{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3196798006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3109661","title":"A Multiscale Attention Network for Remote Sensing Scene Images Classification","display_name":"A Multiscale Attention Network for Remote Sensing Scene Images Classification","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3196798006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3109661","mag":"3196798006"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2021.3109661","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3109661","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/09528049.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/09528049.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063293419","display_name":"Guokai Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0952-8325"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148128674","display_name":"University of Shanghai for Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00ay9v204","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["CN","GB","SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guokai Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 47863 shanghai, China, 10001 (e-mail: zhangguokai_01@163.com)","The School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen China","School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen China","School of Computer Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester UK","School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai China","The School of Computer and Software, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing China","School of Software Enginnering, Tongji University, Shanghai China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0952-8325","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 47863 shanghai, China, 10001 (e-mail: zhangguokai_01@163.com)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The School of Computer and Software, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Enginnering, Tongji University, Shanghai China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102705319","display_name":"Weizhe Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6330-4496"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148128674","display_name":"University of Shanghai for Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00ay9v204","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["CN","GB","SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weizhe Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, The University of Manchester, 5292 Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, (e-mail: weizhe.xu@postgrad.manchester.ac.uk)","The School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen China","School of Computer Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester UK","The School of Computer and Software, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing China","School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai China","School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen China","School of Software Enginnering, Tongji University, Shanghai China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, The University of Manchester, 5292 Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, (e-mail: weizhe.xu@postgrad.manchester.ac.uk)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The School of Computer and Software, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Enginnering, Tongji University, Shanghai China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067671443","display_name":"Wei Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6060-1022"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148128674","display_name":"University of Shanghai for Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00ay9v204","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["CN","GB","SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Enginnering, Tongji University, 12476 Shanghai, Shanghai, China, (e-mail: zhaoweilh@tongji.edu.cn)","School of Software Enginnering, Tongji University, Shanghai China","The School of Computer and Software, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing China","School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen China","The School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen China","School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai China","School of Computer Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Enginnering, Tongji University, 12476 Shanghai, Shanghai, China, (e-mail: zhaoweilh@tongji.edu.cn)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Enginnering, Tongji University, Shanghai China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The School of Computer and Software, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009018575","display_name":"Chenxi Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2100-0259"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148128674","display_name":"University of Shanghai for Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00ay9v204","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75867142","display_name":"Xiamen University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01285e189","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}],"countries":["CN","GB","SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenxi Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics, Xiamen University, 12466 Xiamen, Fujian, China, (e-mail: supermonkeyxi@xmu.edu.cn)","School of Computer Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester UK","The School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen China","School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","The School of Computer and Software, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing China","School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen China","School of Software Enginnering, Tongji University, Shanghai China","School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2100-0259","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, Xiamen University, 12466 Xiamen, Fujian, China, (e-mail: supermonkeyxi@xmu.edu.cn)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505","https://openalex.org/I75867142"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The School of Computer and Software, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Enginnering, Tongji University, Shanghai China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031091803","display_name":"E. Y. K. Ng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5701-1080"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148128674","display_name":"University of Shanghai for Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00ay9v204","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["CN","GB","SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eddie Ng Yk","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 54761 Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, (e-mail: MYKNG@ntu.edu.sg)","School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","The School of Computer and Software, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing China","School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai China","The School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen China","School of Software Enginnering, Tongji University, Shanghai China","School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen China","School of Computer Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5701-1080","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 54761 Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, (e-mail: MYKNG@ntu.edu.sg)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The School of Computer and Software, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Enginnering, Tongji University, Shanghai China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031480448","display_name":"Yongyong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1970-1993"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148128674","display_name":"University of Shanghai for Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00ay9v204","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158809036","display_name":"Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03wrf9427","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158809036"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["CN","GB","SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongyong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, 529484 Shenzhen, Guangdong, China, Non (e-mail: yongyongchen.cn@gmail.com)","The School of Computer and Software, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing China","The School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen China","School of Software Enginnering, Tongji University, Shanghai China","School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen China","School of Computer Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester UK","School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai China","School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1970-1993","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, 529484 Shenzhen, Guangdong, China, Non (e-mail: yongyongchen.cn@gmail.com)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158809036"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The School of Computer and Software, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Enginnering, Tongji University, Shanghai China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031137983","display_name":"Jian Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0634-4843"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148128674","display_name":"University of Shanghai for Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00ay9v204","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["CN","GB","SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication and Information Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 12599 Chengdu, Sichuan, China, (e-mail: sj890718@gmail.com)","School of Computer Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester UK","School of Software Enginnering, Tongji University, Shanghai China","The School of Computer and Software, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing China","School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen China","School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai China","The School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0634-4843","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 12599 Chengdu, Sichuan, China, (e-mail: sj890718@gmail.com)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Enginnering, Tongji University, Shanghai China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The School of Computer and Software, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":5.1076,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":65,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95926309,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"9530","last_page":"9545"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9864000082015991,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8117226362228394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6890218257904053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.6683443784713745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6460636258125305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5994588136672974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5722935199737549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5247830748558044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4905942976474762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.48935097455978394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.47322002053260803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4671333134174347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4658302664756775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4368979334831238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.4163863956928253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extractor","display_name":"Extractor","score":0.4128502905368805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.40096810460090637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.3333020806312561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10354951024055481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07468041777610779}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8117226362228394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6890218257904053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.6683443784713745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6460636258125305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5994588136672974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5722935199737549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5247830748558044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4905942976474762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.48935097455978394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.47322002053260803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4671333134174347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4658302664756775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4368979334831238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.4163863956928253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117978034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5422192","display_name":"Extractor","level":2,"score":0.4128502905368805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.40096810460090637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3333020806312561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10354951024055481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07468041777610779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2021.3109661","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3109661","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/09528049.