{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3101902399","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2020.3038057","title":"Pan-Sharpening Based on Convolutional Neural Network by Using the Loss Function With No-Reference","display_name":"Pan-Sharpening Based on Convolutional Neural Network by Using the Loss Function With No-Reference","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3101902399","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2020.3038057","mag":"3101902399"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2020.3038057","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2020.3038057","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9314330/09258922.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9314330/09258922.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016555302","display_name":"Zhangxi Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5909-1133"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55022517","display_name":"Heilongjiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zyhq975","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55022517"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhangxi Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Key Laboratory of Information Fusion Estimation and Detection, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Information Fusion Estimation and Detection, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55022517"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108096081","display_name":"Qing Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5954-2179"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qing Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5954-2179","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100616095","display_name":"Mingliang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1124-3561"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55022517","display_name":"Heilongjiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zyhq975","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55022517"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingliang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Information Fusion Estimation and Detection, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Information Fusion Estimation and Detection, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55022517"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114063445","display_name":"An Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4393-4861"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"An Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":2.7787,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91129228,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"897","last_page":"906"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sharpening","display_name":"Sharpening","score":0.9370033144950867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7874736785888672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/panchromatic-film","display_name":"Panchromatic film","score":0.6965686082839966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6462140679359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5663021802902222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5211881995201111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5123568773269653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multispectral-image","display_name":"Multispectral image","score":0.5099138021469116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/codebook","display_name":"Codebook","score":0.46928203105926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4672386944293976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3303285837173462}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781137444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q237105","display_name":"Sharpening","level":2,"score":0.9370033144950867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7874736785888672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107445234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q280995","display_name":"Panchromatic film","level":3,"score":0.6965686082839966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6462140679359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5663021802902222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5211881995201111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5123568773269653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173163844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761440","display_name":"Multispectral image","level":2,"score":0.5099138021469116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127759330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q637416","display_name":"Codebook","level":2,"score":0.46928203105926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4672386944293976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3303285837173462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2020.3038057","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2020.3038057","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9314330/09258922.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a8e1a2b25efa4e0d9a0ad2000416b8d3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a8e1a2b25efa4e0d9a0ad2000416b8d3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Pp 897-906 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2020.3038057","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2020.3038057","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/9314330/09258922.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3441788350","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41590853","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3935134241","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XDA19060103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","funder_display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7052934034","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"QYZDY-SSWDQC026","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","funder_display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8491030968","display_name":"\u591a\u6e90\u591a\u65f6\u76f8\u9065\u611f\u56fe\u50cf\u5149\u8c31\u7279\u5f81\u9c81\u68d2\u6027\u878d\u5408\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61771470","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3101902399.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3101902399.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W228376220","https://openalex.org/W817971873","https://openalex.org/W1964341312","https://openalex.org/W1991460509","https://openalex.org/W2006282183","https://openalex.org/W2014886478","https://openalex.org/W2064366277","https://openalex.org/W2088538848","https://openalex.org/W2097259623","https://openalex.org/W2111924917","https://openalex.org/W2123046940","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2138331510","https://openalex.org/W2139529730","https://openalex.org/W2154789478","https://openalex.org/W2158598326","https://openalex.org/W2163677711","https://openalex.org/W2171108951","https://openalex.org/W2171211028","https://openalex.org/W2171845746","https://openalex.org/W2172185514","https://openalex.org/W2365615819","https://openalex.org/W2375232717","https://openalex.org/W2462592242","https://openalex.org/W2503339013","https://openalex.org/W2524304244","https://openalex.org/W2528170672","https://openalex.org/W2619662254","https://openalex.org/W2717881181","https://openalex.org/W2737219040","https://openalex.org/W2754256031","https://openalex.org/W2754697302","https://openalex.org/W2755992512","https://openalex.org/W2777033955","https://openalex.org/W2792142731","https://openalex.org/W2886371526","https://openalex.org/W2922314919","https://openalex.org/W2935896423","https://openalex.org/W2984586674","https://openalex.org/W3036200672","https://openalex.org/W3038139892","https://openalex.org/W3041275133","https://openalex.org/W3046562476","https://openalex.org/W3047443805","https://openalex.org/W3048631361","https://openalex.org/W3097353710","https://openalex.org/W3098542449","https://openalex.org/W3101012758","https://openalex.org/W3102692100","https://openalex.org/W3104313739","https://openalex.org/W6623043969","https://openalex.org/W6685078114","https://openalex.org/W6743862586","https://openalex.org/W6781337563","https://openalex.org/W7016155765"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1930929277","https://openalex.org/W4254327447","https://openalex.org/W2158394102","https://openalex.org/W2361746014","https://openalex.org/W1502637513","https://openalex.org/W2033186943","https://openalex.org/W2124952510","https://openalex.org/W2375311607","https://openalex.org/W2816335205","https://openalex.org/W2726689079"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,133],"order":[1,134],"to":[2,71,135,163],"preserve":[3],"the":[4,10,51,58,64,73,80,89,95,102,111,120,137,142,165,170,173,180,184,194,199,203],"spatial":[5,37,103],"and":[6,13,25,36,62,104,131,139,159,176,198],"spectral":[7,35,105],"information":[8],"of":[9,46,97,141,149,192],"original":[11,40],"panchromatic":[12],"multispectral":[14],"images,":[15,100],"this":[16,47],"article":[17],"designs":[18],"a":[19,26],"loss":[20,53,90],"function":[21,54,91],"suitable":[22],"for":[23,76],"pan-sharpening":[24,66,86],"four-layer":[27,122],"convolutional":[28,116],"neural":[29,117],"network":[30,123],"that":[31,50,153,183],"could":[32],"adequately":[33],"extract":[34],"features":[38],"from":[39,83],"source":[41],"images.":[42],"The":[43],"major":[44],"advantage":[45],"study":[48],"is":[49,79],"designed":[52],"does":[55,68],"not":[56,69],"need":[57,70],"reference":[59],"fused":[60],"image,":[61],"then":[63],"proposed":[65,121,143,185],"method":[67,186],"make":[72,164],"simulation":[74],"data":[75],"training.":[77],"This":[78],"big":[81],"difference":[82],"most":[84],"existing":[85],"methods.":[87],"Moreover,":[88],"takes":[92],"into":[93],"account":[94],"characteristics":[96],"remote":[98,150],"sensing":[99,151],"including":[101],"evaluation":[106],"indicators.":[107],"We":[108],"also":[109],"add":[110],"feature":[112,125,127],"enhancement":[113],"layer":[114],"in":[115,190],"network,":[118],"thus,":[119],"contains":[124],"extraction,":[126],"enhancement,":[128],"linear":[129],"mapping":[130],"reconstruction.":[132],"evaluate":[136],"effectiveness":[138],"universality":[140],"fusion":[144],"model,":[145],"we":[146],"selected":[147],"thousands":[148],"images":[152],"include":[154],"different":[155,157,160],"sensors,":[156],"times":[158],"land-cover":[161],"types":[162],"training":[166],"dataset.":[167],"By":[168],"evaluating":[169],"performance":[171,189],"on":[172],"WorldView-2,":[174],"Pleiades":[175],"Gaofen-1":[177],"experimental":[178],"data,":[179],"results":[181],"show":[182],"achieves":[187],"optimal":[188],"terms":[191],"both":[193],"subjective":[195],"visual":[196],"effect":[197],"object":[200],"assessment.":[201],"Furthermore,":[202],"codes":[204],"will":[205],"be":[206],"available":[207],"at":[208],"https://github.com/Zhangxi-Xiong/pan-sharpening.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
