{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3184414361","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3099485","title":"A Novel Quality-Guided Two-Dimensional InSAR Phase Unwrapping Method via GAUNet","display_name":"A Novel Quality-Guided Two-Dimensional InSAR Phase Unwrapping Method via GAUNet","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3184414361","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3099485","mag":"3184414361"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2021.3099485","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3099485","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9314330/09496097.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9314330/09496097.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100452482","display_name":"Hai Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6206-8607"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hai Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6206-8607","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071442799","display_name":"Jun Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5412-2703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5412-2703","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029527420","display_name":"Haiqiang Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2306-8721"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haiqiang Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2306-8721","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078501240","display_name":"Changcheng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4461-068X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changcheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4461-068X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101624350","display_name":"Zhenhai Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8375-9271"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenhai Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":25.6224,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9915843,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"7840","last_page":"7856"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10534","display_name":"Structural Health Monitoring Techniques","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferometric-synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar","score":0.8184754848480225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7766194343566895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/absolute-phase","display_name":"Absolute phase","score":0.6746875047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.6580641269683838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambiguity","display_name":"Ambiguity","score":0.5065675973892212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5019075870513916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aliasing","display_name":"Aliasing","score":0.4779622256755829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/norm","display_name":"Norm (philosophy)","score":0.42454805970191956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.41190049052238464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3983701169490814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3926788568496704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase","display_name":"Phase (matter)","score":0.3803688883781433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1713278889656067}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22286887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666056","display_name":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar","level":3,"score":0.8184754848480225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7766194343566895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776521118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4669823","display_name":"Absolute phase","level":3,"score":0.6746875047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.6580641269683838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.5065675973892212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5019075870513916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4069607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868732","display_name":"Aliasing","level":3,"score":0.4779622256755829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191795146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3878446","display_name":"Norm (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.42454805970191956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.41190049052238464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3983701169490814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3926788568496704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.3803688883781433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1713278889656067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136536468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1225894","display_name":"Undersampling","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2021.3099485","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3099485","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9314330/09496097.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e9cd7fbd987c45479c2ffd2e250e3c21","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e9cd7fbd987c45479c2ffd2e250e3c21","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Pp 7840-7856 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2021.3099485","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3099485","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9314330/09496097.