{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3203661836","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3115637","title":"Small Aerial Target Detection for Airborne Infrared Detection Systems Using LightGBM and Trajectory Constraints","display_name":"Small Aerial Target Detection for Airborne Infrared Detection Systems Using LightGBM and Trajectory Constraints","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3203661836","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3115637","mag":"3203661836"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2021.3115637","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3115637","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/09548817.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/09548817.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077946476","display_name":"Xiaoliang Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3018-8043"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoliang Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3018-8043","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042623616","display_name":"Liangchao Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8507-8656"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liangchao Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100453357","display_name":"Wenlong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3756-5235"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenlong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088661591","display_name":"Zi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7266-3677"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076444077","display_name":"Qifeng Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1101-1093"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qifeng Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":38.4516,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99570177,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"9959","last_page":"9973"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14257","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.7640321850776672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.579407811164856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.563871443271637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4815140664577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrared","display_name":"Infrared","score":0.46773773431777954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.45028337836265564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.12229767441749573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.11197155714035034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08213630318641663}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.7640321850776672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.579407811164856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.563871443271637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4815140664577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158355884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11388","display_name":"Infrared","level":2,"score":0.46773773431777954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.45028337836265564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.12229767441749573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.11197155714035034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08213630318641663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2021.3115637","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3115637","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/09548817.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2407.01278","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2407.01278","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2407.01278","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b971e5e3e2a842518c650b41dc1ae745","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b971e5e3e2a842518c650b41dc1ae745","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Pp 9959-9973 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2021.3115637","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3115637","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/09548817.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G312134248","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62003357","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4273183136","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019JJ50732","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7601189218","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019JJ50732","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322843","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of\u00a0Hunan Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322843","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of\u00a0Hunan Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3203661836.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3203661836.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1677409904","https://openalex.org/W1678356000","https://openalex.org/W1978993121","https://openalex.org/W2047485251","https://openalex.org/W2080197848","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2163542360","https://openalex.org/W2282009127","https://openalex.org/W2407220925","https://openalex.org/W2462664206","https://openalex.org/W2499656830","https://openalex.org/W2578504242","https://openalex.org/W2588370006","https://openalex.org/W2591954984","https://openalex.org/W2604768956","https://openalex.org/W2612125686","https://openalex.org/W2751937677","https://openalex.org/W2768348081","https://openalex.org/W2770868881","https://openalex.org/W2776575223","https://openalex.org/W2780677785","https://openalex.org/W2792108380","https://openalex.org/W2888997752","https://openalex.org/W2897261831","https://openalex.org/W2900546872","https://openalex.org/W2900572182","https://openalex.org/W2921359348","https://openalex.org/W2930504574","https://openalex.org/W2935814310","https://openalex.org/W2942839421","https://openalex.org/W2946475319","https://openalex.org/W2954200955","https://openalex.org/W2957028092","https://openalex.org/W2978379657","https://openalex.org/W2981068491","https://openalex.org/W2990702487","https://openalex.org/W2997129376","https://openalex.org/W3021020015","https://openalex.org/W3024748887","https://openalex.org/W3036939030","https://openalex.org/W3048644861","https://openalex.org/W3087883562","https://openalex.org/W3088317060","https://openalex.org/W3110352253","https://openalex.org/W3111879502","https://openalex.org/W3118934234","https://openalex.org/W3143173331","https://openalex.org/W3169286597","https://openalex.org/W3216985839","https://openalex.org/W6637400245","https://openalex.org/W6745609711","https://openalex.org/W6771810901","https://openalex.org/W6797189342"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2775347418","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2951359407","https://openalex.org/W2079911747","https://openalex.org/W1969923398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Factors,":[0],"such":[1,30],"as":[2,81,117],"rapid":[3],"relative":[4],"motion,":[5],"clutter":[6],"background,":[7],"etc.,":[8],"make":[9],"robust":[10],"small":[11,44,54,132,160],"aerial":[12,46,55,134,161],"target":[13,47,56,78,113,138,162],"detection":[14,18,48,57,62,80,97,163,167],"for":[15,59,128,159],"airborne":[16,60,165],"infrared":[17,45,61,133,166],"systems":[19,168],"a":[20,35,82,99,156],"challenge.":[21],"Existing":[22],"methods":[23],"are":[24,92,115,125],"facing":[25],"difficulties":[26],"when":[27],"dealing":[28],"with":[29],"cases.":[31],"We":[32],"consider":[33],"that":[34,145],"continuous":[36,109],"and":[37,52,66,98,107,119,185],"smooth":[38],"trajectory":[39,67,114,123],"is":[40,69,169],"critical":[41],"in":[42,71,88,164],"boosting":[43],"performance.":[49],"A":[50],"simple":[51],"effective":[53],"method":[58,148],"system":[63],"using":[64],"LightGBM":[65,101],"constraints":[68,124],"proposed":[70,147],"this":[72,178,190],"paper.":[73],"First,":[74],"we":[75],"simply":[76],"formulate":[77],"candidate":[79],"binary":[83],"classification":[84],"problem.":[85],"Target":[86],"candidates":[87],"every":[89],"individual":[90],"frame":[91],"detected":[93],"via":[94],"interesting":[95],"pixel":[96],"trained":[100],"model.":[102],"Then,":[103],"the":[104,112,130,146,173,181],"local":[105],"smoothness":[106],"global":[108],"characteristic":[110],"of":[111,175],"modeled":[116],"short-strict":[118],"long-loose":[120],"constraints.":[121],"The":[122],"used":[126],"efficiently":[127],"detecting":[129],"true":[131],"targets":[135],"from":[136],"numerous":[137],"candidates.":[139],"Experiments":[140],"on":[141],"public":[142,157],"datasets":[143],"demonstrate":[144],"performs":[149],"better":[150],"than":[151],"other":[152],"existing":[153],"methods.":[154],"Furthermore,":[155],"dataset":[158,179],"constructed":[170],"(https://small-infrared-aerial-target-detection.grand-challenge.org/).":[171],"To":[172],"best":[174],"our":[176],"knowledge,":[177],"has":[180],"largest":[182],"data":[183],"scale":[184],"richest":[186],"scene":[187],"types":[188],"within":[189],"field.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
