{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3036216071","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2020.3003456","title":"Improving Spectral-Based Endmember Finding by Exploring Spatial Context for Hyperspectral Unmixing","display_name":"Improving Spectral-Based Endmember Finding by Exploring Spatial Context for Hyperspectral Unmixing","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3036216071","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2020.3003456","mag":"3036216071"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2020.3003456","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2020.3003456","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/8994817/09120337.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/8994817/09120337.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067207818","display_name":"Shaohui Mei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8018-596X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shaohui Mei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100326078","display_name":"Ge Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1308-5149"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ge Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100362041","display_name":"Jun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1613-9448"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100376972","display_name":"Yifan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4533-3880"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yifan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033017179","display_name":"Qian Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8354-7500"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99041443","display_name":"Mississippi State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0432jq872","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141039","https://openalex.org/I99041443"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qian Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99041443"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067207818"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":2.2939,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90563655,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"3336","last_page":"3349"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9771999716758728,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9704999923706055,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.9715361595153809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endmember","display_name":"Endmember","score":0.9650312662124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.8462128043174744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6140313148498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5900790095329285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5898473858833313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-analysis","display_name":"Spatial analysis","score":0.5870211720466614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5820159912109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-contextual-awareness","display_name":"Spatial contextual awareness","score":0.5653931498527527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.5488407015800476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-signature","display_name":"Spectral signature","score":0.4762016534805298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.40674370527267456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3525870144367218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.13851675391197205}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.9715361595153809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58237817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5376204","display_name":"Endmember","level":3,"score":0.9650312662124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.8462128043174744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6140313148498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5900790095329285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5898473858833313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.5870211720466614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5820159912109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64754055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574053","display_name":"Spatial contextual awareness","level":2,"score":0.5653931498527527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.5488407015800476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176641082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2446767","display_name":"Spectral signature","level":2,"score":0.4762016534805298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.40674370527267456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3525870144367218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.13851675391197205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2020.3003456","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2020.3003456","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/8994817/09120337.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6fd1bd8f63104daeb86efdbf94a60862","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6fd1bd8f63104daeb86efdbf94a60862","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Pp 3336-3349 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2020.3003456","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2020.3003456","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/8994817/09120337.