{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4213359093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2022.3151928","title":"Small Target Detection From Infrared Remote Sensing Images Using Local Adaptive Thresholding","display_name":"Small Target Detection From Infrared Remote Sensing Images Using Local Adaptive Thresholding","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4213359093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2022.3151928"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2022.3151928","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2022.3151928","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9656571/09714810.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9656571/09714810.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100682571","display_name":"Chang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5900-5629"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Image Processing Center, School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5900-5629","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image Processing Center, School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052196775","display_name":"Fengying Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5681-2345"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fengying Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Image Processing Center, School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5681-2345","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image Processing Center, School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103194465","display_name":"Xiaomeng Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2869-7159"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194716290","display_name":"China Academy of Space Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/025397a59","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194716290","https://openalex.org/I2802615301"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaomeng Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194716290"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049629115","display_name":"Hongxia Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8142-7011"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194716290","display_name":"China Academy of Space Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/025397a59","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194716290","https://openalex.org/I2802615301"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongxia Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194716290"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100729435","display_name":"Haopeng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1981-8307"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haopeng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Image Processing Center, School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1981-8307","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image Processing Center, School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":19.2719,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98997193,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":null,"first_page":"1941","last_page":"1952"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thresholding","display_name":"Thresholding","score":0.7746278047561646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7665274143218994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clutter","display_name":"Clutter","score":0.7359890341758728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7075085043907166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6459159851074219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.596967875957489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5365659594535828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-alarm","display_name":"False alarm","score":0.5342769622802734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5322784185409546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.3916122317314148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.07191738486289978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.06106415390968323}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191178318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2256906","display_name":"Thresholding","level":3,"score":0.7746278047561646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7665274143218994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.7359890341758728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7075085043907166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6459159851074219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.596967875957489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5365659594535828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776836416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364844","display_name":"False alarm","level":2,"score":0.5342769622802734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5322784185409546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3916122317314148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.07191738486289978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.06106415390968323}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2022.3151928","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2022.3151928","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9656571/09714810.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6d3abbe86e8640ab8578a511473973e9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6d3abbe86e8640ab8578a511473973e9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Pp 1941-1952 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2022.3151928","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2022.3151928","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9656571/09714810.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4547579823","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"4192032","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7781362149","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8eWSI\u7684\u75c5\u7406\u56fe\u50cf\u8f85\u52a9\u8bca\u65ad\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61771031","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7800108215","display_name":"\u76ae\u80a4\u955c\u56fe\u50cf\u591a\u5206\u7c7b\u7b97\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61871011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4213359093.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4213359093.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978993121","https://openalex.org/W1983680350","https://openalex.org/W1985246605","https://openalex.org/W1992873714","https://openalex.org/W2003825418","https://openalex.org/W2004491663","https://openalex.org/W2006851788","https://openalex.org/W2011147915","https://openalex.org/W2032896495","https://openalex.org/W2035159765","https://openalex.org/W2041560658","https://openalex.org/W2041646550","https://openalex.org/W2041888557","https://openalex.org/W2080197848","https://openalex.org/W2129500293","https://openalex.org/W2166691113","https://openalex.org/W2167708128","https://openalex.org/W2470036451","https://openalex.org/W2480078828","https://openalex.org/W2594017825","https://openalex.org/W2604768956","https://openalex.org/W2625219738","https://openalex.org/W2741058951","https://openalex.org/W2770868881","https://openalex.org/W2771252144","https://openalex.org/W2780449407","https://openalex.org/W2904893761","https://openalex.org/W2912919760","https://openalex.org/W2930504574","https://openalex.org/W2942839421","https://openalex.org/W2947066337","https://openalex.org/W2950740535","https://openalex.org/W2989231986","https://openalex.org/W2991758591","https://openalex.org/W3001427728","https://openalex.org/W3010079414","https://openalex.org/W3034063317","https://openalex.org/W3087883793","https://openalex.org/W3110352253","https://openalex.org/W3133742914"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2130674020","https://openalex.org/W2093748878","https://openalex.org/W2333771223","https://openalex.org/W2120056845","https://openalex.org/W1542224353","https://openalex.org/W1981531423","https://openalex.org/W1661087619","https://openalex.org/W2011939812","https://openalex.org/W3140584830","https://openalex.org/W1989793085"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Small":[0],"target":[1,34,54,69,79,98,127,176],"detection":[2,183],"from":[3,35,88],"the":[4,32,36,42,53,57,78,89,104,119,123,151,185],"infrared":[5,37,43],"remote":[6,38],"sensing":[7,39],"image":[8,44,59,91],"is":[9,28,45,60,86,96,134,140],"a":[10,16,48,63,68,82,97,135,143],"challenge":[11],"task.":[12],"In":[13],"this":[14],"article,":[15],"novel":[17],"local":[18,83,136,145],"adaptive":[19,84,132],"threshold":[20,85,137],"algorithm":[21],"combined":[22],"with":[23,174],"heterogeneity":[24,49,111],"and":[25,102,113,125,147,154,158,166,178,181],"compactness":[26,64,114],"filters":[27],"proposed":[29,131,186],"to":[30,51,66,92],"detect":[31],"small":[33,144],"images.":[40,168],"First,":[41],"filtered":[46,61],"by":[47,62],"filter":[50,65,112,115],"enhance":[52,122],"saliency.":[55],"Then,":[56],"enhanced":[58,90],"generate":[67,126],"candidate":[70,80,128],"region":[71],"map.":[72],"Finally,":[73],"for":[74],"each":[75],"pixel":[76,99],"in":[77,142],"region,":[81],"calculated":[87,141],"determine":[93],"whether":[94],"it":[95],"or":[100],"not,":[101],"thus,":[103],"targets":[105],"are":[106,161],"extracted":[107],"out.":[108],"The":[109,130,169],"designed":[110],"can":[116,148],"effectively":[117,149],"suppress":[118],"background":[120,179],"clutter,":[121],"target,":[124],"regions.":[129],"thresholding":[133],"method,":[138],"which":[139],"window":[146],"reduce":[150],"false":[152],"alarm":[153],"missing":[155],"alarm.":[156],"Qualitative":[157],"quantitative":[159],"experiments":[160],"conducted":[162],"on":[163],"synthetic":[164],"images":[165],"real":[167],"experiment":[170],"results":[171],"show":[172],"that,":[173],"good":[175],"enhancement":[177],"suppression,":[180],"high":[182],"accuracy,":[184],"method":[187],"outperforms":[188],"other":[189],"state-of-the-art":[190],"methods.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
