{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3205604731","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3118595","title":"Assimilation of SMAP Brightness Temperature Observations in the GEOS Land\u2013Atmosphere Data Assimilation System","display_name":"Assimilation of SMAP Brightness Temperature Observations in the GEOS Land\u2013Atmosphere Data Assimilation System","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3205604731","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3118595","mag":"3205604731","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34820044"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2021.3118595","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3118595","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/09563220.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/09563220.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053606298","display_name":"Rolf H. Reichle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5513-0150"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306266525","display_name":"Goddard Space Flight Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0171mag52","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128139","display_name":"NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/030ea6w47","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I2802992173","https://openalex.org/I4210128139","https://openalex.org/I80605987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144891","display_name":"Science Systems and Applications (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03xec1444","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144891"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80605987","display_name":"NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/033tt8e33","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I2802992173","https://openalex.org/I80605987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I880747138","display_name":"Science Applications International Corporation (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00zv91802","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I880747138"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rolf H. Reichle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA","Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA","Science Applications International Corporation, Reston, VA, USA","also with Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD, USA","the Physical Sciences Laboratory, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratories, Boulder, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5513-0150","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science Applications International Corporation, Reston, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I880747138"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"also with Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144891"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Physical Sciences Laboratory, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratories, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80605987","https://openalex.org/I4210128139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051172734","display_name":"Sara Q. Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306266525","display_name":"Goddard Space Flight Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0171mag52","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128139","display_name":"NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/030ea6w47","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I2802992173","https://openalex.org/I4210128139","https://openalex.org/I80605987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144891","display_name":"Science Systems and Applications (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03xec1444","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144891"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80605987","display_name":"NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/033tt8e33","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I2802992173","https://openalex.org/I80605987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I880747138","display_name":"Science Applications International Corporation (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00zv91802","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I880747138"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sara Q. Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA","Science Applications International Corporation, Reston, VA, USA","Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA","the Physical Sciences Laboratory, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratories, Boulder, CO, USA","also with Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science Applications International Corporation, Reston, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I880747138"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Physical Sciences Laboratory, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratories, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80605987","https://openalex.org/I4210128139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"also with Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144891"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087872098","display_name":"Qing Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2745-3440"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306266525","display_name":"Goddard Space Flight Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0171mag52","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128139","display_name":"NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/030ea6w47","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I2802992173","https://openalex.org/I4210128139","https://openalex.org/I80605987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144891","display_name":"Science Systems and Applications (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03xec1444","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144891"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80605987","display_name":"NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/033tt8e33","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I2802992173","https://openalex.org/I80605987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I880747138","display_name":"Science Applications International Corporation (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00zv91802","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I880747138"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qing Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA","the Physical Sciences Laboratory, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratories, Boulder, CO, USA","Science Applications International Corporation, Reston, VA, USA","also with Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD, USA","Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Physical Sciences Laboratory, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratories, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80605987","https://openalex.org/I4210128139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science Applications International Corporation, Reston, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I880747138"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"also with Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144891"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010978959","display_name":"Clara Draper","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8299-4939"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306266525","display_name":"Goddard Space Flight Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0171mag52","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128139","display_name":"NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/030ea6w47","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I2802992173","https://openalex.org/I4210128139","https://openalex.org/I80605987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144891","display_name":"Science Systems and Applications (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03xec1444","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144891"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80605987","display_name":"NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/033tt8e33","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I2802992173","https://openalex.org/I80605987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I880747138","display_name":"Science Applications International Corporation (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00zv91802","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I880747138"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Clara S. Draper","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physical