{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206734830","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3134021","title":"Simulated Geophysical Noise in Sea Ice Concentration Estimates of Open Water and Snow-Covered Sea Ice","display_name":"Simulated Geophysical Noise in Sea Ice Concentration Estimates of Open Water and Snow-Covered Sea Ice","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206734830","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3134021"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2021.3134021","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3134021","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/09645264.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/09645264.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022902118","display_name":"Rasmus Tonboe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1463-4832"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285790362","display_name":"Finnish Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05hppb561","country_code":"FI","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1284112523","https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1314042554","display_name":"Norwegian Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/001n36p86","country_code":"NO","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1314042554"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159176309","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00g30e956","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180437899","display_name":"University of Bremen","ror":"https://ror.org/04ers2y35","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32686375","display_name":"Danish Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/020m6x732","country_code":"DK","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32686375","https://openalex.org/I4210102581"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46247651","display_name":"University of Manitoba","ror":"https://ror.org/02gfys938","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/04qtj9h94","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}],"countries":["CA","DE","DK","FI","NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rasmus T. Tonboe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Space, Technical University of Denmark, 5205 Lyngby, Denmark, 2800 (e-mail: rtt@space.dtu.dk)","University of Bremen, Germany,","Danish Meteorological Institute, Denmark","University of Hamburg, Germany,","Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark,","Finnish Meteorological Institute, Finland","University of Manitoba, Canada","Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Norway,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1463-4832","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Space, Technical University of Denmark, 5205 Lyngby, Denmark, 2800 (e-mail: rtt@space.dtu.dk)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bremen, Germany,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Danish Meteorological Institute, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32686375"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Hamburg, Germany,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Meteorological Institute, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Manitoba, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Norway,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1314042554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066059700","display_name":"Vishnu Nandan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9643-6658"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285790362","display_name":"Finnish Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05hppb561","country_code":"FI","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1284112523","https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1314042554","display_name":"Norwegian Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/001n36p86","country_code":"NO","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1314042554"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159176309","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00g30e956","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180437899","display_name":"University of Bremen","ror":"https://ror.org/04ers2y35","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32686375","display_name":"Danish Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/020m6x732","country_code":"DK","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32686375","https://openalex.org/I4210102581"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46247651","display_name":"University of Manitoba","ror":"https://ror.org/02gfys938","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/04qtj9h94","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}],"countries":["CA","DE","DK","FI","NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vishnu Nandan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, 8664 Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, (e-mail: vishnu.nandan@umanitoba.ca)","Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Norway,","University of Bremen, Germany,","Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark,","University of Manitoba, Canada","Danish Meteorological Institute, Denmark","Finnish Meteorological Institute, Finland","University of Hamburg, Germany,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, 8664 Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, (e-mail: vishnu.nandan@umanitoba.ca)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Norway,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1314042554"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bremen, Germany,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Manitoba, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Danish Meteorological Institute, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32686375"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Meteorological Institute, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Hamburg, Germany,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069744032","display_name":"Marko M\u00e4kynen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1250-6300"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285790362","display_name":"Finnish Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05hppb561","country_code":"FI","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1284112523","https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1314042554","display_name":"Norwegian Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/001n36p86","country_code":"NO","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1314042554"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159176309","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00g30e956","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180437899","display_name":"University of Bremen","ror":"https://ror.org/04ers2y35","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32686375","display_name":"Danish Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/020m6x732","country_code":"DK","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32686375","https://openalex.org/I4210102581"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46247651","display_name":"University