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:75554dff98284939a18c6a702cef2509","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/75554dff98284939a18c6a702cef2509","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Pp 9530-9545 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2021.3109661","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3109661","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/09528049.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1570251590","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62106063","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8876358742","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62102259","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3196798006.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3196798006.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":84,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W258213556","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1576332977","https://openalex.org/W1584663654","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1963500125","https://openalex.org/W1963860205","https://openalex.org/W1980038761","https://openalex.org/W2024815898","https://openalex.org/W2049677900","https://openalex.org/W2070452328","https://openalex.org/W2077689834","https://openalex.org/W2086866337","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2098676252","https://openalex.org/W2101760973","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2109255472","https://openalex.org/W2152449524","https://openalex.org/W2153425333","https://openalex.org/W2155893237","https://openalex.org/W2161346036","https://openalex.org/W2190186811","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2268837224","https://openalex.org/W2279098554","https://openalex.org/W2291068538","https://openalex.org/W2347115704","https://openalex.org/W2411876745","https://openalex.org/W2515866431","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2588561483","https://openalex.org/W2599857737","https://openalex.org/W2607558879","https://openalex.org/W2620429297","https://openalex.org/W2621526417","https://openalex.org/W2727875856","https://openalex.org/W2744582969","https://openalex.org/W2746325398","https://openalex.org/W2753799023","https://openalex.org/W2755992512","https://openalex.org/W2767089292","https://openalex.org/W2782266583","https://openalex.org/W2786225488","https://openalex.org/W2787070260","https://openalex.org/W2789619030","https://openalex.org/W2789784903","https://openalex.org/W2792261129","https://openalex.org/W2792416626","https://openalex.org/W2792857687","https://openalex.org/W2794179679","https://openalex.org/W2805817603","https://openalex.org/W2807872667","https://openalex.org/W2902746003","https://openalex.org/W2912089046","https://openalex.org/W2915568071","https://openalex.org/W2920611841","https://openalex.org/W2944302759","https://openalex.org/W2948329096","https://openalex.org/W2952710849","https://openalex.org/W2961121772","https://openalex.org/W2962891704","https://openalex.org/W2963420686","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2974770574","https://openalex.org/W2977355106","https://openalex.org/W2981340875","https://openalex.org/W2994639710","https://openalex.org/W2998002262","https://openalex.org/W3003675018","https://openalex.org/W3004916592","https://openalex.org/W3012429074","https://openalex.org/W3040988483","https://openalex.org/W3041608560","https://openalex.org/W3047443805","https://openalex.org/W3080321686","https://openalex.org/W3100399724","https://openalex.org/W3101012758","https://openalex.org/W3103695279","https://openalex.org/W3105298104","https://openalex.org/W3105577662","https://openalex.org/W4248710273","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6637373629"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3082848404","https://openalex.org/W1979583797","https://openalex.org/W2016864125","https://openalex.org/W2372254676","https://openalex.org/W3135697610","https://openalex.org/W2080135837","https://openalex.org/W4391621807","https://openalex.org/W2085033728","https://openalex.org/W2964954556","https://openalex.org/W3141979996"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,143,164,182],"remote":[1,102,139],"sensing":[2,103,140],"scene":[3,104,141],"images":[4],"classification":[5],"has":[6],"been":[7],"of":[8,42,137,154,169,206],"great":[9,27],"value":[10],"to":[11,85,89,133,215],"civil":[12],"and":[13,91,125,128,161,177,192,221],"military":[14],"fields.":[15,163],"Deep":[16],"learning":[17,66,81],"models,":[18],"especially":[19],"the":[20,40,43,50,54,63,67,79,87,94,135,138,172,186,193,197,211,218,235],"convolutional":[21],"neural":[22],"network":[23,88,117,212],"(CNN),":[24],"have":[25],"achieved":[26],"success":[28],"in":[29,65],"this":[30],"task,":[31],"however,":[32],"they":[33],"may":[34,74],"suffer":[35],"from":[36,157,190,201],"two":[37,110,170,208],"challenges:":[38],"firstly,":[39],"sizes":[41,153],"category":[44],"objects":[45],"are":[46],"usually":[47],"different,":[48],"but":[49],"conventional":[51],"CNN":[52],"extracts":[53,196],"features":[55,149,189,200],"with":[56],"fixed":[57],"convolution":[58],"extractor":[59],"which":[60,119],"could":[61],"cause":[62],"failure":[64],"multi-scale":[68,115,122,148],"features;":[69],"secondly,":[70],"some":[71],"image":[72,105],"regions":[73,97,223],"not":[75],"be":[76],"useful":[77],"during":[78],"feature":[80],"process,":[82],"therefore,":[83],"how":[84],"guide":[86],"select":[90],"focus":[92,216],"on":[93,217,227],"most":[95],"relevant":[96],"is":[98,167,213],"crucially":[99],"vital":[100],"for":[101],"classification.":[106,142],"To":[107],"address":[108],"these":[109],"challenges,":[111],"we":[112],"propose":[113],"a":[114,121,126],"attention":[116,130,174,179,188,199,209],"(MSA-Network),":[118],"integrates":[120],"(MS)":[123],"module":[124,132,146,166,176,184,195],"channel":[127,173],"position":[129,178],"(CPA)":[131],"boost":[134],"performance":[136],"proposed":[144,236],"MS":[145],"learns":[147,185],"by":[150],"adopting":[151],"various":[152],"sliding":[155],"windows":[156],"different":[158],"depths":[159],"layers":[160],"receptive":[162],"CPA":[165],"composed":[168],"parts:":[171],"(CA)":[175],"(PA)":[180],"one.":[181],"CA":[183],"global":[187],"channel-level,":[191],"PA":[194],"local":[198],"pixel-level.":[202],"Thus,":[203],"fusing":[204],"both":[205],"those":[207],"features,":[210],"apt":[214],"more":[219],"critical":[220],"salient":[222],"automatically.":[224],"Extensive":[225],"experiments":[226],"UC":[228],"Merced,":[229],"AID,":[230],"NWPU-RESISC45":[231],"datasets":[232],"demonstrate":[233],"that":[234],"MSA-Network":[237],"outperforms":[238],"several":[239],"state-of-the-art":[240],"methods.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}