{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3007920658","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2020.2970337","title":"Probabilistic Mapping of August 2018 Flood of Kerala, India, Using Space-Borne Synthetic Aperture Radar","display_name":"Probabilistic Mapping of August 2018 Flood of Kerala, India, Using Space-Borne Synthetic Aperture Radar","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3007920658","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2020.2970337","mag":"3007920658"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2020.2970337","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2020.2970337","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/8994817/09000852.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/8994817/09000852.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069220662","display_name":"Sonam Sherpa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3415-576X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sonam Futi Sherpa","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3415-576X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041886956","display_name":"Manoochehr Shirzaei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0086-3722"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manoochehr Shirzaei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0086-3722","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091643323","display_name":"Chandrakanta Ojha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5025-4485"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chandrakanta Ojha","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045259725","display_name":"Susanna Werth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4144-0382"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susanna Werth","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA","School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4144-0382","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003275590","display_name":"Renaud Hostache","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8109-6010"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112527","display_name":"Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01t178j62","country_code":"LU","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112527"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Renaud Hostache","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8109-6010","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112527"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":2.309,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88878749,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"896","last_page":"913"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.7778357267379761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6264969110488892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.6093493700027466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flood-myth","display_name":"Flood myth","score":0.5707507729530334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49602779746055603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.41407814621925354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.3909292221069336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.3254282474517822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.32204627990722656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2776816189289093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1521429419517517}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.7778357267379761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6264969110488892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.6093493700027466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74256435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134052","display_name":"Flood myth","level":2,"score":0.5707507729530334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49602779746055603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.41407814621925354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3909292221069336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.3254282474517822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.32204627990722656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2776816189289093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1521429419517517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2020.2970337","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2020.2970337","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/8994817/09000852.