{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3183866356","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3100342","title":"Analyzing the Separability of SAR Classification Dataset in Open Set Conditions","display_name":"Analyzing the Separability of SAR Classification Dataset in Open Set Conditions","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3183866356","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3100342","mag":"3183866356"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2021.3100342","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3100342","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9314330/09497735.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9314330/09497735.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111696111","display_name":"Ning Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3764-2555"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ning Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032370631","display_name":"Mihai Datcu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3477-9687"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61641377","display_name":"Universitatea Na\u021bional\u0103 de \u0218tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i Tehnologie Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti","ror":"https://ror.org/0558j5q12","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}],"countries":["DE","RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mihai Datcu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Remote Sensing Technology Institute (IMF), German Aerospace Center(DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany","Research Center for Spatial Information (CEOSapceTech), University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest (UPB), Bucharest, Romania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Remote Sensing Technology Institute (IMF), German Aerospace Center(DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Spatial Information (CEOSapceTech), University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest (UPB), Bucharest, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059094652","display_name":"Zenghui Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1238-8538"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zenghui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027639981","display_name":"Weiwei Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5037-0972"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiwei Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Digital Innovation, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Digital Innovation, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064605829","display_name":"Juanping Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1620-4580"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juanping Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100445293","display_name":"Wenxian Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8741-776X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenxian Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":1.3001,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83795076,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"7895","last_page":"7910"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7419943809509277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.7180214524269104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6368148922920227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6116839647293091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.610514223575592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5738806128501892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.5474513173103333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-set","display_name":"Data set","score":0.5311499834060669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-set","display_name":"Open set","score":0.5295346975326538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.47129881381988525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-set","display_name":"Training set","score":0.43487071990966797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.43091028928756714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.3465425968170166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18240618705749512}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7419943809509277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.7180214524269104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6368148922920227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6116839647293091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.610514223575592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5738806128501892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.5474513173103333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.5311499834060669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42357961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213363","display_name":"Open set","level":2,"score":0.5295346975326538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.47129881381988525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.43487071990966797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.43091028928756714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3465425968170166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18240618705749512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2021.3100342","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3100342","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9314330/09497735.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1c3f9c7413e0411f8adea9ed6663dad9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1c3f9c7413e0411f8adea9ed6663dad9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Pp 7895-7910 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2021.3100342","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3100342","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9314330/09497735.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8681329955","display_name":"\u9762\u5411SAR\u56fe\u50cf\u76ee\u6807\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"62071333","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8929955196","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1830103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3183866356.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3183866356.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1520335995","https://openalex.org/W1920235975","https://openalex.org/W1945079004","https://openalex.org/W1959608418","https://openalex.org/W1984670836","https://openalex.org/W1990281071","https://openalex.org/W2006162762","https://openalex.org/W2079299474","https://openalex.org/W2081458210","https://openalex.org/W2103914106","https://openalex.org/W2108287924","https://openalex.org/W2108710077","https://openalex.org/W2111847198","https://openalex.org/W2117345453","https://openalex.org/W2119880843","https://openalex.org/W2151039611","https://openalex.org/W2152183234","https://openalex.org/W2158698691","https://openalex.org/W2166377520","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2248723555","https://openalex.org/W2269892441","https://openalex.org/W2604419082","https://openalex.org/W2752788177","https://openalex.org/W2762294195","https://openalex.org/W2775716424","https://openalex.org/W2794369498","https://openalex.org/W2907034392","https://openalex.org/W2914204846","https://openalex.org/W3000436394","https://openalex.org/W3001606623","https://openalex.org/W3004187475","https://openalex.org/W3012162230","https://openalex.org/W3016210511","https://openalex.org/W3035081753","https://openalex.org/W3044749031","https://openalex.org/W3047500567","https://openalex.org/W3089685169","https://openalex.org/W3113047382","https://openalex.org/W4226489086","https://openalex.org/W6640792036","https://openalex.org/W6640963894","https://openalex.org/W6735630411"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W19246820","https://openalex.org/W4210966920","https://openalex.org/W2550009779","https://openalex.org/W2106052468","https://openalex.org/W2786391746","https://openalex.org/W3132346564","https://openalex.org/W2991483587","https://openalex.org/W2914559142","https://openalex.org/W4226059458","https://openalex.org/W4381430104"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,92],"synthetic":[1],"aperture":[2],"radar":[3],"(SAR)":[4],"image":[5,214],"classification":[6,82,171,201],"applications,":[7],"there":[8,35,222],"are":[9,143,163,216,242],"three":[10],"categories":[11],"of":[12,65,80,166,169,187,231],"data,":[13,45],"including":[14],"training":[15,42],"and":[16,43,61,83,118,138,157,161,235,248],"benchmark":[17,44],"data":[18,26],"with":[19,127,193,239],"fixed":[20],"classes,":[21],"as":[22,24,49,107,130],"well":[23],"actual":[25],"in":[27,41,88,123,149,180,189,202],"practical":[28,81],"applications.":[29],"A":[30],"real":[31],"problem":[32],"comes":[33],"that":[34,177,188],"exist":[36],"unknown":[37,59,236],"classes":[38,60,117,215,234],"not":[39],"included":[40],"which":[46],"is":[47,100,184,196],"defined":[48,144],"the":[50,63,78,95,115,120,147,154,167,178,207,212,229],"open":[51,89,150,181,203],"set":[52,90,151,182,204],"condition.":[53],"However,":[54],"little":[55],"work":[56],"on":[57],"recognizing":[58],"analyzing":[62],"separability":[64,87,97,135,140,148],"SAR":[66,85,96,133,170,213],"datasets":[67],"has":[68],"been":[69],"developed.":[70],"Motivated":[71],"by":[72],"this":[73,75,93],"observation,":[74],"article":[76],"demonstrates":[77],"difficulty":[79,168],"analyzes":[84],"dataset":[86,155],"conditions.":[91,191,205],"article,":[94],"analyzer":[98],"(SAR-SA)":[99],"proposed":[101],"to":[102,145,198,244],"model":[103],"each":[104,124,220],"known":[105,116,125,233],"class":[106,158,208],"a":[108],"multivariate":[109],"Gaussian":[110],"distribution.":[111],"SAR-SA":[112],"can":[113],"classify":[114],"recognize":[119],"samples":[121],"locating":[122],"distribution":[126],"low":[128,194,240],"probabilities":[129],"unknown.":[131],"Besides,":[132],"datasetwise":[134],"index":[136,141],"(DSI)":[137],"classwise":[139],"(CSI)":[142],"quantify":[146],"conditions":[152,183],"at":[153],"level":[156],"level.":[159],"DSI":[160,179,195],"CSI":[162,241],"effective":[164],"indicators":[165],"datasets.":[172],"Extensive":[173],"experimental":[174],"results":[175],"demonstrate":[176],"nearly":[185],"half":[186],"supervised":[190,232],"Dataset":[192],"hard":[197],"realize":[199],"accurate":[200],"At":[206],"level,":[209],"even":[210],"though":[211],"semantically":[217],"different":[218],"from":[219],"other,":[221],"exists":[223],"more":[224],"or":[225],"less":[226],"overlap":[227],"between":[228],"distributions":[230],"classes.":[237],"Classes":[238],"harder":[243],"be":[245],"correctly":[246],"classified":[247],"recognized.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-17T09:13:05.818461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