of Manitoba","ror":"https://ror.org/02gfys938","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/04qtj9h94","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}],"countries":["CA","DE","DK","FI","NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marko Makynen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Marine Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland, Finland, FI-00101 (e-mail: marko.makynen@fmi.fi)","University of Bremen, Germany,","University of Hamburg, Germany,","University of Manitoba, Canada","Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Norway,","Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark,","Finnish Meteorological Institute, Finland","Danish Meteorological Institute, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1250-6300","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marine Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland, Finland, FI-00101 (e-mail: marko.makynen@fmi.fi)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bremen, Germany,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Hamburg, Germany,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Manitoba, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Norway,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1314042554"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Meteorological Institute, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Danish Meteorological Institute, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32686375"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056017119","display_name":"Leif Toudal Pedersen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7913-6282"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285790362","display_name":"Finnish Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05hppb561","country_code":"FI","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1284112523","https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1314042554","display_name":"Norwegian Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/001n36p86","country_code":"NO","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1314042554"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159176309","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00g30e956","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180437899","display_name":"University of Bremen","ror":"https://ror.org/04ers2y35","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32686375","display_name":"Danish Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/020m6x732","country_code":"DK","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32686375","https://openalex.org/I4210102581"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46247651","display_name":"University of Manitoba","ror":"https://ror.org/02gfys938","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/04qtj9h94","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}],"countries":["CA","DE","DK","FI","NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leif Toudal Pedersen","raw_affiliation_strings":["DTU Space, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet, Lyngby, Denmark, 2800 (e-mail: ltp@space.dtu.dk)","Danish Meteorological Institute, Denmark","Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark,","Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Norway,","University of Manitoba, Canada","University of Bremen, Germany,","Finnish Meteorological Institute, Finland","University of Hamburg, Germany,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7913-6282","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DTU Space, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet, Lyngby, Denmark, 2800 (e-mail: ltp@space.dtu.dk)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Danish Meteorological Institute, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32686375"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Norway,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1314042554"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Manitoba, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bremen, Germany,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Meteorological Institute, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Hamburg, Germany,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026651739","display_name":"Stefan Kern","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7281-3746"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285790362","display_name":"Finnish Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05hppb561","country_code":"FI","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1284112523","https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1314042554","display_name":"Norwegian Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/001n36p86","country_code":"NO","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1314042554"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159176309","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00g30e956","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180437899","display_name":"University of Bremen","ror":"https://ror.org/04ers2y35","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32686375","display_name":"Danish Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/020m6x732","country_code":"DK","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32686375","https://openalex.org/I4210102581"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46247651","display_name":"University of Manitoba","ror":"https://ror.org/02gfys938","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/04qtj9h94","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}],"countries":["CA","DE","DK","FI","NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Kern","raw_affiliation_strings":["Climate System Analysis and Prediction (CliSAP), University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, D-20144 (e-mail: stefan.kern@uni-hamburg.de)","University of Manitoba, Canada","Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark,","Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Norway,","University of Hamburg, Germany,","University of Bremen, Germany,","Finnish Meteorological Institute, Finland","Danish Meteorological Institute, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7281-3746","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Climate System Analysis and Prediction (CliSAP), University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, D-20144 (e-mail: stefan.kern@uni-hamburg.de)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Manitoba, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Norway,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1314042554"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Hamburg, Germany,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bremen, Germany,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Meteorological Institute, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Danish Meteorological Institute, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32686375"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100774746","display_name":"Thomas