{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3143173331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3069032","title":"Low-Rank Approximation and Multiple Sparse Constraint Modeling for Infrared Low-Flying Fixed-Wing UAV Detection","display_name":"Low-Rank Approximation and Multiple Sparse Constraint Modeling for Infrared Low-Flying Fixed-Wing UAV Detection","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3143173331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3069032","mag":"3143173331"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2021.3069032","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3069032","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9314330/09387528.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9314330/09387528.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101698224","display_name":"Wei Xue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4518-8321"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92178344","display_name":"Anhui University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02qdtrq21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92178344"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Automatic Target Recognition, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University of Technology, Ma\u2019anshan, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4518-8321","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Automatic Target Recognition, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University of Technology, Ma\u2019anshan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92178344"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92178344"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071985172","display_name":"Jiahao Qi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2560-8157"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiahao Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Automatic Target Recognition, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2560-8157","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Automatic Target Recognition, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011031724","display_name":"Guoqing Shao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0346-9248"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guoqing Shao","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Automatic Target Recognition, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Automatic Target Recognition, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zixuan Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4153-5058"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zixuan Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Automatic Target Recognition, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4153-5058","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Automatic Target Recognition, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100410618","display_name":"Yu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3217-2600"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Automatic Target Recognition, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Automatic Target Recognition, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079556851","display_name":"Ping Zhong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8686-3928"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ping Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Automatic Target Recognition, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8686-3928","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Automatic Target Recognition, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":37.6553,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99517591,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"4150","last_page":"4166"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14257","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notation","display_name":"Notation","score":0.6107833385467529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rank","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","score":0.5568759441375732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","score":0.5003476142883301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/norm","display_name":"Norm (philosophy)","score":0.49003779888153076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.45589685440063477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.44985780119895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3726053237915039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.34677132964134216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.33729755878448486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.08324509859085083}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45357846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001982","display_name":"Notation","level":2,"score":0.6107833385467529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164226766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293202","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5568759441375732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5003476142883301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191795146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3878446","display_name":"Norm (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.49003779888153076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45589685440063477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.44985780119895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3726053237915039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.34677132964134216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.33729755878448486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.08324509859085083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2021.3069032","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3069032","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9314330/09387528.