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b16b71be344644f0999787d2e0fc0daf","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b16b71be344644f0999787d2e0fc0daf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Pp 896-913 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2020.2970337","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2020.2970337","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/8994817/09000852.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.5699999928474426}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6198595050","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"80NSSC170567","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7628815194","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"C17/SR/11682050","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321038","funder_display_name":"Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8249634077","display_name":"THIS 3-YEAR PROJECT IS COLLABORATION BETWEEN SCIENTISTS FROM TWO UNIVERSITIES (ASU AND BGSU) AND JPL WITH THE AIM TO SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVE RESOLUTION AND ACCURACY OF CURRENT ESTIMATES OF TOTAL WATER MASS BUDGET VARIATIONS OVER CALIFORNIA. THE SUCCESS OF THE PROJECT RELIES ON CAREFUL ANALYSIS AND COMBINATION OF INSAR  GPS AND GRACE DATA SETS. TO THIS END THE FOLLOWING GOALS ARE ENVISIONED: 1. GENERATING MAP OF LARGE SCALE (~1000 KM)  HIGH RESOLUTION (~500 M) AND TIME-DEPENDENT (2003 - 2018) 3D SURFACE DEFORMATION BY COMBINING ALL AVAILABLE GPS DATA AND LARGE SETS OF SAR IMAGES ACQUIRED BY ENVISAT  ALOS 1&2  SENTINEL-1  TERRASAR-X  COSMO- SKYMED SATELLITES. 2. APPLYING A BAYESIAN TIME-DEPENDENT MODELING SCHEME TO INVERT GRAVITY AND DEFORMATION DATA AND TO CONSTRAIN THE LOCAL POROELASTIC AQUIFER DEFORMATION CAUSED BY PUMPING AND TWS VARIATIONS LINKED TO REGIONAL ELASTIC LOADING  AT 1000 M RESOLUTION. 3. APPLYING A STATISTICAL FRAMEWORK TO TAKE INTO ACCOUNT ALL DATA ERRORS AND MODEL UNCERTAINTIES TO ESTIMATE UNCERTAINTIES ASSOCIATED WITH OBTAINED TWS VARIATIONS  SUITABLE FOR DROUGHT FORECAST MODELS. 4. IMPLEMENTING A KALMAN FILTER FRAMEWORK TO FILL GAPS IN GRACE DATA AVAILABILITY  TO ASSURE THE CONTINUITY OF TWS ESTIMATES UNTIL GRACE-FO IS IN ORBIT. AN IMPROVED UNDERSTANDING OF THE SPATIOTEMPORAL VARIATIONS OF TWS CAN BE USED TO ASSESS THE RECHARGE  WITHDRAWAL AND FLUXES OF WATER THROUGH THE HYDROLOGICAL WATER CYCLE. IT ACCOUNTS FOR VARIATIONS IN WATER AMONG ALL STORAGES  THUS  IT ALLOWS QUANTIFYING THE TOTAL CHANGE IN AVAILABILITY OF WATER FOR A REGION  AND THEREWITH  ESTIMATING SEVERITY OF AN UPCOMING DROUGHT. STATES ACROSS SOUTHWEST USA  IN PARTICULAR CALIFORNIA  ARE CURRENTLY UNDERGOING A SEVERE DROUGHT ON LARGE SPATIAL EXTENTS  WHICH CAUSES SHRINKAGE OF THE SURFACE AND GROUNDWATER RESOURCES. THUS  A COMPREHENSIVE MONITORING AND MODELING SCHEMES TO ENHANCE DROUGHT MANAGEMENT AND MITIGATING THE NEGATIVE IMPACTS AT VARIOUS SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL SCALES IS AN ESSENTIAL. THE PROPOSED RESEARCH EFFORT WILL PERFORM A JOINT ANALYSIS OF THE DEFORMATION AND GRAVITY DATA TO OBTAIN MAPS OF TWS VARIATIONS  ON VARIOUS SCALES RANGING FROM 100S OF M TO 1000S OF KM. TO THIS END WE WILL ANALYZE THE ARCHIVE OF GRAVITY DATA OBTAINED BY GRACE SATELLITES (2002-PRESENT) AND THE HIGH RESOLUTION 3D DEFORMATION DATA OBTAINED THROUGH INSAR PROCESSING OF THE SAR IMAGES ACQUIRED BY VARIOUS SATELLITES (2003-PRESENT) AND GPS MEASUREMENTS OVER THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA. COMBINATION OF THE HIGH RESOLUTION DEFORMATION DATA AND CONTINUOUS GRAVITY OBSERVATIONS  THROUGH A BAYESIAN INVERSE MODELING SCHEME  PROVIDES MULTISCALE ESTIMATES OF WATER STORAGES VARIATIONS AND ITS UNCERTAINTY. THUS IT PROVIDES UNIQUE CONSTRAINTS ON THE TIMING AND EXTENT OF HYDROLOGICAL MASS FLUXES  USEFUL FOR PROBABILISTIC DROUGHT FORECAST AND MANAGEMENT. RESULTS FROM THIS PROJECT WILL ASSESS THE CAPABILITIES OF INSAR IN COMBINATION WITH GRACE AND GPS DATA TO PROVIDE HIGH RESOLUTION SPATIOTEMPORAL OBSERVATIONS OF TWS VARIATIONS. A BYPRODUCT OF THIS PROJECT IS THE LARGE SCALE MAP OF SURFACE DEFORMATION ACROSS CALIFORNIA  WHICH IS USEFUL FOR VARIOUS ENGINEERING AND SCIENTIFIC APPLICATION. THUS