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4801475360","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61671383","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4872122564","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"616713","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5208857031","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018JM6005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324173","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324173","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3036216071.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3036216071.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W303151045","https://openalex.org/W1582058549","https://openalex.org/W1755724306","https://openalex.org/W1983077328","https://openalex.org/W2032861822","https://openalex.org/W2032944446","https://openalex.org/W2050041778","https://openalex.org/W2053186076","https://openalex.org/W2059976262","https://openalex.org/W2070424424","https://openalex.org/W2070781258","https://openalex.org/W2073786624","https://openalex.org/W2080026307","https://openalex.org/W2086041959","https://openalex.org/W2095343758","https://openalex.org/W2098295833","https://openalex.org/W2101837437","https://openalex.org/W2102159812","https://openalex.org/W2107222994","https://openalex.org/W2113898416","https://openalex.org/W2114486983","https://openalex.org/W2117741752","https://openalex.org/W2118943995","https://openalex.org/W2121123096","https://openalex.org/W2122944810","https://openalex.org/W2125678373","https://openalex.org/W2125860481","https://openalex.org/W2127062304","https://openalex.org/W2128090514","https://openalex.org/W2130939260","https://openalex.org/W2153885347","https://openalex.org/W2156220628","https://openalex.org/W2157321686","https://openalex.org/W2163547919","https://openalex.org/W2163867257","https://openalex.org/W2163886442","https://openalex.org/W2165755981","https://openalex.org/W2167062688","https://openalex.org/W2170395949","https://openalex.org/W2294300199","https://openalex.org/W2336230670","https://openalex.org/W2336417938","https://openalex.org/W2743111138","https://openalex.org/W2766528611","https://openalex.org/W2791725003","https://openalex.org/W2801811332","https://openalex.org/W2805454019","https://openalex.org/W2889773939","https://openalex.org/W2893348249","https://openalex.org/W2897108437","https://openalex.org/W2899003677","https://openalex.org/W2964167436","https://openalex.org/W2981642654","https://openalex.org/W2983067685","https://openalex.org/W3004899494","https://openalex.org/W3101195009","https://openalex.org/W3106127686","https://openalex.org/W6610745255","https://openalex.org/W6634825034","https://openalex.org/W6697065277"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1990914742","https://openalex.org/W2037328426","https://openalex.org/W2099703033","https://openalex.org/W2791078257","https://openalex.org/W2798328034","https://openalex.org/W2728548987","https://openalex.org/W4399039556","https://openalex.org/W2127934268","https://openalex.org/W2120480074","https://openalex.org/W2039721451"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hyperspectral":[0],"unmixing,":[1],"which":[2,123,152],"intends":[3],"to":[4,60,95,117,132,157,207,221],"decompose":[5],"mixed":[6],"pixels":[7,36,128,144,180,188,209],"into":[8],"a":[9,204,218],"collection":[10],"of":[11,35,68,99,127,136,161,186,249],"endmembers":[12,223],"weighted":[13],"by":[14,106,122],"their":[15,149],"corresponding":[16],"fraction":[17],"abundances,":[18],"has":[19],"been":[20],"widely":[21],"utilized":[22],"for":[23,41,210],"remote":[24],"sensing":[25],"image":[26,43],"exploitation.":[27],"Recent":[28],"studies":[29],"have":[30],"revealed":[31],"that":[32,239],"spatial":[33,75,89,108,112,120,195,263],"context":[34],"is":[37,165],"important":[38],"complemental":[39],"information":[40,62,79,164],"hyperspectral":[42,57,69,137,236],"processing.":[44],"However,":[45],"many":[46],"well-known":[47,101,251],"endmember":[48],"finding":[49],"(EF)":[50],"algorithms":[51,105],"identify":[52],"spectrally":[53],"pure":[54],"spectra":[55],"from":[56],"images":[58],"according":[59],"spectral":[61,125,163],"only,":[63],"resulting":[64],"in":[65,80,84,140,151,176,189],"limited":[66],"accuracy":[67],"unmixing":[70,258],"application":[71],"since":[72],"they":[73],"ignore":[74],"distribution":[76],"or":[77],"structure":[78],"the":[81,97,100,124,134,143,153,159,162,177,240,247],"image.":[82],"Therefore,":[83],"this":[85],"article,":[86],"several":[87,250,261],"novel":[88],"exploiting":[90,113,196],"(SE)":[91],"strategies":[92,114,197,243],"are":[93,115,145,181],"proposed":[94,194,241],"improve":[96,133,246],"performance":[98,135,248],"spectral-based":[102],"EF":[103],"(sEF)":[104],"integrating":[107],"information.":[109],"Three":[110],"different":[111],"designed":[116],"use":[118],"pixel":[119,141],"context,":[121],"variation":[126],"can":[129,198,244],"be":[130,201,215],"alleviated":[131],"unmixing.":[138],"Specifically,":[139],"domain,":[142,179],"linearly":[146],"reconstructed":[147],"using":[148,167,183],"neighbors":[150],"spatially":[154],"derived":[155],"factor":[156],"weight":[158],"importance":[160],"generated":[166],"local":[168,172],"linear":[169],"representation":[170],"and":[171,234,254],"sparse":[173],"representation,":[174],"while":[175],"feature":[178],"revised":[182],"dominated":[184],"features":[185],"neighboring":[187],"singular":[190],"value":[191],"decomposition.":[192],"The":[193],"not":[199],"only":[200],"used":[202,216],"as":[203,217],"preprocessing":[205,264],"stage":[206],"revise":[208,222],"sEF":[211,226,252],"algorithms,":[212,253],"but":[213],"also":[214],"postprocessing":[219],"step":[220],"found":[224],"via":[225],"algorithms.":[227],"Finally,":[228],"experimental":[229],"results":[230,259],"on":[231],"both":[232],"synthetic":[233],"real":[235],"datasets":[237],"demonstrate":[238],"SE":[242],"certainly":[245],"obtain":[255],"more":[256],"accurate":[257],"than":[260],"state-of-the-art":[262],"methods.":[265]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-13T07:58:08.660418","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}