{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3147702910","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3069989","title":"An Energy Spectrum Algorithm for Wind Direction Retrieval From <i>X</i>-Band Marine Radar Image Sequences","display_name":"An Energy Spectrum Algorithm for Wind Direction Retrieval From <i>X</i>-Band Marine Radar Image Sequences","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3147702910","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3069989","mag":"3147702910"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2021.3069989","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3069989","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9314330/09392308.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9314330/09392308.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100460905","display_name":"Hui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1863-4813"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096899","display_name":"Jiangsu University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00tyjp878","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Information, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China","Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1863-4813","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Information, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031949135","display_name":"Haiyang Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9058-2715"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096899","display_name":"Jiangsu University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00tyjp878","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haiyang Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9058-2715","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015628923","display_name":"Zhizhong Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1461-9093"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhizhong Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China","Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1461-9093","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100436103","display_name":"Lei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1887-6222"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1887-6222","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059039334","display_name":"Rizwan Akhtar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0023-5056"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096899","display_name":"Jiangsu University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00tyjp878","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rizwan Akhtar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronics and Information School, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics and Information School, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007278408","display_name":"Yanbo Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8032-2314"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117164","display_name":"Luoyang Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/029man787","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117164"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanbo Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Physical and Electronic Information, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8032-2314","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Physical and Electronic Information, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117164"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":1.5977,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80439821,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"4074","last_page":"4088"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10255","display_name":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.6396178007125854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6367070078849792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6040214896202087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5041478872299194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-cross-section","display_name":"Radar cross-section","score":0.49907493591308594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.47132351994514465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.456453800201416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-direction","display_name":"Wind direction","score":0.4246682822704315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.29226893186569214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2915039658546448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2532738447189331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-speed","display_name":"Wind speed","score":0.24566245079040527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.1300351321697235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1266847550868988}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.6396178007125854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6367070078849792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6040214896202087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5041478872299194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101457746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q560430","display_name":"Radar cross-section","level":3,"score":0.49907493591308594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.47132351994514465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.456453800201416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107775477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1057900","display_name":"Wind direction","level":3,"score":0.4246682822704315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.29226893186569214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2915039658546448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2532738447189331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161067210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1464943","display_name":"Wind speed","level":2,"score":0.24566245079040527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.1300351321697235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1266847550868988}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2021.3069989","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3069989","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9314330/09392308.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:eae9bb98fbdf4c519d9f6a8ab7d51d92","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/eae9bb98fbdf4c519d9f6a8ab7d51d92","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Pp 4074-4088 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2021.3069989","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3069989","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9314330/09392308.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8600000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G416698210","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41906154","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4808244108","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41906154","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7519374901","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20180988","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8737427122","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20180988","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321605","display_name":"Government of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/004svx814"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3147702910.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3147702910.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W995995084","https://openalex.org/W1511187889","https://openalex.org/W1528973033","https://openalex.org/W2027282652","https://openalex.org/W2054261558","https://openalex.org/W2059263447","https://openalex.org/W2064883310","https://openalex.org/W2065979037","https://openalex.org/W2086480050","https://openalex.org/W2110279975","https://openalex.org/W2110566517","https://openalex.org/W2111844810","https://openalex.org/W2115889871","https://openalex.org/W2118776329","https://openalex.org/W2126528522","https://openalex.org/W2134222349","https://openalex.org/W2145000756","https://openalex.org/W2157730826","https://openalex.org/W2158876553","https://openalex.org/W2170884130","https://openalex.org/W2242096387","https://openalex.org/W2285251433","https://openalex.org/W2517726192","https://openalex.org/W2563915952","https://openalex.org/W2588262451","https://openalex.org/W2613147348","https://openalex.org/W2617899471","https://openalex.org/W2744782154","https://openalex.org/W2768106960","https://openalex.org/W2771185917","https://openalex.org/W2774732543","https://openalex.org/W2792696662","https://openalex.org/W2794648063","https://openalex.org/W2930743608","https://openalex.org/W2942474829","https://openalex.org/W2985480130","https://openalex.org/W2996728648","https://openalex.org/W2999742312","https://openalex.org/W3008978047","https://openalex.org/W3112907130","https://openalex.org/W3116355623","https://openalex.org/W6631517935"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3006474185","https://openalex.org/W2483195039","https://openalex.org/W2611761074","https://openalex.org/W2048211457","https://openalex.org/W2281797687","https://openalex.org/W2358411735","https://openalex.org/W2107024632","https://openalex.org/W2358598243","https://openalex.org/W3168129058","https://openalex.org/W3094505422"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"study,":[2],"an":[3,91,174],"energy":[4],"spectrum":[5],"(ES)":[6],"algorithm":[7,20,134],"is":[8,21,56,65,87,107,135,170,173],"proposed":[9,133,162],"to":[10,30,109],"retrieve":[11],"wind":[12,79,85,99,117,168],"direction":[13,64,169],"fromX-band":[14,140],"marine":[15],"radar":[16,35,49,53,114,129,141],"image":[17,54],"sequences.":[18],"This":[19],"based":[22,73],"on":[23,74,97],"utilizing":[24],"the":[25,39,59,75,98,111,123,126,147,150,156,161,164],"occlusion":[26],"area":[27],"zero-pixel":[28],"percentage":[29],"distinguish":[31],"rain-free":[32,68],"and":[33,44,69],"rain-contaminated":[34,40],"data.":[36],"And":[37],"then":[38],"images":[41,142],"are":[42,120],"detected":[43],"discarded.":[45],"The":[46,81,116,132],"effect":[47],"of":[48,77,83,113,125,149],"radial":[50,70],"attenuation":[51],"in":[52],"sequences":[55],"modified":[57],"by":[58,89],"piecewise":[60],"fitting":[61],"technique.":[62],"Wind":[63],"determined":[66],"from":[67,122,146],"correction":[71],"data,":[72,158],"ES":[76,82,92,112],"small-scale":[78,84],"streaks.":[80],"streaks":[86],"obtained":[88],"establishing":[90],"scale":[93],"separation":[94],"filter.":[95],"Based":[96],"streak":[100,118],"characteristics,":[101],"a":[102],"2-D":[103],"fast":[104],"Fourier":[105],"transform":[106],"used":[108],"obtain":[110],"images.":[115],"characteristics":[119],"derived":[121],"distribution":[124],"azimuth":[127],"normalization":[128],"cross":[130],"section.":[131],"tested":[136],"using":[137,160],"data":[138,145],"collected":[139],"andin":[143],"situanemometer":[144],"coast":[148],"East":[151],"China":[152],"Sea.":[153],"Compared":[154],"with":[155],"anemometer":[157],"after":[159],"algorithm,":[163],"root-mean-square":[165],"difference":[166],"for":[167,177],"12.13\u00b0,":[171],"which":[172],"acceptable":[175],"result":[176],"engineering":[178],"application.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2021-04-13T00:00:00"}