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:accd453d54cd4164906e0ec767a88eb3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/accd453d54cd4164906e0ec767a88eb3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Pp 4150-4166 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2021.3069032","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3069032","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9314330/09387528.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1477131465","display_name":"\u9762\u5411\u56fe\u50cf\u5206\u6790\u7684\u9690\u53d8\u91cf\u591a\u6837\u5316\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61671456","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G562490864","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61806004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5735822948","display_name":"\u9ad8\u5149\u8c31\u9065\u611f\u56fe\u50cf\u6c34\u4e0b\u76ee\u6807\u68c0\u6d4b\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61971428","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6884984257","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020T130767","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3143173331.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3143173331.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974589565","https://openalex.org/W1978993121","https://openalex.org/W1984550953","https://openalex.org/W1992873714","https://openalex.org/W2061208604","https://openalex.org/W2103559027","https://openalex.org/W2117675177","https://openalex.org/W2118702465","https://openalex.org/W2121766511","https://openalex.org/W2131628350","https://openalex.org/W2139356527","https://openalex.org/W2140803156","https://openalex.org/W2145962650","https://openalex.org/W2175634846","https://openalex.org/W2182957671","https://openalex.org/W2321620204","https://openalex.org/W2340859457","https://openalex.org/W2380902041","https://openalex.org/W2385442927","https://openalex.org/W2394863419","https://openalex.org/W2472688184","https://openalex.org/W2505029951","https://openalex.org/W2578172673","https://openalex.org/W2595507267","https://openalex.org/W2608358103","https://openalex.org/W2612125686","https://openalex.org/W2617737158","https://openalex.org/W2754401499","https://openalex.org/W2767218132","https://openalex.org/W2790021535","https://openalex.org/W2792108380","https://openalex.org/W2803108972","https://openalex.org/W2853949691","https://openalex.org/W2887870915","https://openalex.org/W2893348249","https://openalex.org/W2900546872","https://openalex.org/W2900678331","https://openalex.org/W2912919760","https://openalex.org/W2913825664","https://openalex.org/W2943085839","https://openalex.org/W2946475319","https://openalex.org/W2952513291","https://openalex.org/W2971486651","https://openalex.org/W2972929155","https://openalex.org/W2979758704","https://openalex.org/W3034092487","https://openalex.org/W3098726713","https://openalex.org/W3104099693","https://openalex.org/W3119966815","https://openalex.org/W4248837922","https://openalex.org/W4403738039","https://openalex.org/W6679973066","https://openalex.org/W6680860885","https://openalex.org/W6754219872","https://openalex.org/W6873441989","https://openalex.org/W6991725454"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2504004674","https://openalex.org/W1987679298","https://openalex.org/W2963177394","https://openalex.org/W2361403716","https://openalex.org/W2904061867","https://openalex.org/W4289115725","https://openalex.org/W2967798957","https://openalex.org/W2047537297","https://openalex.org/W3144644423","https://openalex.org/W2024384195"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Infrared":[0],"dim":[1,131,209],"small":[2,132,210],"target":[3,44,125,146,211],"detection":[4,37,58],"is":[5],"one":[6],"of":[7,14,38,67,87],"the":[8,12,36,77,104,110,124,130,139,145,152,160,171,183,201],"important":[9],"contents":[10],"in":[11,135,144,206],"research":[13],"military":[15],"applications":[16],"such":[17],"as":[18,64,84],"remote":[19],"sensing":[20],"intelligence":[21],"reconnaissance,":[22],"long-range":[23],"precision":[24],"strike,":[25],"aerospace":[26],"offense\u2013defense":[27],"confrontation,":[28],"etc.":[29],"In":[30],"this":[31,50],"article,":[32],"we":[33,52,97,175],"focus":[34],"on":[35,46,103,123,191],"low-flying":[39,196],"fixed-wing":[40],"unmanned":[41],"aerial":[42],"vehicle":[43],"based":[45],"infrared":[47,78,208],"imaging.":[48],"To":[49],"end,":[51],"propose":[53],"a":[54,65,85,99,115,192],"simple":[55],"and":[56,70,94,113,159,216],"effective":[57],"model,":[59],"which":[60],"can":[61],"be":[62,82],"viewed":[63],"combination":[66],"low-rank":[68,101],"approximation":[69,102],"multiple":[71],"sparse":[72],"constraints.":[73],"We":[74],"first":[75],"model":[76],"image":[79,147],"that":[80,200],"to":[81,108,127,137,169,181],"detected":[83],"sum":[86],"three":[88],"patch":[89,106],"matrices":[90],"called":[91],"background,":[92,150],"target,":[93],"noise.":[95],"Then,":[96],"put":[98,114],"nonconvex":[100],"background":[105,111],"matrix":[107,126,157,165],"suppress":[109],"edges":[112,142],"reweighted":[116],"<inline-formula":[117,153,161],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[118,154,162],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><tex-math":[119,155,163],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$l_{1,1}$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[120,156],"-norm":[121],"constraint":[122],"better":[128],"preserve":[129],"target.":[133],"Moreover,":[134],"order":[136],"eliminate":[138],"strong":[140],"residual":[141],"left":[143],"under":[148],"complex":[149],"both":[151],"norm":[158,166],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$l_{2,1}$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[164],"are":[167],"used":[168],"constrain":[170],"noise":[172],"patch.":[173],"Finally,":[174],"develop":[176],"an":[177],"alternating":[178],"optimization":[179],"algorithm":[180],"solve":[182],"associated":[184],"minimization":[185],"problem.":[186],"Extensive":[187],"experiments":[188],"carried":[189],"out":[190],"recently":[193],"released":[194],"real":[195],"UAV":[197],"database":[198],"show":[199],"proposed":[202],"approach":[203],"works":[204],"well":[205],"detecting":[207],"measured":[212],"by":[213],"qualitative":[214],"analysis":[215],"quantitative":[217],"analysis.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-18T07:39:51.176621","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}