{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3172144611","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3121206","title":"Validation of SMAP Soil Moisture at Terrestrial National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) Sites Show Potential for Soil Moisture Retrieval in Forested Areas","display_name":"Validation of SMAP Soil Moisture at Terrestrial National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) Sites Show Potential for Soil Moisture Retrieval in Forested Areas","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3172144611","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3121206","mag":"3172144611"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2021.3121206","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3121206","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9314330/09580715.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9314330/09580715.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089711221","display_name":"Edward Ayres","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5190-258X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28670366","display_name":"National Ecological Observatory Network","ror":"https://ror.org/04j43p132","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311060795","https://openalex.org/I28670366"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Edward Ayres","raw_affiliation_strings":["Battelle, National Ecological Observatory Network, Boulder, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5190-258X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Battelle, National Ecological Observatory Network, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28670366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008146196","display_name":"Andreas Colliander","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4093-8119"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Colliander","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4093-8119","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025247468","display_name":"Michael H. Cosh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4776-1918"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1312222531","display_name":"Agricultural Research Service","ror":"https://ror.org/02d2m2044","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125976","display_name":"Beltsville Agricultural Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03b08sh51","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210125976","https://openalex.org/I4210138094"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael H. Cosh","raw_affiliation_strings":["USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125976","https://openalex.org/I1312222531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061399877","display_name":"Joshua A. Roberti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3888-4900"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28670366","display_name":"National Ecological Observatory Network","ror":"https://ror.org/04j43p132","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311060795","https://openalex.org/I28670366"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joshua A. Roberti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Battelle, National Ecological Observatory Network, Boulder, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Battelle, National Ecological Observatory Network, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28670366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074915946","display_name":"Samuel M. Simkin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2418-4265"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28670366","display_name":"National Ecological Observatory Network","ror":"https://ror.org/04j43p132","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311060795","https://openalex.org/I28670366"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sam Simkin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Battelle, National Ecological Observatory Network, Boulder, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Battelle, National Ecological Observatory Network, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28670366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068797294","display_name":"Melissa A. Genazzio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0901-0331"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28670366","display_name":"National Ecological Observatory Network","ror":"https://ror.org/04j43p132","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311060795","https://openalex.org/I28670366"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Melissa A. Genazzio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Battelle, National Ecological Observatory Network, Boulder, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Battelle, National Ecological Observatory Network, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28670366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089711221"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28670366"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":3.3859,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92642109,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"10903","last_page":"10918"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-content","display_name":"Water content","score":0.6224494576454163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6060240268707275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5455940365791321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","score":0.42005980014801025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moisture","display_name":"Moisture","score":0.41500768065452576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-science","display_name":"Soil science","score":0.35066479444503784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.240692138671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.144725501537323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.12993773818016052}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24939127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373499","display_name":"Water content","level":2,"score":0.6224494576454163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6060240268707275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5455940365791321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.42005980014801025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176864760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217651","display_name":"Moisture","level":2,"score":0.41500768065452576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.35066479444503784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.240692138671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.144725501537323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.12993773818016052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2021.3121206","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3121206","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9314330/09580715.