{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3119776735","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3051653","title":"An Over-Segmentation-Based Uphill Clustering Method for Individual Trees Extraction in Urban Street Areas From MLS Data","display_name":"An Over-Segmentation-Based Uphill Clustering Method for Individual Trees Extraction in Urban Street Areas From MLS Data","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3119776735","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3051653","mag":"3119776735"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2021.3051653","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3051653","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9314330/09324917.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9314330/09324917.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100334706","display_name":"Jintao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0195-3992"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jintao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Spatial Information Engineering, Beijing, China","College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0195-3992","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Spatial Information Engineering, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110709899","display_name":"Xiaojun Cheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojun Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001697092","display_name":"Zhenlun Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200946902","display_name":"Yichun University","ror":"https://ror.org/05h4th693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200946902"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenlun Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Big Data Development Administration of Yichun, Yichun, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Big Data Development Administration of Yichun, Yichun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200946902"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Wang Guo","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Huace Navigation Technology Company Ltd., Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Huace Navigation Technology Company Ltd., Shanghai, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100334706"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":1.8302,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82859636,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"2206","last_page":"2221"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12644","display_name":"Wildlife-Road Interactions and Conservation","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.7947069406509399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.7622106671333313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.698249876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6566879153251648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.5908979177474976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5442067384719849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4889787435531616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extraction","display_name":"Extraction (chemistry)","score":0.4774523377418518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/completeness","display_name":"Completeness (order theory)","score":0.4746592342853546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crown","display_name":"Crown (dentistry)","score":0.44047796726226807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.43522676825523376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.42523759603500366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.37163668870925903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.35305455327033997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21744072437286377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.12694242596626282}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.7947069406509399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.7622106671333313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.698249876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6566879153251648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.5908979177474976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5442067384719849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4889787435531616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4725764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844704","display_name":"Extraction (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.4774523377418518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17231256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156540","display_name":"Completeness (order theory)","level":2,"score":0.4746592342853546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778400979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q143720","display_name":"Crown (dentistry)","level":2,"score":0.44047796726226807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.43522676825523376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.42523759603500366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.37163668870925903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.35305455327033997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21744072437286377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.12694242596626282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2021.3051653","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3051653","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9314330/09324917.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e7a01bdcaa0a4c1592dbba85259243e1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e7a01bdcaa0a4c1592dbba85259243e1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Pp 2206-2221 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2021.3051653","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3051653","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9314330/09324917.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8199999928474426,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5529438324","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41974213","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3119776735.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3119776735.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1652321627","https://openalex.org/W1940621874","https://openalex.org/W1968203732","https://openalex.org/W2018189911","https://openalex.org/W2019190157","https://openalex.org/W2041642242","https://openalex.org/W2043543487","https://openalex.org/W2052794186","https://openalex.org/W2099346911","https://openalex.org/W2100816864","https://openalex.org/W2101907415","https://openalex.org/W2110992253","https://openalex.org/W2111915155","https://openalex.org/W2135249503","https://openalex.org/W2146027607","https://openalex.org/W2147357829","https://openalex.org/W2152864241","https://openalex.org/W2211970501","https://openalex.org/W2261435657","https://openalex.org/W2410072516","https://openalex.org/W2418489050","https://openalex.org/W2509596959","https://openalex.org/W2512829498","https://openalex.org/W2530953581","https://openalex.org/W2536640939","https://openalex.org/W2560012107","https://openalex.org/W2583461717","https://openalex.org/W2596873134","https://openalex.org/W2604378975","https://openalex.org/W2612665351","https://openalex.org/W2616896738","https://openalex.org/W2620773907","https://openalex.org/W2664032461","https://openalex.org/W2774763808","https://openalex.org/W2794121684","https://openalex.org/W2795361594","https://openalex.org/W2801833195","https://openalex.org/W2804872164","https://openalex.org/W2893333163","https://openalex.org/W2900757738","https://openalex.org/W2902218628","https://openalex.org/W2903388419","https://openalex.org/W2934180171","https://openalex.org/W2947292611","https://openalex.org/W2963281829","https://openalex.org/W2973342970","https://openalex.org/W2973851693","https://openalex.org/W3003249314","https://openalex.org/W3012494314","https://openalex.org/W3035122126","https://openalex.org/W3102274561","https://openalex.org/W6681629000","https://openalex.org/W6750047873","https://openalex.org/W6767624216"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1667647204","https://openalex.org/W2404647514","https://openalex.org/W4247536566","https://openalex.org/W2018477250","https://openalex.org/W3119814709","https://openalex.org/W4241418540","https://openalex.org/W1508895727","https://openalex.org/W2725786787","https://openalex.org/W4283160672","https://openalex.org/W4392910024"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,129],"article,":[2],"an":[3,134],"over-segmentation-based":[4],"uphill":[5,115,143],"clustering":[6,116,144],"method":[7,137,173,201],"for":[8,138,206],"individual":[9,101,135],"extraction":[10,38,103,136,151,208],"of":[11,72,80,128,152,159,187,191,196,209],"urban":[12,164],"street":[13,139,177],"trees":[14,102,140,178,211],"from":[15,110,121,180],"mobile":[16],"laser":[17],"scanning":[18],"data":[19,74],"is":[20,60,75,104,131],"proposed":[21,172,200],"to":[22,132],"solve":[23],"the":[24,27,44,55,70,78,87,111,122,150,157,171,176,181,185,189,194,199,207,217,222,227],"problem":[25],"that":[26,69,145,170,212],"existing":[28],"methods":[29],"depend":[30],"heavily":[31,214],"on":[32,142,149],"tree":[33,45,89,153],"trunks":[34,46,92,120],"and":[35,51,54,77,91,117,193,226,232],"have":[36],"poor":[37],"results":[39,161,168],"in":[40,162,216],"complex":[41,163],"environments":[42],"where":[43],"are":[47,64,83,93,213,229],"blocked":[48,215],"by":[49,66,95,106],"cars":[50],"green":[52,218],"belts,":[53],"crown":[56],"touching":[57],"or":[58],"interlocking":[59],"large.":[61],"First,":[62],"supervoxels":[63],"generated":[65],"over-segmentation,":[67],"so":[68],"amount":[71],"original":[73],"reduced":[76],"boundaries":[79],"different":[81],"objects":[82],"effectively":[84,174],"preserved.":[85],"Then,":[86],"potential":[88,112,123],"crowns":[90,109,113],"obtained":[94],"extracting":[96,107],"typical":[97],"object":[98],"structures.":[99],"Finally,":[100],"realized":[105],"independent":[108],"via":[114],"searching":[118],"corresponding":[119,223],"trunks.":[124],"The":[125,166],"main":[126],"contribution":[127],"article":[130],"propose":[133],"based":[141],"does":[146],"not":[147],"rely":[148],"trunks,":[154],"which":[155],"improves":[156],"completeness":[158,186],"extracted":[160,175],"environments.":[165],"experimental":[167],"demonstrate":[169],"individually":[179],"test":[182],"data,":[183],"with":[184],"100%,":[188],"correctness":[190],"96.4%,":[192],"F-score":[195,228],"0.98.":[197],"Moreover,":[198],"also":[202],"achieves":[203],"good":[204],"result":[205],"greening":[210],"belt":[219],"areas.":[220],"And":[221],"completeness,":[224],"correctness,":[225],"94.6%,":[230],"83.3%,":[231],"0.89,":[233],"respectively.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}