalex.org/W3082803449","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3107474049","https://openalex.org/W3120884061","https://openalex.org/W3135487395","https://openalex.org/W3164652643","https://openalex.org/W3200733355","https://openalex.org/W3217580681","https://openalex.org/W4206169408","https://openalex.org/W4212810110","https://openalex.org/W4220736631","https://openalex.org/W4242231307","https://openalex.org/W4246193833","https://openalex.org/W4246399668","https://openalex.org/W4282836470","https://openalex.org/W4297775537","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6638667902","https://openalex.org/W6694517276","https://openalex.org/W6737664043","https://openalex.org/W6760424586","https://openalex.org/W6762718338","https://openalex.org/W6771062828"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2108319163","https://openalex.org/W2963973190","https://openalex.org/W4250810580","https://openalex.org/W2101617966","https://openalex.org/W2131136626","https://openalex.org/W2186590110","https://openalex.org/W2141972130","https://openalex.org/W2129925150","https://openalex.org/W2969228573","https://openalex.org/W2963690996"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"<b>The":[0],"problem":[1,161],"of":[2,19,128,136,162,173,179,182,185,194,196,205,220,222],"multi-scale":[3,28,95,129,163],"ship":[4,30,130,165],"detection":[5,31,37,122,131,166],"in":[6,62,83,208],"synthetic":[7],"aperture":[8],"radar":[9],"(SAR)":[10],"images":[11],"has":[12],"received":[13],"much":[14],"attention":[15],"with":[16,53,105,119],"the":[17,41,54,75,126,134,142,160,170,203,223],"development":[18],"deep":[20],"convolutional":[21],"neural":[22],"networks":[23],"(DCNNs).":[24],"However,":[25],"existing":[26,226],"DCNN-based":[27],"SAR":[29,80,144,164],"methods":[32],"often":[33],"lead":[34],"to":[35,40,73,101,115],"time-consuming":[36],"process":[38],"due":[39],"massive":[42],"parameters":[43],"therein.":[44],"To":[45],"address":[46],"this":[47,63],"issue,":[48],"a":[49,84,88,109,154],"lightweight":[50,68],"center-based":[51],"detector":[52,152],"multi-level":[55,120,137],"auxiliary":[56,121],"supervision":[57],"(MLAS)":[58],"structure":[59],"is":[60,71,99,113,188,211,216],"proposed":[61,114,151],"paper.":[64],"First,":[65],"an":[66],"extremely":[67],"backbone":[69],"network":[70,91],"designed":[72],"improve":[74],"computation":[76,171],"efficiency":[77],"and":[78,192,199,202],"extract":[79],"image":[81,145],"features":[82,104],"bottom-up":[85],"manner.":[86],"Then,":[87],"feature":[89,96],"fusion":[90,97],"(FFN)":[92],"containing":[93],"three":[94,225],"modules":[98],"introduced":[100],"combine":[102],"semantic":[103],"different":[106],"levels.":[107],"Finally,":[108],"novel":[110],"MLAS-based":[111],"framework":[112],"train":[116],"our":[117,150,186,209],"DCNN":[118],"subnets.":[123],"MLAS":[124],"improves":[125],"performance":[127],"benefiting":[132],"from":[133],"guidance":[135],"attention.":[138],"Experimental":[139],"results":[140],"on":[141],"open":[143],"dataset":[146],"SSDD":[147],"show":[148],"that":[149,215],"achieves":[153],"similar":[155],"average":[156],"precision":[157],"(AP)":[158],"for":[159],"but":[167],"significantly":[168],"reduces":[169],"burden":[172],"state-of-the-art":[174],"methods.":[175],"The":[176],"required":[177],"number":[178,204],"floating":[180],"points":[181],"operations":[183],"(FLOPs)":[184],"method":[187,210],"only":[189,212],"21.70&#x0025;,":[190],"19.30&#x0025;,":[191],"4.81&#x0025;":[193],"those":[195,221],"CenterNet,":[197],"YOLOv3,":[198],"RetinaNet,":[200],"respectively,":[201],"learnable":[206],"weights":[207],"0.68":[213],"million":[214],"5.63&#x0025;,":[217],"1.10&#x0025;,":[218],"2.98&#x0025;":[219],"aforementioned":[224],"methods,":[227],"respectively.</b>":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
