{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3128346309","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3056124","title":"Densely Connected Multiscale Attention Network for Hyperspectral Image Classification","display_name":"Densely Connected Multiscale Attention Network for Hyperspectral Image Classification","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3128346309","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3056124","mag":"3128346309"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2021.3056124","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3056124","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9314330/09345335.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9314330/09345335.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044826967","display_name":"Hongmin Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8404-2464"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hongmin Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer and Information, Hohai University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8404-2464","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer and Information, Hohai University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082649316","display_name":"Yawen Miao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yawen Miao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer and Information, Hohai University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer and Information, Hohai University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061181307","display_name":"Xueying Cao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xueying Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer and Information, Hohai University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer and Information, Hohai University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100703823","display_name":"Chenming Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0959-7600"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenming Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer and Information, Hohai University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0959-7600","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer and Information, Hohai University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044826967"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":3.2874,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92550602,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"2563","last_page":"2576"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9470999836921692,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.8040980100631714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.7401426434516907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7093491554260254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7036321759223938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.6625158786773682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.6112102270126343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5603090524673462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.5385094881057739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","score":0.5174230337142944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-analysis","display_name":"Spatial analysis","score":0.4855508506298065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.4711797535419464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuse","display_name":"Fuse (electrical)","score":0.47017091512680054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.41697007417678833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.3115047812461853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.22014477849006653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.19301214814186096}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.8040980100631714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7401426434516907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7093491554260254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7036321759223938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.6625158786773682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.6112102270126343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5603090524673462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.5385094881057739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5174230337142944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.4855508506298065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.4711797535419464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141353440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182221","display_name":"Fuse (electrical)","level":2,"score":0.47017091512680054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.41697007417678833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3115047812461853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.22014477849006653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.19301214814186096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2021.3056124","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3056124","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9314330/09345335.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8f6a78fd36534834b43863e3acbdd901","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8f6a78fd36534834b43863e3acbdd901","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Pp 2563-2576 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2021.3056124","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3056124","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9314330/09345335.