Lavergne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9498-4551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285790362","display_name":"Finnish Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05hppb561","country_code":"FI","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1284112523","https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1314042554","display_name":"Norwegian Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/001n36p86","country_code":"NO","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1314042554"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159176309","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00g30e956","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180437899","display_name":"University of Bremen","ror":"https://ror.org/04ers2y35","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32686375","display_name":"Danish Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/020m6x732","country_code":"DK","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32686375","https://openalex.org/I4210102581"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46247651","display_name":"University of Manitoba","ror":"https://ror.org/02gfys938","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/04qtj9h94","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}],"countries":["CA","DE","DK","FI","NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Lavergne","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research and Development Department, Norwegian Meteorological Institute, 114311 Oslo, Norway, (e-mail: thomas.lavergne@met.no)","University of Manitoba, Canada","Finnish Meteorological Institute, Finland","Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark,","University of Hamburg, Germany,","University of Bremen, Germany,","Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Norway,","Danish Meteorological Institute, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Development Department, Norwegian Meteorological Institute, 114311 Oslo, Norway, (e-mail: thomas.lavergne@met.no)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1314042554"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Manitoba, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Meteorological Institute, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Hamburg, Germany,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bremen, Germany,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Norway,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1314042554"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Danish Meteorological Institute, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32686375"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001318226","display_name":"Johanne \u00d8elund","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2347-2097"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285790362","display_name":"Finnish Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05hppb561","country_code":"FI","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1284112523","https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1314042554","display_name":"Norwegian Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/001n36p86","country_code":"NO","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1314042554"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159176309","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00g30e956","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180437899","display_name":"University of Bremen","ror":"https://ror.org/04ers2y35","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32686375","display_name":"Danish Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/020m6x732","country_code":"DK","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32686375","https://openalex.org/I4210102581"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46247651","display_name":"University of Manitoba","ror":"https://ror.org/02gfys938","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/04qtj9h94","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}],"countries":["CA","DE","DK","FI","NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johanne Oelund","raw_affiliation_strings":["Finnish Meteorological Institute, Finland","University of Hamburg, Germany,","University of Manitoba, Canada","Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark,","University of Bremen, Germany,","Danish Meteorological Institute, Denmark","Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Norway,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Meteorological Institute, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Hamburg, Germany,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Manitoba, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bremen, Germany,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Danish Meteorological Institute, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32686375"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Norway,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1314042554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083360869","display_name":"Gorm Dybkj\u00e6r","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285790362","display_name":"Finnish Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05hppb561","country_code":"FI","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1284112523","https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1314042554","display_name":"Norwegian Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/001n36p86","country_code":"NO","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1314042554"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159176309","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00g30e956","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180437899","display_name":"University of Bremen","ror":"https://ror.org/04ers2y35","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32686375","display_name":"Danish Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/020m6x732","country_code":"DK","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32686375","https://openalex.org/I4210102581"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46247651","display_name":"University of Manitoba","ror":"https://ror.org/02gfys938","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/04qtj9h94","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}],"countries":["CA","DE","DK","FI","NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gorm Dybkjaer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Danish Meteorological Institute, Denmark","Finnish Meteorological Institute, Finland","University of Manitoba, Canada","University of Hamburg, Germany,","Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark,","University of Bremen, Germany,","Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Norway,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Danish Meteorological Institute, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32686375"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Meteorological Institute, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Manitoba, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Hamburg, Germany,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bremen, Germany,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Norway,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1314042554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028595319","display_name":"Roberto