Sciences Laboratory, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratories, Boulder, CO 80305 USA","also with Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD, USA","Science Applications International Corporation, Reston, VA, USA","the Physical Sciences Laboratory, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratories, Boulder, CO, USA","Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physical Sciences Laboratory, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratories, Boulder, CO 80305 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80605987"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"also with Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144891"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science Applications International Corporation, Reston, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I880747138"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Physical Sciences Laboratory, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratories, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80605987","https://openalex.org/I4210128139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061477393","display_name":"Jana Kolassa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6644-8789"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306266525","display_name":"Goddard Space Flight Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0171mag52","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128139","display_name":"NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/030ea6w47","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I2802992173","https://openalex.org/I4210128139","https://openalex.org/I80605987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144891","display_name":"Science Systems and Applications (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03xec1444","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144891"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80605987","display_name":"NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/033tt8e33","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I2802992173","https://openalex.org/I80605987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I880747138","display_name":"Science Applications International Corporation (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00zv91802","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I880747138"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jana Kolassa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA","Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA","the Physical Sciences Laboratory, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratories, Boulder, CO, USA","Science Applications International Corporation, Reston, VA, USA","also with Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6644-8789","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Physical Sciences Laboratory, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratories, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80605987","https://openalex.org/I4210128139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science Applications International Corporation, Reston, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I880747138"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"also with Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144891"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052147696","display_name":"Ricardo Todling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9883-9610"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306266525","display_name":"Goddard Space Flight Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0171mag52","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128139","display_name":"NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/030ea6w47","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I2802992173","https://openalex.org/I4210128139","https://openalex.org/I80605987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144891","display_name":"Science Systems and Applications (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03xec1444","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144891"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80605987","display_name":"NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/033tt8e33","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I2802992173","https://openalex.org/I80605987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I880747138","display_name":"Science Applications International Corporation (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00zv91802","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I880747138"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ricardo Todling","raw_affiliation_strings":["Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA","also with Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD, USA","Science Applications International Corporation, Reston, VA, USA","the Physical Sciences Laboratory, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratories, Boulder, CO, USA","Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"also with Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144891"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science Applications International Corporation, Reston, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I880747138"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Physical Sciences Laboratory, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratories, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80605987","https://openalex.org/I4210128139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053606298"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525","https://openalex.org/I4210128139","https://openalex.org/I4210144891","https://openalex.org/I80605987","https://openalex.org/I880747138"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":1.9226,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84383954,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"10628","last_page":"10643"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-assimilation","display_name":"Data assimilation","score":0.8076814413070679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.7610301375389099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmosphere","display_name":"Atmosphere (unit)","score":0.6027463674545288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relative-humidity","display_name":"Relative humidity","score":0.5900040864944458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/troposphere","display_name":"Troposphere","score":0.5363605618476868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.5282006859779358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-model","display_name":"Atmospheric model","score":0.5218909382820129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.5143169164657593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brightness-temperature","display_name":"Brightness temperature","score":0.49181440472602844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-content","display_name":"Water content","score":0.4182274341583252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brightness","display_name":"Brightness","score":0.37759333848953247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3650319576263428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.3641749620437622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.10446876287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09627145528793335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.07136955857276917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.07040125131607056}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24552861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2670177","display_name":"Data assimilation","level":2,"score":0.8076814413070679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7610301375389099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65440619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177974","display_name":"Atmosphere (unit)","level":2,"score":0.6027463674545288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158960510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180600","display_name":"Relative humidity","level":2,"score":0.5900040864944458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9075549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40631","display_name":"Troposphere","level":2,"score":0.5363605618476868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.5282006859779358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118365302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4817115","display_name":"Atmospheric model","level":2,"score":0.5218909382820129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.5143169164657593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53802167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4538627","display_name":"Brightness temperature","level":3,"score":0.49181440472602844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24939127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373499","display_name":"Water content","level":2,"score":0.4182274341583252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125245961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221656","display_name":"Brightness","level":2,"score":0.37759333848953247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3650319576263428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3641749620437622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.10446876287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09627145528793335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.07136955857276917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.07040125131607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2021.3118595","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3118595","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/09563220.