{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4226112422","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2022.3157469","title":"River Surface Analysis and Characterization Using FMCW Radar","display_name":"River Surface Analysis and Characterization Using FMCW Radar","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4226112422","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2022.3157469"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2022.3157469","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2022.3157469","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9656571/09730069.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9656571/09730069.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011846689","display_name":"Marc A. Mutschler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5737-7680"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196349391","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Ulm","ror":"https://ror.org/032000t02","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163522","display_name":"Technische Hochschule Ulm","ror":"https://ror.org/05e5kd476","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163522"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marc A. Mutschler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Microtechnology, Ulm University of Applied Sciences, Ulm, Germany","Institute of Microwave, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5737-7680","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Microtechnology, Ulm University of Applied Sciences, Ulm, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163522"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microwave, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010246484","display_name":"Philipp A. Scharf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8794-1863"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163522","display_name":"Technische Hochschule Ulm","ror":"https://ror.org/05e5kd476","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163522"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philipp A. Scharf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Microtechnology, Ulm University of Applied Sciences, Ulm, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8794-1863","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Microtechnology, Ulm University of Applied Sciences, Ulm, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163522"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066081653","display_name":"Patrick Rippl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4566-7314"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196349391","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Ulm","ror":"https://ror.org/032000t02","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163522","display_name":"Technische Hochschule Ulm","ror":"https://ror.org/05e5kd476","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163522"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Rippl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Microtechnology, Ulm University of Applied Sciences, Ulm, Germany","Institute of Microwave, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4566-7314","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Microtechnology, Ulm University of Applied Sciences, Ulm, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163522"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microwave, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091182949","display_name":"Timo Gessler","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163522","display_name":"Technische Hochschule Ulm","ror":"https://ror.org/05e5kd476","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163522"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timo Gessler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Microtechnology, Ulm University of Applied Sciences, Ulm, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Microtechnology, Ulm University of Applied Sciences, Ulm, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163522"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101552699","display_name":"Thomas Walter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2266-5519"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163522","display_name":"Technische Hochschule Ulm","ror":"https://ror.org/05e5kd476","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163522"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Walter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Microtechnology, Ulm University of Applied Sciences, Ulm, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2266-5519","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Microtechnology, Ulm University of Applied Sciences, Ulm, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163522"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048233311","display_name":"Christian Waldschmidt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2090-6136"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196349391","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Ulm","ror":"https://ror.org/032000t02","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Waldschmidt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microwave, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2090-6136","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microwave, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":3.7586,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93245604,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":null,"first_page":"2493","last_page":"2502"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10577","display_name":"Hydrology and Sediment Transport Processes","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10577","display_name":"Hydrology and Sediment Transport Processes","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.719000518321991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5907185673713684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5108458399772644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chirp","display_name":"Chirp","score":0.49240171909332275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/envelope","display_name":"Envelope (radar)","score":0.4685403108596802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-wave-radar","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","score":0.4673220217227936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fourier-transform","display_name":"Fourier