{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3153807431","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3073101","title":"Multitemporal Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 Images for Characterization and Discrimination of Young Forest Stands Under Regeneration in Norway","display_name":"Multitemporal Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 Images for Characterization and Discrimination of Young Forest Stands Under Regeneration in Norway","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3153807431","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3073101","mag":"3153807431"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2021.3073101","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3073101","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9314330/09405392.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9314330/09405392.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041310335","display_name":"Vahid Akbari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9621-8180"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143403","display_name":"Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04aah1z61","country_code":"NO","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143403"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vahid Akbari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, \u00c5s, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9621-8180","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, \u00c5s, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143403"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001913092","display_name":"Svein Solberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3068-8208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143403","display_name":"Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04aah1z61","country_code":"NO","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143403"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Svein Solberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, \u00c5s, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, \u00c5s, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143403"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053490540","display_name":"Stefano Puliti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4624-8987"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143403","display_name":"Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04aah1z61","country_code":"NO","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143403"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Puliti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, \u00c5s, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, \u00c5s, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143403"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":0.8241,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6818012,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"5049","last_page":"5063"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12713","display_name":"Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Studies","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11880","display_name":"Forest ecology and management","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.7212269306182861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6727017760276794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regeneration","display_name":"Regeneration (biology)","score":0.5809966325759888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-forest","display_name":"National forest","score":0.530167818069458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forest-inventory","display_name":"Forest inventory","score":0.5283829569816589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forestry","display_name":"Forestry","score":0.5186368823051453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thinning","display_name":"Thinning","score":0.5049958825111389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.4775579571723938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.4508669972419739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forest-structure","display_name":"Forest structure","score":0.4449809193611145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3674214482307434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forest-management","display_name":"Forest management","score":0.3655606508255005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3139324188232422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.27247822284698486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.2586830258369446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1913045346736908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08613386750221252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.07718491554260254}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.7212269306182861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6727017760276794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171056886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193119","display_name":"Regeneration (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5809966325759888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993660981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6972762","display_name":"National forest","level":2,"score":0.530167818069458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147103442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423188","display_name":"Forest inventory","level":3,"score":0.5283829569816589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112","display_name":"Forestry","level":1,"score":0.5186368823051453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781353100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1266974","display_name":"Thinning","level":2,"score":0.5049958825111389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.4775579571723938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.4508669972419739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983469836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4421","display_name":"Forest structure","level":3,"score":0.4449809193611145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3674214482307434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28631016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372561","display_name":"Forest management","level":2,"score":0.3655606508255005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3139324188232422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.27247822284698486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2586830258369446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1913045346736908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08613386750221252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.07718491554260254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101000010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5033434","display_name":"Canopy","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2021.3073101","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3073101","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9314330/09405392.