Saldo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4716-438X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285790362","display_name":"Finnish Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05hppb561","country_code":"FI","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1284112523","https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1314042554","display_name":"Norwegian Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/001n36p86","country_code":"NO","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1314042554"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159176309","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00g30e956","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180437899","display_name":"University of Bremen","ror":"https://ror.org/04ers2y35","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32686375","display_name":"Danish Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/020m6x732","country_code":"DK","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32686375","https://openalex.org/I4210102581"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46247651","display_name":"University of Manitoba","ror":"https://ror.org/02gfys938","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/04qtj9h94","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}],"countries":["CA","DE","DK","FI","NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberto Saldo","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 5205 Lyngby, Denmark, (e-mail: rs@space.dtu.dk)","University of Bremen, Germany,","Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark,","Finnish Meteorological Institute, Finland","University of Hamburg, Germany,","Danish Meteorological Institute, Denmark","University of Manitoba, Canada","Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Norway,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4716-438X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 5205 Lyngby, Denmark, (e-mail: rs@space.dtu.dk)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bremen, Germany,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Meteorological Institute, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Hamburg, Germany,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Danish Meteorological Institute, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32686375"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Manitoba, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Norway,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1314042554"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014816071","display_name":"Marcus Huntemann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9110-001X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285790362","display_name":"Finnish Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05hppb561","country_code":"FI","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1284112523","https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1314042554","display_name":"Norwegian Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/001n36p86","country_code":"NO","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1314042554"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159176309","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00g30e956","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180437899","display_name":"University of Bremen","ror":"https://ror.org/04ers2y35","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32686375","display_name":"Danish Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/020m6x732","country_code":"DK","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32686375","https://openalex.org/I4210102581"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46247651","display_name":"University of Manitoba","ror":"https://ror.org/02gfys938","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/04qtj9h94","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}],"countries":["CA","DE","DK","FI","NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcus Huntemann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, 9168 Bremen, Bremen, Germany, (e-mail: marcus.huntemann@uni-bremen.de)","University of Hamburg, Germany,","University of Manitoba, Canada","Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Norway,","Danish Meteorological Institute, Denmark","Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark,","Finnish Meteorological Institute, Finland","University of Bremen, Germany,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, 9168 Bremen, Bremen, Germany, (e-mail: marcus.huntemann@uni-bremen.de)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Hamburg, Germany,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Manitoba, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Norway,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1314042554"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Danish Meteorological Institute, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32686375"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Meteorological Institute, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bremen, Germany,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":2.05,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8646327,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":null,"first_page":"1309","last_page":"1326"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9890999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-ice","display_name":"Sea ice","score":0.7237310409545898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow","display_name":"Snow","score":0.7117358446121216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-ice-thickness","display_name":"Sea ice thickness","score":0.6781179904937744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-ice-concentration","display_name":"Sea ice concentration","score":0.657010555267334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.6484930515289307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-water","display_name":"Open water","score":0.4992673397064209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4229663610458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryosphere","display_name":"Cryosphere","score":0.40952980518341064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4021160304546356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.4000290632247925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geophysics","display_name":"Geophysics","score":0.3635890781879425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.34524065256118774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.30763912200927734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geomorphology","display_name":"Geomorphology","score":0.22337594628334045}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136894858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213926","display_name":"Sea ice","level":2,"score":0.7237310409545898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.7117358446121216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149767477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7440066","display_name":"Sea ice