{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3132645184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3059451","title":"A Hyperspectral Image Classification Method Using Multifeature Vectors and Optimized KELM","display_name":"A Hyperspectral Image Classification Method Using Multifeature Vectors and Optimized KELM","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3132645184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3059451","mag":"3132645184"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2021.3059451","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3059451","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9314330/09354987.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9314330/09354987.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101625465","display_name":"Huayue Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1063-8158"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16351329","display_name":"China West Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/04s99y476","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16351329"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31595395","display_name":"Chengdu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05pejbw21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huayue Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Internet of Things Perception and Big Data Analysis Key Laboratory of Nanchong, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China","Key Laboratory of Earth Exploration and Information Technology of Ministry of Education, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China","School of Computer Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Internet of Things Perception and Big Data Analysis Key Laboratory of Nanchong, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16351329"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Earth Exploration and Information Technology of Ministry of Education, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16351329"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103216486","display_name":"Fang Miao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8427-760X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31595395","display_name":"Chengdu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05pejbw21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fang Miao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Earth Exploration and Information Technology of Ministry of Education, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Earth Exploration and Information Technology of Ministry of Education, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112182225","display_name":"Yijia Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16351329","display_name":"China West Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/04s99y476","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16351329"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yijia Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Internet of Things Perception and Big Data Analysis Key Laboratory of Nanchong, Nanchong, China","School of Computer Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Internet of Things Perception and Big Data Analysis Key Laboratory of Nanchong, Nanchong, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16351329"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109168770","display_name":"Yijun Xiong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31595395","display_name":"Chengdu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05pejbw21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yijun Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Earth Exploration and Information Technology of Ministry of Education, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Earth Exploration and Information Technology of Ministry of Education, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100357694","display_name":"Tao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5381-5770"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16351329","display_name":"China West Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/04s99y476","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16351329"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Internet of Things Perception and Big Data Analysis Key Laboratory of Nanchong, Nanchong, China","School of Computer Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Internet of Things Perception and Big Data Analysis Key Laboratory of Nanchong, Nanchong, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16351329"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101625465"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16351329","https://openalex.org/I31595395"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":17.0417,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":157,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9932838,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"2781","last_page":"2795"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9814000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9584000110626221,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.9330884218215942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.7555338144302368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7478537559509277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.683246374130249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.643415093421936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5931053161621094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.5545032024383545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.5534915924072266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-binary-patterns","display_name":"Local binary patterns","score":0.47627681493759155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extreme-learning-machine","display_name":"Extreme learning machine","score":0.4583562910556793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.3864081799983978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.38078707456588745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3300328850746155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2089892327785492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.0960715115070343}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.9330884218215942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7555338144302368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7478537559509277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.683246374130249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.643415093421936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5931053161621094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5545032024383545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.5534915924072266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87335442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2494345","display_name":"Local binary patterns","level":4,"score":0.47627681493759155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780150128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21948731","display_name":"Extreme learning machine","level":3,"score":0.4583562910556793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3864081799983978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.38078707456588745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3300328850746155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2089892327785492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.0960715115070343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2021.3059451","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3059451","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9314330/09354987.