{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3215008255","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3130186","title":"Multitemporal Polarimetric SAR Change Detection for Crop Monitoring and Crop Type Classification","display_name":"Multitemporal Polarimetric SAR Change Detection for Crop Monitoring and Crop Type Classification","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3215008255","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3130186","mag":"3215008255"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2021.3130186","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3130186","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/09625782.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/09625782.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103035434","display_name":"Cristian Silva-Perez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6843-5022"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12093191","display_name":"University of Stirling","ror":"https://ror.org/045wgfr59","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cristian Silva-Perez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, U.K","ORCiD"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6843-5022","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012507723","display_name":"Armando Marino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4531-3102"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12093191","display_name":"University of Stirling","ror":"https://ror.org/045wgfr59","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Armando Marino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, 7622 Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, (e-mail: armando.marino@stir.ac.uk)","Department of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, U.K","ORCiD"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4531-3102","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, 7622 Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, (e-mail: armando.marino@stir.ac.uk)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068229249","display_name":"Juan M. L\u00f3pez\u2010S\u00e1nchez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4216-5175"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130194489","display_name":"University of Alicante","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8bcz72","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130194489"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan M. Lopez-Sanchez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fsica, Ingeniera de Sistemas y Teora de la Seal, Universidad de Alicante, 16718 Alacant, Comunitat Valenciana, Spain, (e-mail: juanma.lopez@ua.es)","ORCiD","Institute for Computer Research (IUII), University of Alicante, Alacant, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4216-5175","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fsica, Ingeniera de Sistemas y Teora de la Seal, Universidad de Alicante, 16718 Alacant, Comunitat Valenciana, Spain, (e-mail: juanma.lopez@ua.es)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130194489"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Computer Research (IUII), University of Alicante, Alacant, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130194489"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019669409","display_name":"Iain Cameron","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16038530","display_name":"Aberystwyth University","ror":"https://ror.org/015m2p889","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16038530"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iain Cameron","raw_affiliation_strings":["Remote sensing, Environment Systems Ltd, 438421 Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, (e-mail: iain.cameron@envsys.co.uk)","Environment Systems Ltd., Aberystwyth, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Remote sensing, Environment Systems Ltd, 438421 Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, (e-mail: iain.cameron@envsys.co.uk)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16038530"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environment Systems Ltd., Aberystwyth, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16038530"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103035434"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":31.7514,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99401741,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"12361","last_page":"12374"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10770","display_name":"Soil Geostatistics and Mapping","score":0.9860000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7322813868522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.6813587546348572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.6303776502609253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5643268823623657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/change-detection","display_name":"Change detection","score":0.5604128837585449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5524647235870361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.543891191482544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarimetry","display_name":"Polarimetry","score":0.5014691352844238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance-matrix","display_name":"Covariance matrix","score":0.4625309109687805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4070873260498047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3441373109817505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1377682387828827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scattering","display_name":"Scattering","score":0.1183089017868042}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7322813868522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.6813587546348572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.6303776502609253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5643268823623657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203595873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25389927","display_name":"Change detection","level":2,"score":0.5604128837585449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5524647235870361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.543891191482544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28493345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899381","display_name":"Polarimetry","level":3,"score":0.5014691352844238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185142706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134404","display_name":"Covariance matrix","level":2,"score":0.4625309109687805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4070873260498047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3441373109817505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1377682387828827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.1183089017868042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2021.3130186","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3130186","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/09625782.