{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3216260489","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3131414","title":"Temporal Variography for the Evaluation of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Monitoring","display_name":"Temporal Variography for the Evaluation of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Monitoring","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3216260489","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3131414","mag":"3216260489"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2021.3131414","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3131414","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/09629329.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/09629329.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030713017","display_name":"David Torres","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4811-0562"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94256465","display_name":"Arturo Prat University","ror":"https://ror.org/01hrxxx24","country_code":"CL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94256465"]}],"countries":["CL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David Torres","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Universidad Arturo Prat, 28035 Iquique, Chile, (e-mail: dtorres.albornoz@gmail.com)","Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Universidad Arturo Prat, Almirante Juan Jos\u00e9 Latorre 2901, Antofagasta, Chile 1244260"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Universidad Arturo Prat, 28035 Iquique, Chile, (e-mail: dtorres.albornoz@gmail.com)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94256465"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Universidad Arturo Prat, Almirante Juan Jos\u00e9 Latorre 2901, Antofagasta, Chile 1244260","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94256465"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013931980","display_name":"Norman Toro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4273-3563"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94256465","display_name":"Arturo Prat University","ror":"https://ror.org/01hrxxx24","country_code":"CL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94256465"]}],"countries":["CL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Norman Toro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Universidad Arturo Prat, 28035 Iquique, Chile, (e-mail: ntoro@ucn.cl)","Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Universidad Arturo Prat, Almirante Juan Jos\u00e9 Latorre 2901, Antofagasta, Chile 1244260"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Universidad Arturo Prat, 28035 Iquique, Chile, (e-mail: ntoro@ucn.cl)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94256465"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Universidad Arturo Prat, Almirante Juan Jos\u00e9 Latorre 2901, Antofagasta, Chile 1244260","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94256465"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065826856","display_name":"Edelmira D. G\u00e1lvez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9558-443X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802166871","display_name":"Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Norte","ror":"https://ror.org/02akpm128","country_code":"CL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802166871"]}],"countries":["CL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edelmira Galvez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Metallurgical and Mining Engineering Department, Universidad Catlica del Norte, 28049 Antofagasta, Chile, (e-mail: egalvez@ucn.cl)","Metallurgical and Mining Engineering Department, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Norte, Antofagasta 1270709, Chile"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Metallurgical and Mining Engineering Department, Universidad Catlica del Norte, 28049 Antofagasta, Chile, (e-mail: egalvez@ucn.cl)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802166871"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Metallurgical and Mining Engineering Department, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Norte, Antofagasta 1270709, Chile","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802166871"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110417352","display_name":"David Castillo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129739261","display_name":"Universidad de Antofagasta","ror":"https://ror.org/04eyc6d95","country_code":"CL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129739261"]}],"countries":["CL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Castillo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chemical Engineering and Mineral Processing, University of Antofagasta, 28052 Antofagasta, Chile, (e-mail: davidcastillo.melgarejo@gmail.com)","Department of Chemical Engineering and Mineral Processing, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1270300, Chile"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chemical Engineering and Mineral Processing, University of Antofagasta, 28052 Antofagasta, Chile, (e-mail: davidcastillo.melgarejo@gmail.com)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129739261"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering and Mineral Processing, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1270300, Chile","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129739261"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110819122","display_name":"Sebastian Arenas Bermudez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian Arenas Bermudez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086606901","display_name":"Alessandro Navarra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6613-6750"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Navarra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, 5620 Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3A 0G4 (e-mail: alessandro.navarra@mcgill.ca)","Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6613-6750","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, 5620 Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3A 0G4 (e-mail: alessandro.navarra@mcgill.ca)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030713017"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94256465"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":0.3382,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60959137,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":null,"first_page":"80","last_page":"88"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11588","display_name":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11588","display_name":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11320","display_name":"Atmospheric Ozone and Climate","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10075","display_name":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-dioxide-in-earths-atmosphere","display_name":"Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere","score":0.7965871691703796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.7432165741920471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-dioxide","display_name":"Carbon dioxide","score":0.7115559577941895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observatory","display_name":"Observatory","score":0.7079967260360718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.6296191811561584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/term","display_name":"Term (time)","score":0.5152914524078369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-warming","display_name":"Global warming","score":0.45703402161598206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change","display_name":"Climate