transform","score":0.44069704413414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.4296698570251465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.3566538691520691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.34154048562049866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.19835060834884644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10498619079589844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.09697109460830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08912181854248047}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.719000518321991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5907185673713684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5108458399772644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132794960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27304","display_name":"Chirp","level":3,"score":0.49240171909332275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65155139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5380912","display_name":"Envelope (radar)","level":3,"score":0.4685403108596802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59584813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029234","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","level":4,"score":0.4673220217227936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102519508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6520159","display_name":"Fourier transform","level":2,"score":0.44069704413414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.4296698570251465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3566538691520691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.34154048562049866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19835060834884644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10498619079589844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.09697109460830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08912181854248047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2022.3157469","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2022.3157469","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9656571/09730069.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:22757dcc3e2d427eb6e10f47b534298a","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/22757dcc3e2d427eb6e10f47b534298a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Pp 2493-2502 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2022.3157469","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2022.3157469","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9656571/09730069.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325530","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Ulm","ror":"https://ror.org/032000t02"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332065","display_name":"Technische Hochschule Ulm","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4226112422.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4226112422.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1578956430","https://openalex.org/W1917995517","https://openalex.org/W1967295713","https://openalex.org/W1974502988","https://openalex.org/W1988572312","https://openalex.org/W2001002012","https://openalex.org/W2011203919","https://openalex.org/W2036852722","https://openalex.org/W2046507055","https://openalex.org/W2059105952","https://openalex.org/W2082567858","https://openalex.org/W2103820819","https://openalex.org/W2135352858","https://openalex.org/W2142174218","https://openalex.org/W2146580545","https://openalex.org/W2149455584","https://openalex.org/W2181725612","https://openalex.org/W2295751062","https://openalex.org/W2783950513","https://openalex.org/W2945396238","https://openalex.org/W2966779994","https://openalex.org/W3007744350","https://openalex.org/W3036272101","https://openalex.org/W4298360804","https://openalex.org/W6771554920"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2142793224","https://openalex.org/W2904197056","https://openalex.org/W2892233029","https://openalex.org/W2759710661","https://openalex.org/W4210638523","https://openalex.org/W604796468","https://openalex.org/W4285814362","https://openalex.org/W2103897432","https://openalex.org/W4296425733","https://openalex.org/W3209314847"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Today\u2019s":[0],"warning":[1],"systems":[2,18,192],"for":[3,36,103,112,147,163,184],"floods":[4],"or":[5,26],"droughts":[6],"require":[7],"sensor":[8],"applications":[9],"that":[10,188],"provide":[11,19,59],"a":[12,44,47,84,130,144],"vast":[13],"array":[14],"of":[15,39,68,91,116],"information.":[16],"Current":[17],"insight":[20],"into":[21],"either":[22],"the":[23,27,37,40,92,114,117,123,136,156,170,177],"water":[24],"level":[25],"river":[28,118,148],"velocity.":[29],"In":[30,175],"order":[31],"to":[32,108,134,142,181,196],"obtain":[33,109],"additional":[34,69,110],"parameters":[35],"characterization":[38],"flow":[41,149,186],"behavior":[42,115],"in":[43,74,129,140],"noncontact":[45],"manner,":[46],"frequency-modulated":[48],"continuous-wave":[49],"radar":[50,87,200],"with":[51,83,193],"chirp":[52],"sequence":[53],"is":[54],"used.":[55],"Since":[56],"these":[57],"sensors":[58],"range":[60],"and":[61],"velocity":[62,173],"information":[63,157],"but":[64],"also":[65],"enable":[66,189],"gathering":[67],"parameters.":[70],"The":[71,89],"presented":[72],"measurements":[73],"this":[75,121],"contribution":[76],"were":[77],"performed":[78],"at":[79],"four":[80],"different":[81,164],"rivers":[82,198],"commercially":[85],"available":[86],"sensor.":[88],"results":[90],"classical":[93],"postprocessed":[94],"2-D":[95],"fast":[96],"Fourier":[97],"transform":[98],"are":[99,127],"used":[100],"as":[101],"basis":[102],"an":[104],"imagewise":[105],"processing":[106,135],"approach":[107],"features":[111,162,183],"classifying":[113],"surface.":[119],"For":[120],"purpose,":[122],"framewise":[124],"enveloping":[125],"velocities":[126],"depicted":[128],"time":[131,159],"sequence.":[132],"Due":[133],"detected":[137],"reflection":[138],"patterns":[139],"relation":[141],"time,":[143],"characteristic":[145,161,182],"pattern":[146],"profiles":[150],"can":[151,166],"be":[152,167],"extracted.":[153],"By":[154],"reducing":[155],"using":[158,199],"averaging,":[160],"flows":[165],"extracted":[168],"from":[169],"spatial":[171],"envelope":[172],"distribution.":[174],"particular,":[176],"resulting":[178],"insights":[179],"lead":[180],"single":[185],"distributions":[187],"novel":[190],"monitoring":[191],"new":[194],"possibilities":[195],"classify":[197],"sensors.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
