{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285820154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2022.3192351","title":"Evaluation of Vehicle Camouflage Effectiveness Under a Complex Background Based on the Time-Limited Search Model","display_name":"Evaluation of Vehicle Camouflage Effectiveness Under a Complex Background Based on the Time-Limited Search Model","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285820154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2022.3192351"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2022.3192351","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2022.3192351","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/09833277.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/09833277.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102688508","display_name":"Dong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0953-2236"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Optical Engineering, Xi'an Research Institute of High Technology, Xi'an, China","School of Optical Engineering, Xi&#x0027","an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0953-2236","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optical Engineering, Xi'an Research Institute of High Technology, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optical Engineering, Xi&#x0027","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101461661","display_name":"Qinhe Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5577-903X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinhe Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Optical Engineering, Xi'an Research Institute of High Technology, Xi'an, China","an, China","School of Optical Engineering, Xi&#x0027"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5577-903X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optical Engineering, Xi'an Research Institute of High Technology, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optical Engineering, Xi&#x0027","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100421220","display_name":"Zhihao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9354-8109"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhihao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Optical Engineering, Xi'an Research Institute of High Technology, Xi'an, China","School of Optical Engineering, Xi&#x0027","an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optical Engineering, Xi'an Research Institute of High Technology, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optical Engineering, Xi&#x0027","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090470209","display_name":"Yao Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2040-2640"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yao Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Optical Engineering, Xi'an Research Institute of High Technology, Xi'an, China","School of Optical Engineering, Xi&#x0027","an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2040-2640","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optical Engineering, Xi'an Research Institute of High Technology, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optical Engineering, Xi&#x0027","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051963490","display_name":"Tong Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2630-4825"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tong Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Optical Engineering, Xi'an Research Institute of High Technology, Xi'an, China","School of Optical Engineering, Xi&#x0027","an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optical Engineering, Xi'an Research Institute of High Technology, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optical Engineering, Xi&#x0027","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025035701","display_name":"Lei Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5583-713X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Optical Engineering, Xi'an Research Institute of High Technology, Xi'an, China","an, China","School of Optical Engineering, Xi&#x0027"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optical Engineering, Xi'an Research Institute of High Technology, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optical Engineering, Xi&#x0027","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":0.2936,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52114175,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":null,"first_page":"6133","last_page":"6143"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10971","display_name":"Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies","score":0.9836000204086304,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2809","display_name":"Sensory Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9745000004768372,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/camouflage","display_name":"Camouflage","score":0.9724422693252563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7457735538482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7216571569442749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6395034790039062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.6391624212265015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/degree","display_name":"Degree (music)","score":0.5953563451766968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5464585423469543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.5187680721282959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4346569776535034}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776196576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196113","display_name":"Camouflage","level":2,"score":0.9724422693252563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7457735538482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7216571569442749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6395034790039062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6391624212265015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775997480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q586277","display_name":"Degree (music)","level":2,"score":0.5953563451766968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5464585423469543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.5187680721282959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4346569776535034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2022.3192351","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2022.3192351","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/09833277.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1f786be7c47d4564bc772fd712066400","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1f786be7c47d4564bc772fd712066400","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Pp 6133-6143 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2022.3192351","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2022.3192351","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/09833277.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.47999998927116394,"display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7101741587","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020JQ487","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G778546300","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51905541","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8735099373","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020JQ487","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336567","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336567","display_name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285820154.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285820154.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W358380361","https://openalex.org/W1872412942","https://openalex.org/W1980459447","https://openalex.org/W1982075130","https://openalex.org/W2041719651","https://openalex.org/W2068194118","https://openalex.org/W2080342237","https://openalex.org/W2090452834","https://openalex.org/W2100470808","https://openalex.org/W2114994812","https://openalex.org/W2118246710","https://openalex.org/W2122633288","https://openalex.org/W2128272608","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2146103513","https://openalex.org/W2155879099","https://openalex.org/W2163808566","https://openalex.org/W2744876417","https://openalex.org/W2755992512","https://openalex.org/W2766612192","https://openalex.org/W2794087142","https://openalex.org/W2795978685","https://openalex.org/W2896271923","https://openalex.org/W2952565170","https://openalex.org/W2962749812","https://openalex.org/W3016654709","https://openalex.org/W3047443805","https://openalex.org/W3048631361","https://openalex.org/W3102692100","https://openalex.org/W3103695279","https://openalex.org/W3113757854","https://openalex.org/W3125063811","https://openalex.org/W3133902755","https://openalex.org/W3140885850","https://openalex.org/W3152497675","https://openalex.org/W3153053002","https://openalex.org/W3209540366","https://openalex.org/W3210997334","https://openalex.org/W3214821343"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2978048274","https://openalex.org/W2348329006","https://openalex.org/W2379031960","https://openalex.org/W2376458710","https://openalex.org/W2231217681","https://openalex.org/W2914759737","https://openalex.org/W2984158411","https://openalex.org/W4253283976","https://openalex.org/W4231347762","https://openalex.org/W2351424232"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"comprehensively":[1],"evaluate":[2],"the":[3,16,22,26,38,50,57,69,74,89,97,103,109,115,122,136,142,146,150,160,162,178,183,191],"camouflage":[4,39,43,175,184],"effect":[5,44,185],"of":[6,21,59,73,105,121,145,159,177,187,195],"a":[7,11,42,130],"camouflaged":[8,75,123,147,197,204],"vehicle":[9,76,148,179],"in":[10,55],"complex":[12,165],"background":[13,78,167],"based":[14],"on":[15,102],"detection":[17],"and":[18,30,41,63,77,88,134,157,173,199,207],"identification":[19],"processes":[20],"time-limited":[23],"search":[24],"model,":[25,108],"visual":[27,51,70,98,106,131,151],"saliency":[28,52,61,65,71,84,91,99],"degree":[29,33,53,62,66,112,139],"feature":[31,110,137],"similarity":[32,111,138],"were":[34,67,80,86],"used":[35,94],"to":[36,95,128],"represent":[37],"effect,":[40],"evaluation":[45],"method":[46,163],"was":[47,93],"proposed.":[48],"For":[49],"algorithm,":[54],"which":[56],"concepts":[58],"local":[60,116,143],"target":[64,170],"introduced,":[68],"features":[72,117,127,144],"image":[79],"manually":[81],"extracted,":[82],"multiscale":[83],"matrices":[85],"constructed,":[87],"comprehensive":[90],"function":[92],"calculate":[96],"degree.":[100],"Based":[101],"bag":[104],"words":[107],"algorithm":[113],"extracted":[114],"from":[118],"public":[119],"images":[120],"vehicles,":[124,188],"clustered":[125],"these":[126],"form":[129],"word":[132,152],"bag,":[133],"calculated":[135],"by":[140],"comparing":[141],"with":[149],"bag.":[153],"Through":[154],"experimental":[155],"verification":[156],"analysis":[158],"results,":[161],"considering":[164],"landform":[166],"characteristics,":[168],"battlefield":[169],"reconnaissance":[171],"processes,":[172],"different":[174,196],"statuses":[176],"could":[180],"objectively":[181],"obtain":[182],"value":[186],"quantitatively":[189],"determine":[190],"advantageous":[192],"application":[193],"environment":[194],"states,":[198],"provide":[200],"data":[201],"support":[202],"for":[203],"state":[205],"design":[206],"concealed":[208],"area":[209],"selection.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}