{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3189222621","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3103744","title":"Dual Graph U-Nets for Hyperspectral Image Classification","display_name":"Dual Graph U-Nets for Hyperspectral Image Classification","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3189222621","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3103744","mag":"3189222621"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2021.3103744","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3103744","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/09511023.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/09511023.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041522379","display_name":"Fangming Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0093-9398"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fangming Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0093-9398","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100726881","display_name":"Zhongwei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3934-9053"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongwei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3934-9053","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008291362","display_name":"Ziqi Xin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9255-5481"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziqi Xin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101858575","display_name":"Xue Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1714-4161"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xue Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031199063","display_name":"Leiquan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4314-0030"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leiquan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4314-0030","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100436722","display_name":"Jie Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2635-7783"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2635-7783","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":1.9932,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87675564,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"8160","last_page":"8170"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9617999792098999,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9592999815940857,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.741987943649292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.6335165500640869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5994457602500916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5410434603691101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual-graph","display_name":"Dual graph","score":0.4861845374107361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4749170243740082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.4256255328655243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4223180413246155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3489457964897156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.16091251373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/planar-graph","display_name":"Planar graph","score":0.15828284621238708}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.741987943649292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.6335165500640869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5994457602500916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5410434603691101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169827030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294516","display_name":"Dual graph","level":4,"score":0.4861845374107361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4749170243740082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.4256255328655243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4223180413246155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3489457964897156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.16091251373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101837359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q547823","display_name":"Planar graph","level":3,"score":0.15828284621238708}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2021.3103744","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3103744","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/09511023.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9389d0cb5f8f41feb429b17b0f75a6e9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9389d0cb5f8f41feb429b17b0f75a6e9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Pp 8160-8170 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2021.3103744","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3103744","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/09511023.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.6200000047683716,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3234811838","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1906217","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4767535656","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"19CX05003A-3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5727579702","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62071491","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3189222621.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3189222621.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1521436688","https://openalex.org/W1939429412","https://openalex.org/W2025389829","https://openalex.org/W2073827457","https://openalex.org/W2101711129","https://openalex.org/W2104391405","https://openalex.org/W2114819256","https://openalex.org/W2122269389","https://openalex.org/W2127152713","https://openalex.org/W2158400785","https://openalex.org/W2158787690","https://openalex.org/W2162698522","https://openalex.org/W2164448908","https://openalex.org/W2548791488","https://openalex.org/W2582369608","https://openalex.org/W2614256707","https://openalex.org/W2770315464","https://openalex.org/W2789643644","https://openalex.org/W2892621946","https://openalex.org/W2901461790","https://openalex.org/W2912961521","https://openalex.org/W2922088567","https://openalex.org/W2937638900","https://openalex.org/W2944395072","https://openalex.org/W2964015378","https://openalex.org/W2984140474","https://openalex.org/W2991494819","https://openalex.org/W2994639710","https://openalex.org/W3002098459","https://openalex.org/W3003247314","https://openalex.org/W3004925702","https://openalex.org/W3005414792","https://openalex.org/W3006226691","https://openalex.org/W3014253313","https://openalex.org/W3023351371","https://openalex.org/W3024007459","https://openalex.org/W3047443805","https://openalex.org/W3080724268","https://openalex.org/W3103695279","https://openalex.org/W3103753223","https://openalex.org/W3105005050","https://openalex.org/W3105298104","https://openalex.org/W3130652158","https://openalex.org/W3145049705","https://openalex.org/W3160202947","https://openalex.org/W6726873649","https://openalex.org/W6757634740"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2072166414","https://openalex.org/W3209970181","https://openalex.org/W2060875994","https://openalex.org/W3034375524","https://openalex.org/W4230131218","https://openalex.org/W2404757046","https://openalex.org/W2044184146","https://openalex.org/W2076134148","https://openalex.org/W2084942241","https://openalex.org/W1522006748"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Graph":[0],"convolutional":[1],"neural":[2],"networks":[3],"(GCNs)":[4],"have":[5],"been":[6],"widely":[7],"used":[8],"in":[9,17],"hyperspectral":[10],"images":[11],"(HSIs)":[12],"classification":[13],"for":[14,93,110,193],"their":[15],"superiority":[16],"processing":[18],"non-Euclidean":[19],"structure":[20,171],"data.":[21],"The":[22,113],"performance":[23],"of":[24,141,204],"GCNs":[25],"relies":[26],"on":[27,174,197,208],"the":[28,51,62,101,131,138,142,165,168,185,198,202,205],"initial":[29],"graph":[30,82,89,92,115,133,160,169,179],"structure.":[31],"Most":[32],"GCN":[33,66,152],"models":[34,67],"only":[35],"utilize":[36],"spectral":[37,91,102,114,119,126,159,176,187],"information":[38,127],"to":[39,49,61,72,155,180],"construct":[40],"a":[41,80,150],"graph,":[42],"which":[43,145],"is":[44,84,116,128,134,153,172],"inaccurate":[45],"because":[46],"they":[47],"fail":[48],"take":[50],"relationship":[52,140],"between":[53],"adjacent":[54],"nodes":[55],"into":[56],"consideration.":[57],"In":[58],"addition,":[59],"due":[60],"over-smooth":[63,166],"phenomenon,":[64,167],"most":[65],"are":[68,108,191],"shallow":[69],"and":[70,90,103,130,158,177,188],"unable":[71],"extract":[73,156,181],"effective":[74,182],"features.":[75,183],"To":[76,99,163],"address":[77],"these":[78],"issues,":[79],"dual":[81,151],"u-nets":[83,170],"proposed":[85,206],"by":[86,97,118,136],"integrating":[87],"spatial":[88,104,132,147,157,178,189],"HSIs":[94,209],"classification,":[95],"denoted":[96],"DGU-HSI.":[98],"integration":[100],"information,":[105],"two":[106],"graphs":[107],"constructed":[109,135,175],"feature":[111],"extraction.":[112],"created":[117],"similarity":[120],"among":[121],"all":[122],"pixels":[123],"where":[124],"multirange":[125],"retained,":[129],"exploiting":[137],"neighborhood":[139],"center":[143],"pixel,":[144],"describes":[146],"information.":[148],"Then,":[149],"utilized":[154],"features":[161,190],"simultaneously.":[162],"relieve":[164],"applied":[173],"Finally,":[184],"extracted":[186],"fused":[192],"classification.":[194,210],"Experiments":[195],"conducted":[196],"public":[199],"datasets":[200],"demonstrate":[201],"effectiveness":[203],"method":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}