{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3181264902","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3094673","title":"Automatic Road Extraction From Remote Sensing Imagery Using Ensemble Learning and Postprocessing","display_name":"Automatic Road Extraction From Remote Sensing Imagery Using Ensemble Learning and Postprocessing","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3181264902","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3094673","mag":"3181264902"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2021.3094673","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3094673","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9314330/09476905.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9314330/09476905.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054648750","display_name":"Junjie Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7627-5818"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junjie Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7627-5818","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013594490","display_name":"Yizhuo Meng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yizhuo Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015448302","display_name":"Donyu Dorjee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134217","display_name":"Tibet Autonomous Region People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0476td389","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134217"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donyu Dorjee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Climate Center of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Climate Center of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134217"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111036732","display_name":"Xiaobing Wei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaobing Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014625391","display_name":"Zhiyuan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3945-5638"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155611","display_name":"Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04e698d63","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155611"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Center (Hydrology Monitor and Forecast Center), Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Center (Hydrology Monitor and Forecast Center), Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155611"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100448121","display_name":"Wen Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5221-2628"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":3.1848,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91641851,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"10535","last_page":"10547"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9751999974250793,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8019846081733704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6722568869590759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5621691942214966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5036992430686951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4886329770088196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4845563471317291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.46640080213546753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gradient-descent","display_name":"Gradient descent","score":0.43980610370635986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-imagery","display_name":"Satellite imagery","score":0.41580596566200256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.39340391755104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.37308475375175476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.08159324526786804}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8019846081733704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6722568869590759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5621691942214966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5036992430686951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4886329770088196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4845563471317291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.46640080213546753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153258448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199743","display_name":"Gradient descent","level":3,"score":0.43980610370635986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778102629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725252","display_name":"Satellite imagery","level":2,"score":0.41580596566200256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.39340391755104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.37308475375175476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.08159324526786804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2021.3094673","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3094673","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9314330/09476905.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7b5777e8771c4cd8b74d705076169a6e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7b5777e8771c4cd8b74d705076169a6e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Pp 10535-10547 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2021.3094673","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3094673","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9314330/09476905.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G70335489","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFC0405806","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G812137776","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFC0405806","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336026","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China Stem Cell and Translational Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324116","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336026","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China Stem Cell and Translational Research","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3181264902.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3181264902.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W73112891","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1914219707","https://openalex.org/W1923697677","https://openalex.org/W2020436006","https://openalex.org/W2039367092","https://openalex.org/W2061413575","https://openalex.org/W2070594911","https://openalex.org/W2078816540","https://openalex.org/W2096579040","https://openalex.org/W2097375363","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2111308925","https://openalex.org/W2130103520","https://openalex.org/W2138719385","https://openalex.org/W2144572173","https://openalex.org/W2160619799","https://openalex.org/W2167215479","https://openalex.org/W2357655640","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2495231996","https://openalex.org/W2560023338","https://openalex.org/W2613985965","https://openalex.org/W2765854028","https://openalex.org/W2768723587","https://openalex.org/W2774320778","https://openalex.org/W2789894132","https://openalex.org/W2804199516","https://openalex.org/W2884281986","https://openalex.org/W2890554434","https://openalex.org/W2898504016","https://openalex.org/W2921476973","https://openalex.org/W2928453075","https://openalex.org/W2938004456","https://openalex.org/W2942939191","https://openalex.org/W2962914239","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2969350702","https://openalex.org/W2970971581","https://openalex.org/W2974589600","https://openalex.org/W2982628450","https://openalex.org/W2992559558","https://openalex.org/W2997342692","https://openalex.org/W3004648580","https://openalex.org/W3006511999","https://openalex.org/W3014641072","https://openalex.org/W3024167159","https://openalex.org/W3028051081","https://openalex.org/W3088134661","https://openalex.org/W3105136107","https://openalex.org/W4295266668","https://openalex.org/W4295312788","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6639824700","https://openalex.org/W6640015359","https://openalex.org/W6640295612","https://openalex.org/W6679388247","https://openalex.org/W6680684001","https://openalex.org/W6683874532","https://openalex.org/W6766978945","https://openalex.org/W6771457121","https://openalex.org/W6777534174"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4375867731","https://openalex.org/W2611989081","https://openalex.org/W2731899572","https://openalex.org/W4230611425","https://openalex.org/W4294635752","https://openalex.org/W4304166257","https://openalex.org/W4383066092","https://openalex.org/W3215138031","https://openalex.org/W2804383999","https://openalex.org/W1998698147"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"High-resolution":[0],"satellite":[1],"images":[2],"contain":[3],"valuable":[4],"road":[5,28,98,119,165],"semantic":[6],"information,":[7],"but":[8],"the":[9,16,25,65,79,91,123,127,134,141,154],"occlusion":[10],"of":[11,22,27,56,68,70,93,140,148],"vegetation":[12],"and":[13,15,19,54,75,100,112,132,137,162],"buildings":[14],"sparse":[17],"distribution":[18],"heterogeneous":[20],"appearance":[21],"roads":[23,41],"limit":[24],"accuracy":[26],"extraction":[29],"models.":[30],"In":[31,78,115],"this":[32],"article,":[33],"we":[34,117],"propose":[35],"a":[36,48,83],"novel":[37],"method":[38,156],"for":[39],"extracting":[40,131],"using":[42],"an":[43],"ensemble":[44],"learning":[45,60],"model":[46,61],"with":[47,126],"postprocessing":[49],"stage.":[50],"The":[51],"network":[52,129],"weights":[53],"biases":[55],"our":[57],"proposed":[58,155],"deep":[59],"are":[62],"transmitted":[63],"through":[64],"random":[66],"combination":[67],"layers":[69],"different":[71],"submodels":[72],"during":[73],"forward":[74],"backward":[76],"propagation.":[77],"gradient":[80],"descent":[81],"process,":[82],"superior":[84],"loss":[85],"function":[86],"is":[87,103],"designed":[88],"to":[89,105,109],"solve":[90,118],"problem":[92],"class":[94],"imbalance":[95],"caused":[96],"by":[97,130],"sparseness,":[99],"more":[101],"attention":[102],"given":[104],"hard":[106],"classification":[107],"samples":[108],"extract":[110,164],"narrow":[111],"covered":[113],"roads.":[114,142],"addition,":[116],"disconnection":[120],"issues":[121],"in":[122],"results":[124],"obtained":[125],"neural":[128],"analyzing":[133],"geometric":[135],"structures":[136],"feature":[138],"points":[139],"Experiments":[143],"on":[144],"two":[145],"challenging":[146],"datasets":[147],"remote":[149],"sensing":[150],"imagery":[151],"show":[152],"that":[153],"performs":[157],"better":[158],"than":[159],"other":[160],"models":[161],"can":[163],"information":[166],"from":[167],"complex":[168],"scenes.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}