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b3f058bc2f5e4873b27394db28f50835","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b3f058bc2f5e4873b27394db28f50835","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Pp 5049-5063 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:munin.uit.no:10037/23637","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10037/23637","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400066","display_name":"Munin Open Research Archive (The Arctic University of Norway)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I78037679","host_organization_name":"UiT The Arctic University of Norway","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78037679"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:nibio.brage.unit.no:11250/2788634","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2788634","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401716","display_name":"Duo Research Archive (University of Oslo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","host_organization_name":"University of Oslo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"5049-5063","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/other"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2021.3073101","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3073101","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9314330/09405392.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5400000214576721}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3153807431.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3153807431.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W30635995","https://openalex.org/W1602107991","https://openalex.org/W1662323679","https://openalex.org/W1969245801","https://openalex.org/W1976193075","https://openalex.org/W1977526892","https://openalex.org/W1980801609","https://openalex.org/W1981213426","https://openalex.org/W1984067473","https://openalex.org/W1985258161","https://openalex.org/W1993390623","https://openalex.org/W1994508789","https://openalex.org/W2004759643","https://openalex.org/W2036745212","https://openalex.org/W2044976920","https://openalex.org/W2047516284","https://openalex.org/W2049398443","https://openalex.org/W2061941573","https://openalex.org/W2062553310","https://openalex.org/W2068240313","https://openalex.org/W2075505566","https://openalex.org/W2084986966","https://openalex.org/W2093502632","https://openalex.org/W2094677081","https://openalex.org/W2097447406","https://openalex.org/W2105781415","https://openalex.org/W2110263055","https://openalex.org/W2113242816","https://openalex.org/W2128198571","https://openalex.org/W2143716001","https://openalex.org/W2146618204","https://openalex.org/W2152269371","https://openalex.org/W2156606791","https://openalex.org/W2156905489","https://openalex.org/W2158698691","https://openalex.org/W2164777277","https://openalex.org/W2169087452","https://openalex.org/W2513188338","https://openalex.org/W2571255323","https://openalex.org/W2808092904","https://openalex.org/W2899265136","https://openalex.org/W2901203279","https://openalex.org/W2901511107","https://openalex.org/W2903684873","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2912371500","https://openalex.org/W2912934387","https://openalex.org/W2945897702","https://openalex.org/W2952540497","https://openalex.org/W2963614266","https://openalex.org/W2983286147","https://openalex.org/W2989983865","https://openalex.org/W3002867668","https://openalex.org/W3034401742","https://openalex.org/W3042689715","https://openalex.org/W3117044710","https://openalex.org/W4212883601","https://openalex.org/W4251356425","https://openalex.org/W6601196142","https://openalex.org/W6636950212","https://openalex.org/W6787434688"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974171500","https://openalex.org/W2978317526","https://openalex.org/W2620317666","https://openalex.org/W152657053","https://openalex.org/W2190513844","https://openalex.org/W2883563055","https://openalex.org/W2765876372","https://openalex.org/W197952294","https://openalex.org/W3000444419","https://openalex.org/W2584449615"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"is":[1,34],"a":[2,17,208],"need":[3],"for":[4,19,47,65,92,202],"mapping":[5],"of":[6,31,39,51,67,78,108,138,140,163,211,216,235,244],"forest":[7,52,68,74,104,110,131,194],"areas":[8],"with":[9,207,233],"young":[10],"stands":[11,53,69,195],"under":[12,54,70,196],"regeneration":[13,71,197],"in":[14,115,145,182,198,218],"Norway,":[15],"as":[16,221],"basis":[18],"conducting":[20],"tending,":[21],"or":[22,186],"precommercial":[23],"thinning":[24],"(PCT),":[25],"whenever":[26],"necessary.":[27],"The":[28,99,190],"main":[29],"objective":[30],"this":[32],"article":[33],"to":[35,126,172,184],"show":[36],"the":[37,58,93,109,128,141,199],"potential":[38],"multitemporal":[40,85],"Sentinel-1":[41],"(S-1)":[42],"and":[43,49,62,80,87,96,113,159,165,179,213,227,247],"Sentinel-2":[44],"(S-2)":[45],"data":[46,89,181,188],"characterization":[48],"detection":[50,209],"regeneration.":[55],"We":[56],"identify":[57],"most":[59,222],"powerful":[60],"radar":[61,81],"optical":[63,79,157],"features":[64,82,123],"discrimination":[66,175],"versus":[72],"other":[73],"stands.":[75],"A":[76,135],"number":[77],"derived":[83],"from":[84,119],"S-1":[86,151,164,178,185],"S-2":[88,156,166,180,187],"were":[90,124],"used":[91,125,144],"class":[94,174],"separability":[95],"cross-correlation":[97],"analysis.":[98],"analysis":[100],"was":[101,143],"performed":[102],"on":[103],"resource":[105],"maps":[106],"consisting":[107],"development":[111],"classes":[112],"age":[114],"two":[116],"study":[117,137,191],"sites":[118],"south-eastern":[120],"Norway.":[121],"Important":[122],"train":[127],"classical":[129],"random":[130],"(RF)":[132],"classification":[133,169],"algorithm.":[134],"comparative":[136],"performance":[139],"algorithm":[142],"three":[146],"cases:":[147],"I)":[148],"using":[149,154,161,177],"only":[150,155],"features,":[152],"II)":[153],"bands,":[158],"III)":[160],"combination":[162],"features.":[167],"RF":[168],"results":[170],"pointed":[171],"increased":[173],"when":[176],"relation":[183],"only.":[189],"shows":[192],"that":[193],"height":[200],"interval":[201],"PCT":[203],"can":[204],"be":[205,231],"detected":[206],"rate":[210],"91%":[212],"F-1":[214],"score":[215],"73.2%":[217],"case":[219],"III":[220],"accurate,":[223],"while":[224],"tree":[225],"density":[226],"broadleaf":[228],"fraction":[229],"could":[230],"estimated":[232],"coefficient":[234],"determination":[236],"(":[237],"<inline-formula":[238],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[239],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><tex-math":[240],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\text":[241],"{R}^2$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[242],")":[243],"about":[245],"0.70":[246],"0.80,":[248],"respectively.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
