{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3112907130","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2020.3043739","title":"Rain-Contaminated Region Segmentation of X-Band Marine Radar Images With an Ensemble of SegNets","display_name":"Rain-Contaminated Region Segmentation of X-Band Marine Radar Images With an Ensemble of SegNets","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3112907130","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2020.3043739","mag":"3112907130"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2020.3043739","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2020.3043739","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9314330/09290353.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9314330/09290353.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100682003","display_name":"Xinwei Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0649-7284"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130438778","display_name":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","ror":"https://ror.org/04haebc03","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xinwei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090385470","display_name":"Weimin Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9622-5041"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130438778","display_name":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","ror":"https://ror.org/04haebc03","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weimin Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9622-5041","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060891928","display_name":"Merrick C. Haller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8760-4362"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131249849","display_name":"Oregon State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysfqy60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Merrick C. Haller","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil and Construction Engineering, Oregon State University Corvallis, OR, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8760-4362","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil and Construction Engineering, Oregon State University Corvallis, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028760405","display_name":"Randall Pittman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6719-2321"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131249849","display_name":"Oregon State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysfqy60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Randall Pittman","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil and Construction Engineering, Oregon State University Corvallis, OR, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil and Construction Engineering, Oregon State University Corvallis, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100682003"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":2.9856,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90527568,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"141","last_page":"154"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10255","display_name":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.7615512609481812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.7147132158279419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.7011422514915466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.6305647492408752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shore","display_name":"Shore","score":0.5850555300712585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.47651350498199463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3688560724258423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.3525789678096771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.28902649879455566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.19458085298538208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.10886773467063904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.07538050413131714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.0599285364151001}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.7615512609481812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.7147132158279419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.7011422514915466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.6305647492408752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152382732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q468756","display_name":"Shore","level":2,"score":0.5850555300712585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.47651350498199463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3688560724258423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3525789678096771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.28902649879455566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.19458085298538208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10886773467063904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.07538050413131714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0599285364151001}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2020.3043739","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2020.3043739","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9314330/09290353.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:61aca0d220d64180aee8e42b08e6b4cb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/61aca0d220d64180aee8e42b08e6b4cb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Pp 141-154 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2020.3043739","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2020.3043739","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9314330/09290353.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.8700000047683716,"display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1959622611","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSERC RGPIN-2017-04508","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4719048210","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RGPIN-2017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G549570726","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RGPIN-2017-04508","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G84653869","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RGPAS-2017-507962","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311401","display_name":"Oregon State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysfqy60"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314000","display_name":"Compute Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/03ty8yr27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3112907130.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3112907130.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W114517082","https://openalex.org/W1511187889","https://openalex.org/W1533861849","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W2001351200","https://openalex.org/W2027282652","https://openalex.org/W2032482428","https://openalex.org/W2059715039","https://openalex.org/W2090474450","https://openalex.org/W2127502016","https://openalex.org/W2143666236","https://openalex.org/W2145000756","https://openalex.org/W2150776345","https://openalex.org/W2242096387","https://openalex.org/W2341130385","https://openalex.org/W2343799200","https://openalex.org/W2469938794","https://openalex.org/W2488304930","https://openalex.org/W2496360616","https://openalex.org/W2534806721","https://openalex.org/W2563915952","https://openalex.org/W2588262451","https://openalex.org/W2617899471","https://openalex.org/W2737129951","https://openalex.org/W2737201411","https://openalex.org/W2764034829","https://openalex.org/W2768106960","https://openalex.org/W2782522152","https://openalex.org/W2786492053","https://openalex.org/W2791915403","https://openalex.org/W2794648063","https://openalex.org/W2794948653","https://openalex.org/W2811455149","https://openalex.org/W2925307881","https://openalex.org/W2942573764","https://openalex.org/W2952502182","https://openalex.org/W2954810592","https://openalex.org/W2963859992","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W2967731069","https://openalex.org/W2998542823","https://openalex.org/W2999271364","https://openalex.org/W2999742312","https://openalex.org/W3001979178","https://openalex.org/W3008978047","https://openalex.org/W3015086263","https://openalex.org/W3100521496","https://openalex.org/W6604653223","https://openalex.org/W6631943919","https://openalex.org/W6638667902","https://openalex.org/W6650498291","https://openalex.org/W6720435667"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2049872867","https://openalex.org/W2908843107","https://openalex.org/W2186237018","https://openalex.org/W2066789725","https://openalex.org/W2328585758","https://openalex.org/W4313855562","https://openalex.org/W2091422131","https://openalex.org/W2742737769"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,114],"presence":[1],"of":[2,19,60,99,111,118,162],"rain":[3,84,155],"may":[4],"blur":[5],"surface":[6,26],"wave":[7,29],"signatures":[8],"and":[9,28,47,82,104,138,153,164,168],"cause":[10],"additional":[11],"radar":[12,54,88,141,170],"backscatter,":[13],"which":[14,66],"negatively":[15],"affects":[16],"the":[17,96,123,145],"performance":[18],"ocean":[20,25],"remote":[21],"sensing":[22],"applications":[23],"(e.g.,":[24],"wind":[27],"parameter":[30],"measurement)":[31],"using":[32,132],"X-band":[33,52],"marine":[34,53,87,140],"radars.":[35],"In":[36],"this":[37],"article,":[38],"a":[39,58,92,158],"novel":[40],"end-to-end":[41],"model":[42,147],"is":[43,67],"developed":[44],"to":[45,69,107],"detect":[46],"locate":[48],"rain-contaminated":[49,71],"pixels":[50],"in":[51],"images":[55,89,133],"based":[56],"on":[57,95],"type":[59],"deep":[61],"neural":[62],"network":[63],"called":[64],"SegNet,":[65],"able":[68],"segment":[70,149],"regions":[72],"by":[73,126],"classifying":[74],"each":[75,119],"pixel":[76,120,159],"into":[77],"three":[78],"classes:":[79],"rain-free,":[80,151],"rain-contaminated,":[81,152],"wind-dominated":[83,154],"cases.":[85],"Shipborne":[86],"collected":[90],"during":[91],"sea":[93],"trial":[94],"East":[97],"Coast":[98],"Canada":[100],"are":[101],"first":[102],"preprocessed":[103],"then":[105],"utilized":[106],"train":[108],"an":[109],"ensemble":[110],"SegNet-based":[112],"networks.":[113,129],"final":[115],"classification":[116,160],"result":[117],"will":[121],"be":[122],"class":[124],"chosen":[125],"most":[127],"individual":[128],"Testing":[130],"results":[131],"obtained":[134],"from":[135],"both":[136],"shipborne":[137],"shore-based":[139],"systems":[142],"manifest":[143],"that":[144],"proposed":[146],"effectively":[148],"between":[150],"regions,":[156],"with":[157],"accuracy":[161],"94.6%":[163],"90.4%":[165],"for":[166],"Decca":[167],"Koden":[169],"images,":[171],"respectively.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