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b5e6ab3fe7294a798980564af37a79fd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b5e6ab3fe7294a798980564af37a79fd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Pp 12361-12374 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:rua.ua.es:10045/120624","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10045/120624","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400416","display_name":"Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Alicante (Universidad de Alicante)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I130194489","host_organization_name":"University of Alicante","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130194489"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2021.3130186","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3130186","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/09625782.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.5799999833106995}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312931","display_name":"UK Space Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/051sgbe98"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3215008255.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3215008255.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1538058927","https://openalex.org/W1602107991","https://openalex.org/W1647076347","https://openalex.org/W1978608824","https://openalex.org/W2015452969","https://openalex.org/W2018243050","https://openalex.org/W2044976920","https://openalex.org/W2049719492","https://openalex.org/W2058901756","https://openalex.org/W2077717067","https://openalex.org/W2078985447","https://openalex.org/W2083857818","https://openalex.org/W2097419478","https://openalex.org/W2116520955","https://openalex.org/W2121348175","https://openalex.org/W2126176832","https://openalex.org/W2133989913","https://openalex.org/W2150705511","https://openalex.org/W2299851271","https://openalex.org/W2312830956","https://openalex.org/W2537108364","https://openalex.org/W2547804239","https://openalex.org/W2570150535","https://openalex.org/W2587481768","https://openalex.org/W2613412191","https://openalex.org/W2767278915","https://openalex.org/W2773886575","https://openalex.org/W2785294182","https://openalex.org/W2896236534","https://openalex.org/W2901820720","https://openalex.org/W2907323557","https://openalex.org/W2950918510","https://openalex.org/W2989971183","https://openalex.org/W3002867668","https://openalex.org/W3016230869","https://openalex.org/W3041690742","https://openalex.org/W3106359699","https://openalex.org/W3204259986","https://openalex.org/W4237764598","https://openalex.org/W6636864390"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2905433371","https://openalex.org/W2888392564","https://openalex.org/W4310278675","https://openalex.org/W4388422664","https://openalex.org/W4390569940","https://openalex.org/W4361193272","https://openalex.org/W2963326959","https://openalex.org/W4388685194","https://openalex.org/W2469797871","https://openalex.org/W3205829146"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,216],"interpretation":[1],"of":[2,23,31,67,82,101,116,119,129,136,144,167,186,210,224,236,244],"multidimensional":[3],"Synthetic":[4],"Aperture":[5],"Radar":[6],"(SAR)":[7],"data":[8,228],"often":[9],"requires":[10,16],"expert":[11],"knowledge.":[12],"In":[13],"fact,":[14],"it":[15],"to":[17,26,78],"simultaneously":[18],"consider":[19],"several":[20],"time":[21,165],"series":[22,166],"polarimetric":[24,107],"features":[25,169],"understand":[27],"the":[28,40,54,70,83,91,99,106,127,145,183,187,191,198,202,207,241],"physical":[29,80,117,242],"changes":[30,41,68,81,118,243],"a":[32,88,120,141,159,172,225,245],"target":[33,121,173,246],"and":[34,58,114,122,139,190,206,213,238],"its":[35,123,156],"temporal":[36],"evolution.":[37],"To":[38],"characterise":[39,105],"over":[42,247],"time,":[43],"Multitemporal":[44],"Polarimetric":[45],"SAR":[46],"(MTPolSAR)":[47],"change":[48,92],"detection":[49],"has":[50],"been":[51],"introduced":[52],"in":[53,56,90,95,201,234],"literature":[55],"[1]":[57],"[2].":[59],"However,":[60],"previous":[61],"methods":[62,200],"either":[63],"only":[64],"exploit":[65],"intensity":[66],"or":[69],"resulting":[71],"changed":[72],"scattering":[73],"mechanisms":[74],"are":[75,193],"not":[76],"guaranteed":[77],"represent":[79],"target.":[84],"This":[85],"paper":[86],"presents":[87],"variation":[89],"detector":[93],"used":[94],"[2]":[96],"based":[97],"on":[98],"difference":[100],"covariance":[102,174],"matrices":[103],"that":[104,163,182],"information,":[108],"allowing":[109],"for":[110,132,147],"an":[111],"intuitive":[112],"representation":[113],"characterisation":[115],"dynamics.":[124],"We":[125,154],"show":[126,181],"results":[128,180],"this":[130],"method":[131,146,189,217],"monitoring":[133],"growth":[134],"stages":[135],"rice":[137],"crops":[138],"present":[140],"novel":[142],"application":[143],"crop":[148],"type":[149],"mapping":[150],"from":[151,171],"MT-PolSAR":[152],"data.":[153],"compare":[155],"performance":[157,185],"with":[158,195],"neural":[160],"network-based":[161],"classifier":[162,229],"uses":[164],"PolSAR":[168,227],"derived":[170],"matrix":[175],"decomposition":[176],"as":[177],"input.":[178],"Experimental":[179],"classification":[184,222],"proposed":[188],"baseline":[192],"comparable,":[194],"differences":[196],"between":[197],"two":[199],"overall":[203],"balanced":[204],"accuracy":[205],"F1-macro":[208],"metrics":[209],"around":[211],"2%":[212],"3%,":[214],"respectively.":[215],"presented":[218],"here":[219],"achieves":[220],"similar":[221],"performances":[223],"traditional":[226],"while":[230],"providing":[231],"additional":[232],"advantages":[233],"terms":[235],"interpretability":[237],"insights":[239],"about":[240],"time.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-05-20T08:49:12.498775","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