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b525444acf714981a45045c0b028c5dc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b525444acf714981a45045c0b028c5dc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Pp 2781-2795 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2021.3059451","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3059451","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9314330/09354987.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8905877928","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"16ZA0177","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322970","funder_display_name":"Education Department of Sichuan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8969050953","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"17YC147","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324420","funder_display_name":"China West Normal University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322970","display_name":"Education Department of Sichuan Province","ror":"https://ror.org/05s1c4z27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324420","display_name":"China West Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/04s99y476"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328111","display_name":"Chengdu University","ror":"https://ror.org/034z67559"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3132645184.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3132645184.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1250213479","https://openalex.org/W1972524915","https://openalex.org/W2041100636","https://openalex.org/W2061438946","https://openalex.org/W2069231830","https://openalex.org/W2096553553","https://openalex.org/W2101674911","https://openalex.org/W2111072639","https://openalex.org/W2152057649","https://openalex.org/W2168880067","https://openalex.org/W2294492906","https://openalex.org/W2332185029","https://openalex.org/W2334150308","https://openalex.org/W2395448127","https://openalex.org/W2412588858","https://openalex.org/W2463468632","https://openalex.org/W2491382389","https://openalex.org/W2574557462","https://openalex.org/W2603834682","https://openalex.org/W2762884213","https://openalex.org/W2773750825","https://openalex.org/W2795396578","https://openalex.org/W2804982862","https://openalex.org/W2808776742","https://openalex.org/W2809113079","https://openalex.org/W2811355488","https://openalex.org/W2901920630","https://openalex.org/W2904698365","https://openalex.org/W2904854801","https://openalex.org/W2944413439","https://openalex.org/W2946747211","https://openalex.org/W2964323817","https://openalex.org/W2971027447","https://openalex.org/W2980054274","https://openalex.org/W2981742420","https://openalex.org/W2989590988","https://openalex.org/W2990128068","https://openalex.org/W2994639710","https://openalex.org/W3003326148","https://openalex.org/W3011645114","https://openalex.org/W3013482090","https://openalex.org/W3021090805","https://openalex.org/W3021558247","https://openalex.org/W3023351371","https://openalex.org/W3024007459","https://openalex.org/W3045811518","https://openalex.org/W3047573009","https://openalex.org/W3047862089","https://openalex.org/W3049655825","https://openalex.org/W3081682612","https://openalex.org/W3087576977","https://openalex.org/W3089856079","https://openalex.org/W3096193467","https://openalex.org/W3100499011","https://openalex.org/W3105298104","https://openalex.org/W3107835908","https://openalex.org/W3112573264","https://openalex.org/W3116159108","https://openalex.org/W3118408813","https://openalex.org/W3122774149","https://openalex.org/W3128261864","https://openalex.org/W6757540415"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2072166414","https://openalex.org/W2067443264","https://openalex.org/W3209970181","https://openalex.org/W2060875994","https://openalex.org/W2055219403","https://openalex.org/W3034375524","https://openalex.org/W4230131218","https://openalex.org/W2404757046","https://openalex.org/W2044184146","https://openalex.org/W2070598848"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"improve":[1],"the":[2,39,42,58,71,84,111,131,134,142],"accuracy":[3],"and":[4,20,117,121,149],"generalization":[5,153],"ability":[6,154],"of":[7,41,45,63,86,124,133],"hyperspectral":[8,28,46,64,105,165],"image":[9,106],"classification,":[10],"a":[11,104,160],"feature":[12],"extraction":[13],"method":[14],"integrating":[15],"principal":[16],"component":[17],"analysis":[18],"(PCA)":[19],"local":[21,59],"binary":[22],"pattern":[23],"(LBP)":[24],"is":[25,35,54,80,99],"developed":[26],"for":[27,155,163],"images":[29,65],"in":[30],"this":[31],"article.":[32],"The":[33,48,136],"PCA":[34],"employed":[36,81],"to":[37,56,66,82,92,101,129],"reduce":[38],"dimension":[40],"spectral":[43],"features":[44,62],"images.":[47,166],"LBP":[49],"with":[50,76],"low":[51],"computational":[52],"complexity":[53],"used":[55,100],"extract":[57],"spatial":[60],"texture":[61],"construct":[67,93],"multifeature":[68],"vectors.":[69],"Then,":[70],"gray":[72],"wolf":[73],"optimization":[74],"algorithm":[75],"global":[77],"search":[78],"capability":[79],"optimize":[83],"parameters":[85],"kernel":[87],"extreme":[88],"learning":[89],"machine":[90],"(KELM)":[91],"an":[94,122],"optimized":[95],"KELM":[96],"model,":[97],"which":[98],"effectively":[102],"realize":[103],"classification":[107,147],"(PLG-KELM)":[108],"method.":[109],"Finally,":[110],"Indian":[112],"pines":[113],"dataset,":[114,116],"Houston":[115],"Pavia":[118],"University":[119],"dataset":[120,126],"application":[123],"WHU-Hi-LongKou":[125],"are":[127],"selected":[128],"verify":[130],"effectiveness":[132],"PLG-KELM.":[135],"comparison":[137],"experiment":[138],"results":[139],"show":[140],"that":[141],"PLG-KELM":[143],"can":[144],"obtain":[145],"higher":[146],"accuracy,":[148],"takes":[150],"on":[151],"better":[152],"small":[156],"samples.":[157],"It":[158],"provides":[159],"new":[161],"idea":[162],"processing":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":81},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-01T17:29:45.350535","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
