{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206161354","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3133513","title":"Estimation of Snow Mass Information via Assimilation of C-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar Backscatter Observations Into an Advanced Land Surface Model","display_name":"Estimation of Snow Mass Information via Assimilation of C-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar Backscatter Observations Into an Advanced Land Surface Model","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206161354","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3133513"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2021.3133513","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3133513","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9656571/09640492.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9656571/09640492.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054384502","display_name":"Jong-Min Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7110-4881"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306266525","display_name":"Goddard Space Flight Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0171mag52","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1329765538","display_name":"Universities Space Research Association","ror":"https://ror.org/043pgqy52","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1329765538"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jongmin Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA","Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1329765538"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077325118","display_name":"Barton A. Forman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6410-9978"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barton A. Forman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088696834","display_name":"Sujay V. Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8797-9482"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306266525","display_name":"Goddard Space Flight Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0171mag52","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sujay V. Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hydrological Science Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hydrological Science Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054384502"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525","https://openalex.org/I1329765538"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":0.4822,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64306506,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":null,"first_page":"862","last_page":"875"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow","display_name":"Snow","score":0.6164028644561768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5440970063209534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-assimilation","display_name":"Data assimilation","score":0.4468013644218445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4344692826271057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4252159595489502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.41770032048225403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.34078848361968994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3392508625984192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.2152368426322937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.21279031038284302}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.6164028644561768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5440970063209534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24552861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2670177","display_name":"Data assimilation","level":2,"score":0.4468013644218445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4344692826271057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4252159595489502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.41770032048225403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.34078848361968994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3392508625984192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.2152368426322937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.21279031038284302}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2021.3133513","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3133513","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9656571/09640492.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b43801a0096c4c3581bc2769c131ab81","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b43801a0096c4c3581bc2769c131ab81","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Pp 862-875 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2021.3133513","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3133513","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9656571/09640492.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7895516993","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Belgium","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322308","funder_display_name":"KU Leuven"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317236","display_name":"Maryland Advanced Research Computing Center","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318240","display_name":"European Space Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03wd9za21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320420","display_name":"Grains Research and Development Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/02xwr1996"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322308","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322603","display_name":"Universiteit Gent","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332377","display_name":"Goddard Space Flight Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0171mag52"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206161354.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206161354.