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34820044","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34820044","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE journal of selected topics in applied earth observations and remote sensing","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e8c86ba33a6b496cabd5d4deb9c2bba8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e8c86ba33a6b496cabd5d4deb9c2bba8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Pp 10628-10643 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:noaa.stacks:noaa:45317","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2021.3118595","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196172","display_name":"NOAA Institutional Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 14, 10628-10643","raw_type":""},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8609422","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8609422","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE J Sel Top Appl Earth Obs Remote Sens","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2021.3118595","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3118595","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/09563220.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.46000000834465027,"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3205604731.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3205604731.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":93,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W602343209","https://openalex.org/W1651208609","https://openalex.org/W1793391676","https://openalex.org/W1823486343","https://openalex.org/W1973877061","https://openalex.org/W1974127093","https://openalex.org/W1991808486","https://openalex.org/W1995598225","https://openalex.org/W2003707405","https://openalex.org/W2003962096","https://openalex.org/W2005230072","https://openalex.org/W2006722596","https://openalex.org/W2019043322","https://openalex.org/W2021179870","https://openalex.org/W2028979033","https://openalex.org/W2039348932","https://openalex.org/W2044735186","https://openalex.org/W2049760535","https://openalex.org/W2051416171","https://openalex.org/W2052637016","https://openalex.org/W2068848763","https://openalex.org/W2091287180","https://openalex.org/W2094491731","https://openalex.org/W2097434015","https://openalex.org/W2106396115","https://openalex.org/W2108319416","https://openalex.org/W2114688600","https://openalex.org/W2116872382","https://openalex.org/W2128272431","https://openalex.org/W2131234888","https://openalex.org/W2135048240","https://openalex.org/W2141219203","https://openalex.org/W2148834092","https://openalex.org/W2153901968","https://openalex.org/W2157980636","https://openalex.org/W2161306253","https://openalex.org/W2163444190","https://openalex.org/W2165632940","https://openalex.org/W2167731682","https://openalex.org/W2175066699","https://openalex.org/W2175231548","https://openalex.org/W2190284289","https://openalex.org/W2259421489","https://openalex.org/W2274296653","https://openalex.org/W2348428089","https://openalex.org/W2352044181","https://openalex.org/W2397960120","https://openalex.org/W2399809112","https://openalex.org/W2511497341","https://openalex.org/W2519117470","https://openalex.org/W2521039721","https://openalex.org/W2556661975","https://openalex.org/W2566381813","https://openalex.org/W2582059183","https://openalex.org/W2606762649","https://openalex.org/W2611772571","https://openalex.org/W2740614026","https://openalex.org/W2765568504","https://openalex.org/W2766008586","https://openalex.org/W2773050709","https://openalex.org/W2776124166","https://openalex.org/W2786249405","https://openalex.org/W2787267972","https://openalex.org/W2797708372","https://openalex.org/W2802405522","https://openalex.org/W2885863643","https://openalex.org/W2899879104","https://openalex.org/W2900026416","https://openalex.org/W2901640902","https://openalex.org/W2925990915","https://openalex.org/W2938446992","https://openalex.org/W2947165775","https://openalex.org/W2953084579","https://openalex.org/W2971467437","https://openalex.org/W3027237079","https://openalex.org/W3082847268","https://openalex.org/W3083987537","https://openalex.org/W3104786346","https://openalex.org/W3107367546","https://openalex.org/W3111027332","https://openalex.org/W3172866069","https://openalex.org/W3174565665","https://openalex.org/W3174996004","https://openalex.org/W4253768378","https://openalex.org/W6637942177","https://openalex.org/W6748677373","https://openalex.org/W6750301164","https://openalex.org/W6756053287","https://openalex.org/W6797410783","https://openalex.org/W6797569956","https://openalex.org/W6798059143","https://openalex.org/W6892241604","https://openalex.org/W6910833013"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3188737086","https://openalex.org/W1983414154","https://openalex.org/W1994453480","https://openalex.org/W2111586823","https://openalex.org/W2390005173","https://openalex.org/W123448113","https://openalex.org/W2096600748","https://openalex.org/W2041096543","https://openalex.org/W2115943505","https://openalex.org/W1893432378"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Errors":[0],"in":[1,19,35,42,72,100,135,184,199,232],"soil":[2,97,117],"moisture":[3,98,118],"adversely":[4],"impact":[5,240],"the":[6,43,56,65,73,90,110,129,165,190,216,219,238,242,246],"modeling":[7],"of":[8,58,92,107,115,126,138,167,201,213,218,241],"land-atmosphere":[9,76,248],"water":[10],"and":[11,95,144,154,170,179],"energy":[12],"fluxes":[13],"and,":[14],"consequently,":[15],"near-surface":[16],"atmospheric":[17,20],"conditions":[18],"data":[21,77],"assimilation":[22,57,78,235],"systems":[23],"(ADAS).":[24],"To":[25],"mitigate":[26],"such":[27,37],"errors,":[28],"a":[29,233],"land":[30,131],"surface":[31,94],"analysis":[32,88,244],"is":[33,119,149,172,224],"included":[34],"many":[36],"systems,":[38],"although":[39,203],"not":[40],"yet":[41],"currently":[44],"operational":[45],"NASA":[46],"Goddard":[47],"Earth":[48],"Observing":[49],"System":[50],"(GEOS)":[51],"ADAS.":[52,127,214],"This":[53],"study":[54],"investigates":[55],"L-band":[59],"brightness":[60],"temperature":[61,147,206],"(Tb)":[62],"observations":[63],"from":[64,124],"Soil":[66],"Moisture":[67],"Active":[68],"Passive":[69],"(SMAP)":[70],"mission":[71],"GEOS":[74],"weakly-coupled":[75],"system":[79],"(LADAS)":[80],"during":[81],"boreal":[82],"summer":[83],"2017.":[84],"The":[85],"SMAP":[86],"Tb":[87,221,243],"improves":[89],"correlation":[91],"LADAS":[93,116,159,168,185,204,220],"root-zone":[96],"vs.":[99,134],"situ":[101,136],"measurements":[102,137],"by":[103,121,151,174,226],"~0.1-0.26":[104],"over":[105],"that":[106,125,212],"ADAS":[108,162],"estimates;":[109],"unbiased":[111],"root-mean-square":[112,217],"error":[113],"(ubRMSE)":[114],"reduced":[120,150],"0.002-0.008":[122],"m3/m3":[123],"Furthermore,":[128],"global":[130],"average":[132],"RMSE":[133,166],"screen-level":[139],"air":[140,205],"specific":[141,186],"humidity":[142,187],"(q2m)":[143],"daily":[145],"maximum":[146],"(T2mmax)":[148],"0.05":[152],"g/kg":[153,178],"0.04":[155],"K,":[156,181],"respectively,":[157],"for":[158],"compared":[160],"to":[161,176,211,228],"estimates.":[163],"Regionally,":[164],"q2m":[169],"T2mmax":[171],"improved":[173],"up":[175,227],"0.4":[177],"0.3":[180],"respectively.":[182],"Improvement":[183],"extends":[188],"into":[189],"lower":[191],"troposphere":[192],"(below":[193],"~700":[194],"mb),":[195],"with":[196],"relative":[197,210],"improvements":[198],"bias":[200,207],"15-25%,":[202],"slightly":[208],"increases":[209],"Finally,":[215],"observation-minus-forecast":[222],"residuals":[223],"smaller":[225],"~0.1":[229],"K":[230],"than":[231],"land-only":[234],"system,":[236],"corroborating":[237],"positive":[239],"on":[245],"modeled":[247],"coupling.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-06T09:05:17.133730","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