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.7699999809265137,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1647569921","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020JJ2043","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321514","funder_display_name":"Central South University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1767464481","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42030112","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3417671867","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021zzts0852","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321514","funder_display_name":"Central South University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G417849938","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42030112","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321514","funder_display_name":"Central South University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8056441113","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019CX007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321514","funder_display_name":"Central South University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321514","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321602","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332165","display_name":"National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02k4pxv54"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334900","display_name":"Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/059yhyy33"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3184414361.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3184414361.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W585975565","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1966976587","https://openalex.org/W1977545325","https://openalex.org/W2025969570","https://openalex.org/W2067781136","https://openalex.org/W2079299474","https://openalex.org/W2084744129","https://openalex.org/W2089109854","https://openalex.org/W2091695913","https://openalex.org/W2091764829","https://openalex.org/W2100495367","https://openalex.org/W2119969777","https://openalex.org/W2130204909","https://openalex.org/W2139917231","https://openalex.org/W2144803728","https://openalex.org/W2148505991","https://openalex.org/W2152403125","https://openalex.org/W2158755508","https://openalex.org/W2159006012","https://openalex.org/W2370213240","https://openalex.org/W2734349601","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2764034829","https://openalex.org/W2782522152","https://openalex.org/W2798122215","https://openalex.org/W2804488433","https://openalex.org/W2884585870","https://openalex.org/W2891534653","https://openalex.org/W2900139389","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2922795189","https://openalex.org/W2940726923","https://openalex.org/W2944537797","https://openalex.org/W2944779716","https://openalex.org/W2947263797","https://openalex.org/W2962914239","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2963420686","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2965034661","https://openalex.org/W2997225633","https://openalex.org/W3003223213","https://openalex.org/W3005516464","https://openalex.org/W3010584812","https://openalex.org/W3089250090","https://openalex.org/W3093642214","https://openalex.org/W3128476715","https://openalex.org/W3132455321","https://openalex.org/W3173869051","https://openalex.org/W3205423163","https://openalex.org/W4213060235","https://openalex.org/W4294214983","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6639824700","https://openalex.org/W6750469568","https://openalex.org/W6751733626","https://openalex.org/W6772750526","https://openalex.org/W6783978205","https://openalex.org/W6802624029"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1574921667","https://openalex.org/W3206958763","https://openalex.org/W2159160885","https://openalex.org/W4323364303","https://openalex.org/W4311305957","https://openalex.org/W3013323463","https://openalex.org/W4311223974","https://openalex.org/W2546889740","https://openalex.org/W2066039757","https://openalex.org/W2378156195"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Phase":[0],"unwrapping":[1],"(PU)":[2],"has":[3],"always":[4],"been":[5],"a":[6,28,42,89,101,153,201,212],"critical":[7],"and":[8,38,68,208,211],"challenging":[9],"step":[10],"in":[11,73,146],"interferometric":[12],"synthetic":[13],"aperture":[14],"radar":[15],"(InSAR)":[16],"data":[17],"processing.":[18],"Inspired":[19],"by":[20],"existing":[21],"research,":[22],"i.e.,":[23],"the":[24,46,49,55,64,74,77,82,94,105,124,137,140,147,161,167,172,178,182,185,191,194,216,230],"PGNet,":[25],"we":[26,175],"propose":[27],"novel":[29],"quality-guided":[30],"2-D":[31,234],"InSAR":[32],"PU":[33,40,79,235],"method":[34,196],"via":[35],"deep":[36],"learning,":[37],"regard":[39],"as":[41,88,133,171],"two-stage":[43],"process.":[44],"In":[45,188],"first":[47],"stage,":[48,76],"ambiguity":[50,108,163],"gradient":[51],"is":[52,86,100,129,197],"estimated":[53],"using":[54,166],"proposed":[56,195],"global":[57,69],"attention":[58,70,159],"U-Net":[59,66],"(GAUNet)":[60],"architecture,":[61],"which":[62],"combines":[63],"classic":[65],"structure":[67],"mechanism.":[71],"Then,":[72],"second":[75],"classical":[78],"framework":[80],"(e.g.,":[81],"L1-":[83],"or":[84],"L2-norm)":[85],"applied":[87],"post-processing":[90],"operation":[91],"to":[92,121,160,190],"retrieve":[93],"absolute":[95,186],"phase.":[96,187],"Since":[97],"class":[98],"imbalance":[99],"key":[102],"factor":[103],"affecting":[104],"estimation":[106],"of":[107,139,149,169,184],"gradient,":[109],"different":[110],"strategies":[111],"based":[112],"on":[113,200],"four":[114],"commonly":[115],"used":[116,232],"quality":[117,127],"maps":[118],"are":[119],"adopted":[120],"deal":[122],"with":[123,229],"problem.":[125],"The":[126],"map":[128],"not":[130],"only":[131],"input":[132],"additional":[134],"information":[135],"for":[136,181],"guidance":[138],"training":[141],"process,":[142],"but":[143],"also":[144],"participates":[145],"construction":[148],"loss":[150],"function.":[151],"As":[152],"result,":[154],"GAUNet":[155],"can":[156,176],"pay":[157],"more":[158],"nonzero":[162],"gradients.":[164],"By":[165],"number":[168],"residues":[170],"evaluation":[173],"metric,":[174],"choose":[177],"optimum":[179],"strategy":[180],"restoration":[183],"addition":[189],"simulated":[192],"interferograms,":[193],"tested":[198],"both":[199],"real":[202],"topographic":[203],"interferogram":[204,214],"exhibiting":[205],"rugged":[206],"topography":[207],"phase":[209],"aliasing":[210],"differential":[213],"measuring":[215],"deformation":[217],"from":[218],"MW":[219],"6.9":[220],"Hawaii":[221],"earthquake,":[222],"all":[223],"yield":[224],"state-of-art":[225],"performance":[226],"when":[227],"comparing":[228],"widely":[231],"traditional":[233],"methods.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}