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7099999785423279,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2168686525","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFC1508106","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2625515555","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFC1508106","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3302288881","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61701166","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4658630977","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62071168","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4673663050","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"B200202183","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7080807647","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"B200202183","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7405719256","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFC1508106","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8491900668","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61701166","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3128346309.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3128346309.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1521436688","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W1875842236","https://openalex.org/W1966580635","https://openalex.org/W1979730959","https://openalex.org/W1982427174","https://openalex.org/W1998030734","https://openalex.org/W2022470997","https://openalex.org/W2028469338","https://openalex.org/W2029316659","https://openalex.org/W2090424610","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2097915756","https://openalex.org/W2098622092","https://openalex.org/W2121766492","https://openalex.org/W2129686634","https://openalex.org/W2144966944","https://openalex.org/W2155658307","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2262249176","https://openalex.org/W2546942002","https://openalex.org/W2572303978","https://openalex.org/W2582369608","https://openalex.org/W2609880332","https://openalex.org/W2755992512","https://openalex.org/W2764276316","https://openalex.org/W2767805377","https://openalex.org/W2793272303","https://openalex.org/W2822065499","https://openalex.org/W2902746003","https://openalex.org/W2907100627","https://openalex.org/W2907147407","https://openalex.org/W2914331134","https://openalex.org/W2963403868","https://openalex.org/W2963420686","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2964350391","https://openalex.org/W2966751049","https://openalex.org/W2971007343","https://openalex.org/W2989871747","https://openalex.org/W2994639710","https://openalex.org/W3031696400","https://openalex.org/W3034552520","https://openalex.org/W3036200672","https://openalex.org/W3040988483","https://openalex.org/W3043719198","https://openalex.org/W3046027728","https://openalex.org/W3047443805","https://openalex.org/W3048631361","https://openalex.org/W3075397214","https://openalex.org/W3096675569","https://openalex.org/W3099608030","https://openalex.org/W3101012758","https://openalex.org/W3101640299","https://openalex.org/W3102692100","https://openalex.org/W3103695279","https://openalex.org/W3104313739","https://openalex.org/W3105021316","https://openalex.org/W3105298104","https://openalex.org/W3122774149","https://openalex.org/W4240485910","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6638667902","https://openalex.org/W6692962889","https://openalex.org/W6694260854","https://openalex.org/W6739901393"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2072166414","https://openalex.org/W3209970181","https://openalex.org/W2060875994","https://openalex.org/W3000097931","https://openalex.org/W3034375524","https://openalex.org/W2354322770","https://openalex.org/W4230131218","https://openalex.org/W2404757046","https://openalex.org/W2761785940","https://openalex.org/W2129933262"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hyperspectral":[0],"images":[1],"(HSIs)":[2],"are":[3,10,64,146,159,205],"characterized":[4],"by":[5],"high":[6],"spatial":[7],"resolution":[8],"and":[9,55,74,89,175,177,235],"rich":[11],"in":[12,228],"spectral":[13,115],"information.":[14],"In":[15,31],"the":[16,21,28,34,49,56,60,77,82,114,118,120,128,150,181,187,197,202,209,214,223,233,237],"process":[17],"of":[18,23,84,87,91,117,137,143,168,183,232],"HSI":[19,94,109,130],"classification,":[20],"extraction":[22,86],"spectral-spatial":[24,152],"features":[25,57,88,153,164,199,203,231],"directly":[26],"influences":[27],"classification":[29,36,78,210],"results.":[30],"recent":[32],"years,":[33],"hyperspectral":[35],"method":[37,225],"based":[38,102],"on":[39,103,127],"convolutional":[40,62],"neural":[41],"networks":[42],"has":[43],"demonstrated":[44],"excellent":[45],"performance.":[46],"However,":[47],"as":[48],"network":[50,101],"structure":[51],"deepens,":[52],"degradation":[53],"occurs,":[54],"learned":[58],"from":[59,93,154,166],"fixed-scale":[61],"kernels":[63],"usually":[65],"specific,":[66],"which":[67],"is":[68,106,125,191,226],"not":[69],"conducive":[70],"to":[71,112,148,161,179,194,200,208],"feature":[72,173],"learning":[73],"thus":[75],"impairs":[76],"accuracy.":[79],"To":[80],"solve":[81],"problem":[83,182],"difficult":[85],"underutilization":[90],"information":[92],"data,":[95],"a":[96],"densely":[97],"connected":[98],"multiscale":[99,134],"attention":[100,189],"3-D":[104],"convolution":[105,141],"proposed":[107,224],"for":[108],"classification.":[110],"First,":[111],"reduce":[113],"redundancy":[116],"HSIs,":[119],"principal":[121],"component":[122],"analysis":[123],"algorithm":[124],"performed":[126],"raw":[129],"data;":[131],"then,":[132],"several":[133],"blocks":[135,167],"comprised":[136],"parallel":[138],"factorized":[139],"spatial-spectral":[140],"modules":[142],"different":[144,169],"sizes":[145],"adopted":[147],"extract":[149],"enriched":[151],"HSIs;":[155],"furthermore,":[156],"dense":[157],"connections":[158],"introduced":[160],"further":[162],"fuse":[163],"obtained":[165],"depths,":[170],"thereby":[171],"enhancing":[172],"reuse":[174],"propagation":[176],"helping":[178],"alleviate":[180],"vanishing":[184],"gradients.":[185],"Besides,":[186],"channel-spectral-spatial":[188],"block":[190],"put":[192],"forward":[193],"spontaneously":[195],"reweight":[196],"fused":[198],"emphasize":[201],"that":[204,222],"more":[206],"relevant":[207,216],"results":[211,220],"while":[212],"weakening":[213],"less":[215],"ones.":[217],"The":[218],"experimental":[219],"show":[221],"effective":[227],"extracting":[229],"discriminative":[230],"target":[234],"outperforms":[236],"other":[238],"state-of-the-art":[239],"methods.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
