{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3163026652","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3079459","title":"ESPC_NASUnet: An End-to-End Super-Resolution Semantic Segmentation Network for Mapping Buildings From Remote Sensing Images","display_name":"ESPC_NASUnet: An End-to-End Super-Resolution Semantic Segmentation Network for Mapping Buildings From Remote Sensing Images","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3163026652","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3079459","mag":"3163026652"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2021.3079459","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3079459","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9314330/09429949.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9314330/09429949.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076647906","display_name":"Penglei Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Penglei Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory for Remote Sensing of Environment, and Digital Cities, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2126-3996","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory for Remote Sensing of Environment, and Digital Cities, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941","https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051316999","display_name":"Hong Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9058-5724"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory for Remote Sensing of Environment, and Digital Cities, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9058-5724","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory for Remote Sensing of Environment, and Digital Cities, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941","https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087884920","display_name":"Jiayi Ge","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiayi Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory for Remote Sensing of Environment, and Digital Cities, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory for Remote Sensing of Environment, and Digital Cities, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941","https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101904898","display_name":"Feng Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8541-7400"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory for Remote Sensing of Environment, and Digital Cities, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory for Remote Sensing of Environment, and Digital Cities, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941","https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":2.6418,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8995288,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"5421","last_page":"5435"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6818416118621826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6666930317878723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution","display_name":"Image resolution","score":0.5609487295150757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5470366477966309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.45747020840644836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.44860556721687317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resolution","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","score":0.43325984477996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.42301851511001587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.21427127718925476}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6818416118621826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6666930317878723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.5609487295150757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5470366477966309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.45747020840644836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.44860556721687317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138268822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051925","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.43325984477996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.42301851511001587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.21427127718925476}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2021.3079459","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3079459","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9314330/09429949.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1817376aa0b54660b2d91eda89c1d828","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1817376aa0b54660b2d91eda89c1d828","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Pp 5421-5435 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2021.3079459","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3079459","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9314330/09429949.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.7099999785423279}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1810812739","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFB0504104","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2574024102","display_name":"\u5377\u79ef\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u9065\u611f\u56fe\u50cf\u65f6\u7a7a\u5143\u6570\u636e\u5d4c\u5165\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ca\u5e94\u7528\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"41971280","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2823813935","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFB0504104","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336026","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China Stem Cell and Translational Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336026","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China Stem Cell and Translational Research","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3163026652.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3163026652.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W54257720","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1909515874","https://openalex.org/W2023868423","https://openalex.org/W2027000042","https://openalex.org/W2031489346","https://openalex.org/W2085665642","https://openalex.org/W2148868685","https://openalex.org/W2157494358","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2242218935","https://openalex.org/W2326674917","https://openalex.org/W2393129636","https://openalex.org/W2476548250","https://openalex.org/W2480078828","https://openalex.org/W2518108298","https://openalex.org/W2593697158","https://openalex.org/W2618943282","https://openalex.org/W2621121458","https://openalex.org/W2623331213","https://openalex.org/W2780544323","https://openalex.org/W2787614951","https://openalex.org/W2793327769","https://openalex.org/W2890197410","https://openalex.org/W2902505103","https://openalex.org/W2956181704","https://openalex.org/W2963263347","https://openalex.org/W2963815618","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W2964081807","https://openalex.org/W2964164961","https://openalex.org/W2964309882","https://openalex.org/W2966450079","https://openalex.org/W2997564896","https://openalex.org/W3033128064","https://openalex.org/W3035028692","https://openalex.org/W3046108465","https://openalex.org/W3049595576","https://openalex.org/W3085907610","https://openalex.org/W6602211262","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6639824700","https://openalex.org/W6726497184","https://openalex.org/W6748481559","https://openalex.org/W6779637626"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2362774332","https://openalex.org/W4249245269","https://openalex.org/W2765548132","https://openalex.org/W2025681766","https://openalex.org/W1522196789","https://openalex.org/W2369060955","https://openalex.org/W2542402767","https://openalex.org/W3023086044","https://openalex.org/W2142226356","https://openalex.org/W3210000161"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Higher":[0],"resolution":[1,6,20,31,112,116],"building":[2,32,52,207],"mapping":[3],"from":[4,56,113],"lower":[5,114],"remote":[7,117],"sensing":[8,118],"images":[9,119,221],"is":[10,35,94,135,195],"in":[11,24,120,143,183],"great":[12],"demand":[13],"due":[14],"to":[15,98,105,211],"the":[16,25,41,88,95,132,136,157,166,169,184,203,223,227],"lack":[17],"of":[18,27,77,90,145,154],"higher":[19,110],"data":[21],"access,":[22],"especially":[23],"context":[26],"disaster":[28],"assessment.":[29],"High":[30],"layout":[33],"map":[34],"crucial":[36],"for":[37,127],"emergency":[38,44],"rescue":[39],"after":[40],"disaster.":[42],"The":[43,124],"response":[45],"time":[46],"would":[47],"be":[48],"reduced":[49],"if":[50],"detailed":[51],"footprints":[53],"were":[54],"delineated":[55],"more":[57,178],"easily":[58],"available":[59],"low-resolution":[60,199],"data.":[61],"To":[62,87],"achieve":[63],"this":[64,93],"goal,":[65],"we":[66],"propose":[67],"a":[68,78,83,101],"super-resolution":[69,80],"semantic":[70,84,107,208,215],"segmentation":[71,85,216],"network":[72,134,194,205],"called":[73],"ESPC_NASUnet,":[74],"which":[75],"consists":[76],"feature":[79],"module":[81],"and":[82,149,163,173,181,222],"module.":[86],"best":[89,137],"authors'":[91],"knowledge,":[92],"first":[96],"work":[97],"systematically":[99],"explore":[100],"deep":[102],"learning-based":[103],"approach":[104],"generate":[106],"maps":[108,209],"with":[109,189,219],"spatial":[111,115],"an":[121],"end-to-end":[122,141,175,193],"fashion.":[123],"experimental":[125],"results":[126],"two":[128,185,228],"datasets":[129],"suggest":[130],"that":[131],"proposed":[133,204],"among":[138],"four":[139],"different":[140],"architectures":[142],"terms":[144,153],"both":[146],"pixel-level":[147,155],"metrics":[148],"object-level":[150,167],"metrics.":[151],"In":[152],"F1-score,":[156,168],"improvements":[158],"are":[159,177],"greater":[160],"than":[161,179],"0.068":[162],"0.055.":[164],"Regarding":[165],"disparities":[170],"between":[171],"ESPC_NASUnet":[172],"other":[174],"methods":[176],"0.083":[180],"0.161":[182],"datasets,":[186],"respectively.":[187],"Compared":[188],"stage-wise":[190],"methods,":[191],"our":[192],"less":[196],"impacted":[197],"by":[198,214],"input":[200],"images.":[201],"Finally,":[202],"produces":[206],"comparable":[210],"those":[212],"generated":[213],"networks":[217],"trained":[218],"high-resolution":[220],"ground":[224],"truth":[225],"utilizing":[226],"datasets.":[229]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
