{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3156066202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3073994","title":"E-D-Net: Automatic Building Extraction From High-Resolution Aerial Images With Boundary Information","display_name":"E-D-Net: Automatic Building Extraction From High-Resolution Aerial Images With Boundary Information","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3156066202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3073994","mag":"3156066202"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2021.3073994","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3073994","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9314330/09408358.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9314330/09408358.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034861962","display_name":"Yuting Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9789-4028"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuting Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic, and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9789-4028","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic, and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052355295","display_name":"Zili Liang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32574673","display_name":"Shantou University","ror":"https://ror.org/01a099706","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32574673"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zili Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32574673"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081305410","display_name":"Jingwen Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6153-3519"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32574673","display_name":"Shantou University","ror":"https://ror.org/01a099706","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32574673"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingwen Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32574673"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101469932","display_name":"Chen Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3865-0896"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799850029","display_name":"Dongguan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01m8p7q42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799850029"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, and Intelligentization, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3865-0896","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, and Intelligentization, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799850029"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100452949","display_name":"Xiaoqing Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoqing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic, and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic, and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034861962"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":5.3104,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96064581,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"4595","last_page":"4606"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8198956251144409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerial-image","display_name":"Aerial image","score":0.7034112215042114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6739484071731567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.672574520111084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6688859462738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.5481692552566528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-extraction","display_name":"Information extraction","score":0.54796302318573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/net","display_name":"Net (polyhedron)","score":0.4813450276851654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.4783724844455719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4677341878414154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.46431681513786316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.46326735615730286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.45179179310798645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4506521224975586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.33306393027305603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.32907557487487793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.06568711996078491}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8198956251144409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776429412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4688011","display_name":"Aerial image","level":3,"score":0.7034112215042114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6739484071731567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.672574520111084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6688859462738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.5481692552566528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195807954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662562","display_name":"Information extraction","level":2,"score":0.54796302318573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14166107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q253829","display_name":"Net (polyhedron)","level":2,"score":0.4813450276851654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.4783724844455719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4677341878414154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.46431681513786316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.46326735615730286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.45179179310798645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4506521224975586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.33306393027305603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.32907557487487793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.06568711996078491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2021.3073994","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3073994","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9314330/09408358.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5d48eb6b034140bc830278e2a4a2142d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5d48eb6b034140bc830278e2a4a2142d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Pp 4595-4606 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2021.3073994","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3073994","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9314330/09408358.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8199999928474426}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2749153744","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016KZDXM012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326279","funder_display_name":"Department of Education of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2867611411","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61672335","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4506533003","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61601276","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6643207116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016A030310077","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326279","funder_display_name":"Department of Education of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7205878646","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017KCXTD015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326279","funder_display_name":"Department of Education of Guangdong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313934","display_name":"Institut national de recherche en informatique et en automatique (INRIA)","ror":"https://ror.org/02kvxyf05"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326279","display_name":"Department of Education of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3156066202.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3156066202.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W73112891","https://openalex.org/W1561442812","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1991927948","https://openalex.org/W2053468219","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2136922672","https://openalex.org/W2155148032","https://openalex.org/W2165282790","https://openalex.org/W2314029052","https://openalex.org/W2416190443","https://openalex.org/W2500751094","https://openalex.org/W2520172704","https://openalex.org/W2547880720","https://openalex.org/W2564140372","https://openalex.org/W2592583011","https://openalex.org/W2606492274","https://openalex.org/W2609402060","https://openalex.org/W2735039185","https://openalex.org/W2804962028","https://openalex.org/W2807746031","https://openalex.org/W2886742956","https://openalex.org/W2888799854","https://openalex.org/W2901886595","https://openalex.org/W2920326761","https://openalex.org/W2963263347","https://openalex.org/W2963525222","https://openalex.org/W2963659230","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W2971095420","https://openalex.org/W3022656627","https://openalex.org/W3023923911","https://openalex.org/W3054909038","https://openalex.org/W3096113665","https://openalex.org/W3105636206","https://openalex.org/W6639824700","https://openalex.org/W6716302598","https://openalex.org/W6726497184","https://openalex.org/W6747680804","https://openalex.org/W6748481559","https://openalex.org/W6752397968"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989735375","https://openalex.org/W2912321008","https://openalex.org/W2034727732","https://openalex.org/W2324368075","https://openalex.org/W1998607122","https://openalex.org/W2972032537","https://openalex.org/W2050609384","https://openalex.org/W338149487","https://openalex.org/W2127305659","https://openalex.org/W2112693048"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,87],"automatic":[1],"extraction":[2,192],"of":[3,45,54,91,111,125,144],"buildings":[4],"from":[5,39,83],"high-resolution":[6],"aerial":[7,41,85,162],"imagery":[8],"plays":[9],"a":[10,33,69,129,136,197],"significant":[11],"role":[12],"in":[13,27,36,66],"many":[14],"urban":[15],"applications.":[16],"Recently,":[17],"the":[18,46,52,98,108,112,115,123,142,145,160,167,178,182],"convolution":[19],"neural":[20,73],"network":[21,74],"(CNN)":[22],"has":[23],"gained":[24],"much":[25],"attention":[26],"remote":[28],"sensing":[29],"field":[30],"and":[31,95,106,127,166,189],"achieved":[32],"remarkable":[34],"performance":[35],"building":[37,81,191],"segmentation":[38,72,82],"visible":[40,84],"images.":[42,86,113],"However,":[43],"most":[44],"existing":[47,179],"CNN-based":[48,180],"methods":[49],"still":[50],"have":[51],"problem":[53],"tending":[55],"to":[56,104,121,150],"produce":[57],"predictions":[58],"with":[59,131,154,177],"poor":[60],"boundaries.":[61],"To":[62],"address":[63],"this":[64,67],"problem,":[65],"article,":[68],"novel":[70,137],"semantic":[71,171],"named":[75],"edge-detail-network":[76],"(E-D-Net)":[77],"is":[78,102,119,148],"proposed":[79,88,149,183],"for":[80,200],"E-D-Net":[89,184],"consists":[90],"two":[92,146],"subnetworks":[93,147],"E-Net":[94,101,126],"D-Net.":[96],"On":[97,114],"one":[99],"hand,":[100,117],"designed":[103,120],"capture":[105],"preserve":[107],"edge":[109,152],"information":[110,153],"other":[116],"D-Net":[118],"refine":[122],"results":[124,158],"get":[128],"prediction":[130],"higher":[132,190],"detail":[133],"quality.":[134],"Furthermore,":[135],"fusion":[138],"strategy,":[139],"which":[140],"combines":[141],"outputs":[143],"integrate":[151],"fine":[155],"details.":[156],"Experimental":[157],"on":[159],"INRIA":[161],"image":[163],"labeling":[164,172],"dataset":[165,173],"ISPRS":[168],"Vaihingen":[169],"2-D":[170],"demonstrate":[174],"that,":[175],"compared":[176],"model,":[181],"provides":[185],"noticeably":[186],"more":[187],"robust":[188],"performance,":[193],"thus":[194],"making":[195],"it":[196],"useful":[198],"tool":[199],"practical":[201],"application":[202],"scenarios.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}