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d0a265d90abf41c6969ef28713d8cdc8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d0a265d90abf41c6969ef28713d8cdc8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Pp 10903-10918 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2021.3121206","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3121206","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9314330/09580715.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.7599999904632568}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306114","display_name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/01na82s61"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306250","display_name":"Battelle","ror":"https://ror.org/01h5tnr73"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309398","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332183","display_name":"U.S. Geological Survey","ror":"https://ror.org/035a68863"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332375","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332605","display_name":"Agricultural Research Service","ror":"https://ror.org/02d2m2044"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3172144611.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3172144611.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":74,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W785182659","https://openalex.org/W1504307227","https://openalex.org/W1548386385","https://openalex.org/W1551685613","https://openalex.org/W1968634648","https://openalex.org/W1972276215","https://openalex.org/W1977809076","https://openalex.org/W1992914664","https://openalex.org/W1995205889","https://openalex.org/W1995598225","https://openalex.org/W2005230072","https://openalex.org/W2010729915","https://openalex.org/W2015066808","https://openalex.org/W2015137574","https://openalex.org/W2038184996","https://openalex.org/W2044685549","https://openalex.org/W2045216550","https://openalex.org/W2048336910","https://openalex.org/W2060196648","https://openalex.org/W2061913851","https://openalex.org/W2068788193","https://openalex.org/W2072567364","https://openalex.org/W2077252525","https://openalex.org/W2106528177","https://openalex.org/W2110065044","https://openalex.org/W2115405237","https://openalex.org/W2117858619","https://openalex.org/W2130746770","https://openalex.org/W2147201160","https://openalex.org/W2158155342","https://openalex.org/W2162960236","https://openalex.org/W2167962096","https://openalex.org/W2170235700","https://openalex.org/W2260641761","https://openalex.org/W2285725325","https://openalex.org/W2342945292","https://openalex.org/W2399809112","https://openalex.org/W2438957046","https://openalex.org/W2463813909","https://openalex.org/W2485158535","https://openalex.org/W2520874810","https://openalex.org/W2570365658","https://openalex.org/W2579746766","https://openalex.org/W2582059183","https://openalex.org/W2588540686","https://openalex.org/W2612193913","https://openalex.org/W2740614026","https://openalex.org/W2762180336","https://openalex.org/W2767231032","https://openalex.org/W2801864473","https://openalex.org/W2804273873","https://openalex.org/W2805011052","https://openalex.org/W2902831855","https://openalex.org/W2936499484","https://openalex.org/W2953084579","https://openalex.org/W2972262484","https://openalex.org/W2999047425","https://openalex.org/W3006062503","https://openalex.org/W3012856410","https://openalex.org/W3023439803","https://openalex.org/W3087909386","https://openalex.org/W3094643344","https://openalex.org/W3103907082","https://openalex.org/W3200381181","https://openalex.org/W4248491207","https://openalex.org/W4399607243","https://openalex.org/W6630424411","https://openalex.org/W6632796492","https://openalex.org/W6784376311","https://openalex.org/W6785791984","https://openalex.org/W6801514697","https://openalex.org/W6869885314","https://openalex.org/W6948761146","https://openalex.org/W6966927485"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2108512031","https://openalex.org/W2063755384","https://openalex.org/W2048409327","https://openalex.org/W2153306223","https://openalex.org/W2997015357","https://openalex.org/W2390117385","https://openalex.org/W2123825282","https://openalex.org/W1977273908","https://openalex.org/W2079990215","https://openalex.org/W2897030841"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Soil":[0],"moisture":[1,22,36,90,101,127,204,257],"influences":[2],"forest":[3,206],"health,":[4],"fire":[5],"occurrence":[6],"and":[7,9,11,65,219,232,235,253],"extent,":[8],"insect":[10],"pathogen":[12],"impacts,":[13],"creating":[14],"a":[15,164,237],"need":[16],"for":[17,43,48,192,245],"regular,":[18],"globally":[19],"extensive":[20],"soil":[21,35,89,100,126,203,256],"measurements":[23,102,258],"that":[24,211],"can":[25],"only":[26],"be":[27],"achieved":[28,163],"by":[29,268],"satellite-based":[30],"sensors,":[31],"such":[32],"as":[33,56],"NASA's":[34],"active":[37],"passive":[38],"(SMAP).":[39],"However,":[40],"SMAP":[41,88,125,162,197,242],"data":[42],"forested":[44,160,246,260],"regions,":[45],"which":[46,116,228],"account":[47],"\u223c20%":[49],"of":[50,76,115,150,167,215,255],"land":[51],"cover":[52],"globally,":[53],"are":[54,117],"flagged":[55],"unreliable":[57],"due":[58,153],"to":[59,95,142,154,200,224,240],"interference":[60],"from":[61,103],"vegetation":[62,216],"water":[63,217],"content,":[64],"forests":[66],"were":[67,222],"underrepresented":[68],"in":[69,79,202,205],"previous":[70,143],"validation":[71,261],"efforts,":[72],"preventing":[73],"an":[74,213],"assessment":[75],"measurement":[77,230],"accuracy":[78,168],"these":[80],"biomes.":[81],"Here":[82],"we":[83,209],"compare":[84],"over":[85],"twelve":[86],"thousand":[87],"measurements,":[91],"representing":[92],"88":[93],"site-years,":[94],"<italic":[96],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[97,133,137,174,178,184,188],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">in":[98],"situ</i>":[99],"forty":[104],"National":[105],"Ecological":[106],"Observatory":[107],"Network":[108],"(NEON)":[109],"sites":[110,262],"throughout":[111],"the":[112,151,159,251],"US,":[113],"half":[114],"forested.":[118],"At":[119],"unforested":[120],"NEON":[121],"sites,":[122,161],"agreement":[123],"with":[124],"(unbiased":[128,169],"RMSD:":[129,170],"0.046":[130],"m":[131,135,172,176,182,186],"<sup":[132,136,173,177,183,187],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">3</sup>":[134,175,185],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">\u22123</sup>":[138,179,189],")":[139],"was":[140],"similar":[141],"sparse":[144],"network":[145],"validations":[146],"(which":[147],"include":[148],"inflation":[149],"metric":[152],"spatial":[155],"representativeness":[156,194,233,270],"errors).":[157],"For":[158],"reasonable":[165],"level":[166],"0.06":[171],"or":[180],"0.053":[181],"after":[190],"accounting":[191],"random":[193],"errors)":[195],"indicating":[196],"is":[198],"sensitive":[199],"changes":[201],"ecosystems.":[207],"Moreover,":[208],"identified":[210],"both":[212],"index":[214],"content":[218],"canopy":[220],"height":[221],"related":[223],"mean":[225],"difference":[226],"(MD),":[227],"incorporates":[229],"bias":[231],"bias,":[234],"suggests":[236],"potential":[238],"approach":[239],"improve":[241],"algorithm":[243],"parameterization":[244],"regions.":[247],"In":[248],"addition,":[249],"expanding":[250],"number":[252],"extent":[254],"at":[259],"would":[263],"likely":[264],"further":[265],"reduce":[266],"MD":[267],"minimizing":[269],"errors.":[271]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}