{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3019325142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2020.2988428","title":"On Leaf BRDF Estimates and Their Fit to Microfacet Models","display_name":"On Leaf BRDF Estimates and Their Fit to Microfacet Models","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3019325142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2020.2988428","mag":"3019325142"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2020.2988428","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2020.2988428","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/8994817/09076252.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/8994817/09076252.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021655080","display_name":"Benjamin D. Roth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7003-4247"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155173764","display_name":"Rochester Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00v4yb702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin D. Roth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7003-4247","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020751422","display_name":"M. Grady Saunders","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4854-3656"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155173764","display_name":"Rochester Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00v4yb702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Grady Saunders","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4854-3656","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066498899","display_name":"Charles M. Bachmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3466-0483"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155173764","display_name":"Rochester Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00v4yb702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles M. Bachmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3466-0483","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085740223","display_name":"Jan van Aardt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3036-0088"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155173764","display_name":"Rochester Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00v4yb702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Andreas van Aardt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3036-0088","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":2.1553,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86114991,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"1761","last_page":"1771"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11880","display_name":"Forest ecology and management","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11880","display_name":"Forest ecology and management","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14365","display_name":"Leaf Properties and Growth Measurement","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bidirectional-reflectance-distribution-function","display_name":"Bidirectional reflectance distribution function","score":0.9416282176971436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5788909196853638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflectivity","display_name":"Reflectivity","score":0.38719579577445984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.32657590508461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1349966824054718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.12963783740997314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10146987438201904}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151596937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856980","display_name":"Bidirectional reflectance distribution function","level":3,"score":0.9416282176971436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5788909196853638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108597893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663650","display_name":"Reflectivity","level":2,"score":0.38719579577445984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.32657590508461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1349966824054718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.12963783740997314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10146987438201904}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2020.2988428","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2020.2988428","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/8994817/09076252.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f66c74d138754cf0b4cc311f77c1be39","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f66c74d138754cf0b4cc311f77c1be39","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Pp 1761-1771 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2020.2988428","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2020.2988428","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/8994817/09076252.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.7400000095367432}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326632","display_name":"Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris","ror":"https://ror.org/004gzqz66"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3019325142.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3019325142.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1486787228","https://openalex.org/W1557590941","https://openalex.org/W1972168750","https://openalex.org/W2020860387","https://openalex.org/W2021815883","https://openalex.org/W2041914772","https://openalex.org/W2064552842","https://openalex.org/W2066612219","https://openalex.org/W2104587129","https://openalex.org/W2109627506","https://openalex.org/W2113724293","https://openalex.org/W2151896708","https://openalex.org/W2154028411","https://openalex.org/W2156242737","https://openalex.org/W2160203169","https://openalex.org/W2170846069","https://openalex.org/W2474844239","https://openalex.org/W2507379830","https://openalex.org/W2551066006","https://openalex.org/W2760380427","https://openalex.org/W2768950758","https://openalex.org/W2777918753","https://openalex.org/W2889155425","https://openalex.org/W2900386334","https://openalex.org/W2909459732","https://openalex.org/W2918683367","https://openalex.org/W3208385130","https://openalex.org/W4229530126","https://openalex.org/W6629281901","https://openalex.org/W6676376298","https://openalex.org/W6802844207"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1981607559","https://openalex.org/W2328908430","https://openalex.org/W2115195669","https://openalex.org/W2081538989","https://openalex.org/W2034882520","https://openalex.org/W2890917258","https://openalex.org/W2000112597","https://openalex.org/W2774256758","https://openalex.org/W2026859948","https://openalex.org/W2538601840"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Remote":[0],"sensing":[1,26,219],"provides":[2],"high":[3],"accuracy/precision":[4],"for":[5,11,109,216,229,237],"quantifying":[6],"forest":[7,33,235],"biophysical":[8],"parameters":[9],"needed":[10],"ecological":[12],"management.":[13],"Although":[14],"the":[15,47,65,95,107,163,197,207,211,230],"significant":[16],"impact":[17],"of":[18,27,49,70,126,131,178,199,232],"bidirectional":[19,89],"scattering":[20,54],"distribution":[21,91],"functions":[22,92],"(BSDFs)":[23],"on":[24],"remote":[25,218],"vegetation":[28],"is":[29],"well":[30],"known,":[31],"current":[32],"metrics":[34],"derived":[35],"from":[36,94,128,206],"sensor":[37,246],"data":[38,164,249],"seldom":[39],"take":[40],"leaf":[41,52,193],"BSDF":[42,50],"into":[43],"account,":[44],"and":[45,68,74,104,150,201,248],"despite":[46],"importance":[48],"effects,":[51],"directional":[53,123],"measurements":[55],"are":[56,220],"almost":[57],"nonexistent.":[58],"Previous":[59],"studies":[60],"have":[61],"been":[62],"limited":[63],"in":[64,174],"spectral":[66,100,189],"coverage":[67],"resolution":[69],"observed":[71],"electromagnetic":[72],"radiation":[73],"lacked":[75],"models":[76,209,224],"to":[77,111,168,225],"interpolate":[78],"all":[79,184],"source-sensor":[80],"angles":[81],"beyond":[82],"measurements.":[83],"This":[84],"study":[85],"captured":[86],"deciduous":[87],"broadleaf":[88],"reflectance":[90,124],"(BRDFs)":[93],"visible":[96],"through":[97,165],"shortwave":[98],"infrared":[99],"regions":[101],"(350\u20132500":[102],"nm)":[103],"accurately":[105],"modeled":[106],"BRDF":[108,171],"extension":[110],"any":[112],"illumination":[113],"angle,":[114],"viewing":[115],"zenith,":[116],"or":[117],"azimuthal":[118],"angle.":[119],"We":[120,160,191],"measured":[121],"biconical":[122],"factor":[125],"leaves":[127,227],"three":[129,212],"species":[130],"large":[132],"trees,":[133],"Norway":[134],"maple":[135],"(":[136,144,154],"<italic":[137,145,155],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[138,146,156],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Acer":[139],"platanoides</i>":[140],"),":[141,149],"American":[142],"sweetgum":[143],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Liquidambar":[147],"styraciflua</i>":[148],"northern":[151],"red":[152],"oak":[153],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Quercus":[157],"rubra</i>":[158],").":[159],"then":[161],"fit":[162],"nonlinear":[166],"regression":[167],"physical,":[169],"microfacet":[170,208],"models,":[172],"resulting":[173],"normalized":[175],"root-mean-square":[176],"errors":[177],"less":[179],"than":[180],"8%,":[181],"averaged":[182],"across":[183],"wavelengths":[185],"(excluding":[186],"low":[187],"signal-to-noise":[188],"regions).":[190],"extracted":[192],"physical":[194,204],"parameters,":[195],"including":[196],"index":[198],"refraction":[200],"a":[202],"relative":[203],"roughness":[205],"delineating":[210],"species.":[213],"The":[214],"implications":[215],"forestry":[217],"important,":[221],"as":[222],"rigorous":[223],"represent":[226],"allow":[228],"creation":[231],"more":[233],"accurate":[234],"scenes":[236],"radiative":[238],"transfer":[239],"modeling.":[240],"Such":[241],"accuracy":[242],"enables":[243],"higher":[244],"fidelity":[245],"evaluations":[247],"processing":[250],"algorithms.":[251]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}