change","score":0.438734233379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4329163432121277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.3821779489517212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.36540162563323975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.35805073380470276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3422357141971588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.11616355180740356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.10682278871536255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.09762820601463318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.0926695168018341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.09128305315971375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08384296298027039}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195048187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4468919","display_name":"Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere","level":3,"score":0.7965871691703796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7432165741920471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530467964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1997","display_name":"Carbon dioxide","level":2,"score":0.7115559577941895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779919027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62832","display_name":"Observatory","level":2,"score":0.7079967260360718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.6296191811561584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.5152914524078369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115343472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Global warming","level":3,"score":0.45703402161598206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.438734233379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4329163432121277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3821779489517212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.36540162563323975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.35805073380470276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3422357141971588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.11616355180740356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.10682278871536255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.09762820601463318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0926695168018341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.09128305315971375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08384296298027039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2021.3131414","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3131414","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/09629329.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:92bc242225304686879013c6899468f9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/92bc242225304686879013c6899468f9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Pp 80-88 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2021.3131414","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3131414","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/09629329.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1411444338","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020-04605","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3216260489.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3216260489.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W167815291","https://openalex.org/W1968746794","https://openalex.org/W1976844762","https://openalex.org/W2026897676","https://openalex.org/W2043183741","https://openalex.org/W2075184697","https://openalex.org/W2082141498","https://openalex.org/W2089565879","https://openalex.org/W2113215942","https://openalex.org/W2136073778","https://openalex.org/W2142367794","https://openalex.org/W2160721225","https://openalex.org/W2162066053","https://openalex.org/W2580506825","https://openalex.org/W2599675174","https://openalex.org/W2771374537","https://openalex.org/W2792496509","https://openalex.org/W2882982625","https://openalex.org/W2899519719","https://openalex.org/W2912179727","https://openalex.org/W2921587583","https://openalex.org/W2924879409","https://openalex.org/W2970543409","https://openalex.org/W2986256403","https://openalex.org/W3010255274","https://openalex.org/W3015152409","https://openalex.org/W3043997582","https://openalex.org/W3045585186","https://openalex.org/W3101763675","https://openalex.org/W3128315788","https://openalex.org/W6964950006"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2940577698","https://openalex.org/W2397361606","https://openalex.org/W2066833685","https://openalex.org/W4408431659","https://openalex.org/W2072024247","https://openalex.org/W2096001667","https://openalex.org/W1591244031","https://openalex.org/W2077777863","https://openalex.org/W2774074656","https://openalex.org/W1594085170"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Since":[0],"1958,":[1],"the":[2,19,27,65,68,87,91,94,106,116,127,130,146,169,172,184,194,213,217,220,227,238],"Mauna":[3],"Loa":[4],"Observatory":[5],"(MLO)":[6],"has":[7,123,180],"continuously":[8],"monitored":[9],"carbon":[10,33,134],"dioxide":[11,135],"variations":[12,83],"using":[13,101],"non-dispersive":[14],"infrared":[15],"(NDIR)":[16],"sensors,":[17],"with":[18,79,115,168],"Keeling":[20],"curve":[21],"as":[22],"an":[23],"early":[24],"indicator":[25],"of":[26,93,99,108,120,129,164,171,196,216,229,233,240],"anthropogenic":[28],"contribution":[29],"to":[30,44,70,140,159,192,207],"global":[31,56,72],"atmospheric":[32,234],"dioxide.":[34],"The":[35,202,224],"increasing":[36],"CO2":[37,198,241],"levels":[38],"are":[39,77,136,189],"alarming":[40],"and":[41,73,81,96,110,153,186,236,246],"have":[42],"led":[43],"international":[45],"agreements":[46],"that":[47,126,183],"promote":[48],"cleaner":[49],"industrial":[50],"activities.":[51],"However,":[52],"any":[53],"change":[54],"in":[55,64],"behavior":[57],"would":[58],"not":[59],"immediately":[60],"cause":[61],"detectable":[62],"changes":[63],"MLO":[66,131,165],"data;":[67],"extent":[69],"which":[71,113],"long-term":[74],"term":[75],"trends":[76],"conflated":[78],"local":[80,214],"short-term":[82,209],"remains":[84],"unclear.":[85],"Hence":[86],"current":[88],"paper":[89],"verifies":[90],"performance":[92],"sampling":[95,185],"measurement":[97,187],"systems":[98],"MLO,":[100],"existing":[102],"data":[103],"published":[104],"within":[105],"months":[107],"October":[109],"November":[111],"2020,":[112],"comply":[114],"temporal":[117,231],"continuity":[118],"requirements":[119],"chronostatistics.":[121],"It":[122],"been":[124,181],"determined":[125,182],"components":[128],"air":[132],"including":[133,161],"well":[137],"mixed":[138],"due":[139,158],"their":[141],"particular":[142],"location.":[143],"Beyond":[144],"this,":[145],"variographic":[147,203,242],"analysis":[148,232],"distinguishes":[149],"between":[150],"small":[151],"(<5%)":[152],"large":[154],"(>10%)":[155],"variability":[156],"contributions":[157],"sampling,":[160],"graphical":[162],"depictions":[163],"data.":[166],"Coupled":[167],"precision":[170],"method":[173],"being":[174],"better":[175],"than":[176],"0.2":[177],"ppm,":[178],"it":[179],"protocols":[188],"highly":[190],"suitable":[191],"meet":[193],"objective":[195],"representing":[197],"fluctuations":[199],"over":[200],"time.":[201],"application":[204],"also":[205],"manages":[206],"quantify":[208],"variabilities":[210],"resulting":[211],"from":[212],"processes":[215],"region":[218],"where":[219],"observatory":[221],"is":[222],"located.":[223],"results":[225],"support":[226],"furthering":[228],"multiscaled":[230],"CO2,":[235],"potentially":[237],"incorporation":[239],"parameters":[243],"into":[244],"empirical":[245],"semi-empirical":[247],"climate":[248],"models.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}