thickness","level":4,"score":0.6781179904937744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194520297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7440064","display_name":"Sea ice concentration","level":5,"score":0.657010555267334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.6484930515289307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988608701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3329332","display_name":"Open water","level":2,"score":0.4992673397064209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4229663610458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197435368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q493109","display_name":"Cryosphere","level":3,"score":0.40952980518341064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4021160304546356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.4000290632247925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.3635890781879425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.34524065256118774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.30763912200927734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.22337594628334045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2021.3134021","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3134021","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/09645264.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3cb28648ebe1409b9e8b74ddd2cbd710","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3cb28648ebe1409b9e8b74ddd2cbd710","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Pp 1309-1326 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/aeedef32-efd3-4052-b2b1-5043c5006c8b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/aeedef32-efd3-4052-b2b1-5043c5006c8b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400705","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark, DTU Orbit (Technical University of Denmark, DTU)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Denmark","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Tonboe , R , Nandan , V , Makynen , M P , Pedersen , L T , Kern , S , Lavergne , T , elund , J , Dybkjar , G , Saldo , R &amp; Huntemann , M 2022 , ' Simulated Geophysical Noise in Sea Ice Concentration Estimates of Open Water and Snow-covered Sea Ice ' , IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing , vol. 15 , pp. 1309-1326 . https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2021.3134021","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2021.3134021","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3134021","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/09645264.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","score":0.7799999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1731759029","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"420499875","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206734830.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206734830.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W26381515","https://openalex.org/W253374619","https://openalex.org/W1645666641","https://openalex.org/W1970590897","https://openalex.org/W1976198585","https://openalex.org/W1977962553","https://openalex.org/W1990782541","https://openalex.org/W1993646921","https://openalex.org/W2024398121","https://openalex.org/W2056218351","https://openalex.org/W2072189936","https://openalex.org/W2080367660","https://openalex.org/W2084187322","https://openalex.org/W2086497314","https://openalex.org/W2090249381","https://openalex.org/W2096046898","https://openalex.org/W2098136734","https://openalex.org/W2111818097","https://openalex.org/W2114679477","https://openalex.org/W2144462256","https://openalex.org/W2146220215","https://openalex.org/W2149635781","https://openalex.org/W2150178171","https://openalex.org/W2151464938","https://openalex.org/W2153631133","https://openalex.org/W2524149850","https://openalex.org/W2594514167","https://openalex.org/W2883803127","https://openalex.org/W2894997012","https://openalex.org/W2901685598","https://openalex.org/W2950639920","https://openalex.org/W3002734601","https://openalex.org/W3007689827","https://openalex.org/W3044897029","https://openalex.org/W3130803710","https://openalex.org/W4246921712","https://openalex.org/W4254890554","https://openalex.org/W4292997054","https://openalex.org/W4394545049","https://openalex.org/W6609590549","https://openalex.org/W6749488056","https://openalex.org/W6863591054","https://openalex.org/W6885000690"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4234822209","https://openalex.org/W2898036457","https://openalex.org/W1965960228","https://openalex.org/W2100567581","https://openalex.org/W821375687","https://openalex.org/W2118389506","https://openalex.org/W2127878621","https://openalex.org/W2150420864","https://openalex.org/W2173492565","https://openalex.org/W752721605"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sea":[0],"ice":[1,17,21,26,48],"concentration":[2,18],"algorithms":[3,124,143,164,197,211,226],"using":[4,88,144,166],"brightness":[5],"temperatures":[6],"(<i>T<sub>B</sub></i>)":[7],"from":[8],"satellite":[9],"microwave":[10,50],"radiometers":[11],"are":[12],"used":[13],"to":[14,35,42,78,158,216],"compute":[15],"sea":[16,20,25,102,178,219],"(<i>c<sub>ice</sub></i>),":[19],"extent,":[22],"and":[23,54,59,82,99,112,115,131,140,150,191,206],"generate":[24],"climate":[27],"data":[28],"records":[29],"(CDRs).":[30],"Therefore,":[31],"it":[32],"is":[33,198],"important":[34],"minimize":[36],"the":[37,62,72,92,110,113,127,155,159,163,174,180,192,213,222,228],"sensitivity":[38,157,215],"of":[39,56,74,91,123,129,225],"<i>c<sub>ice</sub></i>":[40,80,84,118,193],"estimates":[41],"geophysical":[43,75,160],"noise":[44,76,217,230],"caused":[45],"by":[46,172],"snow/sea":[47],"thermal":[49],"emission":[51],"signature":[52],"variations,":[53],"presence":[55],"water":[57,98,139,190],"vapor":[58],"clouds":[60],"in":[61],"atmosphere":[63,93,181],"and/or":[64],"near-surface":[65],"winds.":[66],"In":[67],"this":[68],"study,":[69],"we":[70],"investigate":[71],"effect":[73],"leading":[77],"systematic":[79],"biases":[81],"affecting":[83],"standard":[85],"deviations":[86],"(STD)":[87],"simulated":[89],"top":[90],"(TOA)":[94],"<i>T<sub>B</sub></i>s":[95,153],"over":[96,137,188,201,218],"open":[97,138,189,202],"100":[100],"%":[101],"ice.":[103],"We":[104],"consider":[105],"three":[106],"case":[107],"studies":[108],"for":[109,195],"Arctic":[111],"Antarctic":[114],"eight":[116],"different":[117,121],"algorithms,":[119],"representing":[120],"families":[122],"based":[125],"on":[126],"selection":[128],"channels":[130,170],"methodologies.":[132],"Our":[133],"simulations":[134],"show":[135],"that,":[136],"low":[141,207],"<i>c<sub>ice</sub></i>,":[142],"gradients":[145],"between":[146],"V-polarized":[147],"19":[148],"GHz":[149,152,169],"37":[151],"shows":[154],"lowest":[156,214],"noise,":[161],"while":[162,221],"exclusively":[165],"near":[167],"90":[168],"have":[171,212,227],"far":[173],"highest":[175,229],"sensitivity.":[176],"Over":[177],"ice,":[179,220],"plays":[182],"a":[183],"much":[184],"smaller":[185,199],"role":[186],"than":[187,200],"STD":[194],"all":[196],"water.":[203],"The":[204],"hybrid":[205],"frequency":[208],"(6":[209],"GHz)":[210],"polarization":[223],"type":[224],"levels.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