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":89,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1244545783","https://openalex.org/W1535365902","https://openalex.org/W1538302247","https://openalex.org/W1970641180","https://openalex.org/W1979269223","https://openalex.org/W1984670836","https://openalex.org/W1987288027","https://openalex.org/W1990874001","https://openalex.org/W1994660396","https://openalex.org/W1995598225","https://openalex.org/W1995622703","https://openalex.org/W1996099728","https://openalex.org/W2002604925","https://openalex.org/W2002791311","https://openalex.org/W2003559248","https://openalex.org/W2007582554","https://openalex.org/W2009104157","https://openalex.org/W2011911270","https://openalex.org/W2019676969","https://openalex.org/W2020066390","https://openalex.org/W2027216190","https://openalex.org/W2033904036","https://openalex.org/W2043802636","https://openalex.org/W2054931556","https://openalex.org/W2055369549","https://openalex.org/W2056924803","https://openalex.org/W2062422913","https://openalex.org/W2062931937","https://openalex.org/W2067144172","https://openalex.org/W2071209514","https://openalex.org/W2073353017","https://openalex.org/W2075555234","https://openalex.org/W2077077296","https://openalex.org/W2083093485","https://openalex.org/W2084170744","https://openalex.org/W2090752675","https://openalex.org/W2094795242","https://openalex.org/W2098886339","https://openalex.org/W2125527778","https://openalex.org/W2126076322","https://openalex.org/W2129895485","https://openalex.org/W2131401661","https://openalex.org/W2135015721","https://openalex.org/W2135902443","https://openalex.org/W2139839928","https://openalex.org/W2146846308","https://openalex.org/W2150976842","https://openalex.org/W2153117892","https://openalex.org/W2153901968","https://openalex.org/W2155430272","https://openalex.org/W2159769116","https://openalex.org/W2160741281","https://openalex.org/W2172996688","https://openalex.org/W2178662488","https://openalex.org/W2341158511","https://openalex.org/W2506799294","https://openalex.org/W2511497341","https://openalex.org/W2525410765","https://openalex.org/W2605998540","https://openalex.org/W2611772571","https://openalex.org/W2622143148","https://openalex.org/W2760881119","https://openalex.org/W2766969087","https://openalex.org/W2792379584","https://openalex.org/W2801606895","https://openalex.org/W2889450552","https://openalex.org/W2899727215","https://openalex.org/W2900412547","https://openalex.org/W2907257857","https://openalex.org/W2909187201","https://openalex.org/W2922081682","https://openalex.org/W2937079534","https://openalex.org/W2940706257","https://openalex.org/W2964397832","https://openalex.org/W2969738668","https://openalex.org/W2974012096","https://openalex.org/W2977422968","https://openalex.org/W2979460632","https://openalex.org/W2979582497","https://openalex.org/W2981767077","https://openalex.org/W2995985781","https://openalex.org/W2998968101","https://openalex.org/W3009020738","https://openalex.org/W3023496898","https://openalex.org/W3121159171","https://openalex.org/W4242609942","https://openalex.org/W4249788616","https://openalex.org/W6628188352","https://openalex.org/W6770913437"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2910852340","https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W2913143114","https://openalex.org/W1965757266","https://openalex.org/W1975930865","https://openalex.org/W2060524912","https://openalex.org/W2314704010","https://openalex.org/W1584003442","https://openalex.org/W4399703474","https://openalex.org/W2317224478"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"assimilated":[2],"Sentinel-1":[3,138,234],"C-band":[4,205,273],"backscatter":[5,206],"observations":[6],"over":[7,207,276],"snow-covered":[8],"terrain":[9],"into":[10],"the":[11,29,54,57,93,114,162,173,191,197,201,214,242,271],"Noah-Multiparameterization":[12],"land":[13],"surface":[14],"model":[15],"using":[16,233],"support":[17],"vector":[18],"machine":[19],"(SVM)":[20],"regression":[21],"and":[22,83,110,125,157,176],"an":[23,259],"ensemble":[24],"Kalman":[25],"filter":[26],"to":[27,48,120,161,196,225],"improve":[28],"modeled":[30],"terrestrial":[31,278],"snow":[32,67,174,177,192,264,279],"mass":[33,265],"estimates.":[34],"The":[35],"data":[36],"assimilation":[37],"(DA)":[38],"experiment":[39],"was":[40,63],"conducted":[41],"across":[42],"Western":[43],"Colorado":[44],"from":[45,137],"September":[46],"2016":[47],"August":[49],"2017.":[50],"As":[51],"part":[52],"of":[53,59,116,134,151,204,213,270],"DA":[55,73,266],"experiments,":[56],"impact":[58],"a":[60,187],"rule-based":[61,94,103],"update":[62,104],"evaluated":[64],"by":[65],"comparing":[66],"water":[68],"equivalent":[69],"(SWE)":[70],"estimates":[71,118,136,166,216,223],"via":[72],"(with":[74],"[":[75,85],"<inline-formula":[76,86,126,139,235],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[77,87,127,140,227,236],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><tex-math":[78,88,128,141,237],"notation=\"LaTeX\">${\\rm":[79,89,129,142,238],"{DA}}_{\\rm":[80,90,130,143,239],"{v1}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[81,144,240],"]":[82,92],"without":[84],"{v2}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[91,131],"update)":[95],"against":[96,145],"SNOTEL":[97,146],"SWE":[98,117,135,147,165,215],"measurements.":[99,230],"Results":[100],"confirmed":[101],"that":[102,149,252],"helped":[105],"minimize":[106],"SVM":[107,255],"controllability":[108],"issues,":[109],"in":[111,155,200,219],"turn,":[112],"improved":[113,241],"accuracy":[115],"relative":[119,160],"both":[121,172],"open":[122],"loop":[123],"(OL)":[124],".":[132],"Comparison":[133],"revealed":[148],"75%":[150],"stations":[152],"showed":[153,168,186],"improvements":[154,170],"bias":[156],"correlation":[158],"coefficient":[159],"OL.":[163],"Assimilated":[164],"also":[167,217],"statistical":[169],"during":[171,190],"accumulation":[175],"ablation":[178,193],"periods.":[179],"However,":[180],"unbiased":[181],"root":[182],"mean":[183],"square":[184],"error":[185],"slight":[188],"increase":[189],"period":[194],"due":[195],"large":[198],"variability":[199],"electromagnetic":[202],"response":[203],"deep":[208],"and/or":[209],"wet":[210],"snow.":[211],"Improvement":[212],"resulted":[218],"improving":[220],"river":[221],"discharge":[222,232],"compared":[224],"<italic":[226],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">in":[228],"situ</i>":[229],"River":[231],"Nash\u2013Sutcliffe":[243],"efficiency":[244],"at":[245],"all":[246],"available":[247],"stations.":[248],"These":[249],"results":[250],"suggest":[251],"physically":[253],"constrained":[254],"can":[256],"serve":[257],"as":[258],"efficient":[260],"observation":[261],"operator":[262],"for":[263],"through":[267],"explicit":[268],"consideration":[269],"first-order":[272],"scattering":[274],"mechanisms":[275],"different":[277],"conditions.":[280]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}