BROAD LONG TERM BENEFITS ARE EXPECTED. THROUGH OUTREACH PROGRAMS  WE WILL MENTOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS  IN PARTICULAR  FEMALES AND UNDERREPRESENTED MINORITIES TO ENCOURAGE THEM PURSUE A CAREER IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING. THIS PROJECT PROVIDES SUPPORT FOR TWO PH.D. STUDENTS FOR TWO YEARS AND PARTIAL SUPPORTS FOR 3 EARLY CAREER SCIENTISTS. IT WILL ALSO ALLOW DEVELOPING NEW TECHNOLOGY-BASED AND LEARNER-CENTERED CURRICULA FOR UNDERGRADUATE COURSES. ALL TOOLS DEVELOPED AND RESULTS OBTAINED HEREIN WILL BE DOCUMENTED AND AVAILABLE TO THE ENGINEERING AND EARTHSCIENCE COMMUNITIES AS OPEN SOURCE.","funder_award_id":"NNX17AD98G","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321038","display_name":"Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/039z13y21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322037","display_name":"Nuclear Safety and Security Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/05qk3ge34"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3007920658.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3007920658.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":76,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W71286975","https://openalex.org/W639997912","https://openalex.org/W1538757629","https://openalex.org/W1547849185","https://openalex.org/W1554109927","https://openalex.org/W1600455797","https://openalex.org/W1966866972","https://openalex.org/W1982188349","https://openalex.org/W1988334140","https://openalex.org/W1995622703","https://openalex.org/W2000535832","https://openalex.org/W2006764723","https://openalex.org/W2017697857","https://openalex.org/W2028240797","https://openalex.org/W2032075546","https://openalex.org/W2035159369","https://openalex.org/W2040225117","https://openalex.org/W2049106247","https://openalex.org/W2054402786","https://openalex.org/W2055468682","https://openalex.org/W2058136238","https://openalex.org/W2059393271","https://openalex.org/W2061082263","https://openalex.org/W2064107537","https://openalex.org/W2065590195","https://openalex.org/W2065931038","https://openalex.org/W2075300652","https://openalex.org/W2081346522","https://openalex.org/W2081601823","https://openalex.org/W2081988914","https://openalex.org/W2084744129","https://openalex.org/W2088262612","https://openalex.org/W2088559713","https://openalex.org/W2096586519","https://openalex.org/W2097224090","https://openalex.org/W2104095591","https://openalex.org/W2110519070","https://openalex.org/W2119153546","https://openalex.org/W2119911758","https://openalex.org/W2120012334","https://openalex.org/W2121009299","https://openalex.org/W2126403390","https://openalex.org/W2130064246","https://openalex.org/W2131124296","https://openalex.org/W2133757601","https://openalex.org/W2133954466","https://openalex.org/W2142627142","https://openalex.org/W2146078901","https://openalex.org/W2149960531","https://openalex.org/W2157303780","https://openalex.org/W2158776858","https://openalex.org/W2166251851","https://openalex.org/W2292718396","https://openalex.org/W2336141746","https://openalex.org/W2507587848","https://openalex.org/W2528353207","https://openalex.org/W2531340046","https://openalex.org/W2540820653","https://openalex.org/W2548742789","https://openalex.org/W2598559040","https://openalex.org/W2604199742","https://openalex.org/W2751895300","https://openalex.org/W2885158046","https://openalex.org/W2887891828","https://openalex.org/W2891079241","https://openalex.org/W2893423001","https://openalex.org/W2901919361","https://openalex.org/W2921427880","https://openalex.org/W2922773997","https://openalex.org/W2950017897","https://openalex.org/W2997866040","https://openalex.org/W3161005763","https://openalex.org/W3205423163","https://openalex.org/W6682982404","https://openalex.org/W6764091030","https://openalex.org/W6802624029"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2394377911","https://openalex.org/W2943623134","https://openalex.org/W63519562","https://openalex.org/W3020755331","https://openalex.org/W2494523064","https://openalex.org/W2593813247","https://openalex.org/W4386724243","https://openalex.org/W4388268408","https://openalex.org/W4387816319","https://openalex.org/W2016618709"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Synthetic":[0],"aperture":[1],"radar":[2],"(SAR)":[3],"imaging":[4,232],"provides":[5],"an":[6],"all-weather":[7],"sensing":[8],"technique":[9],"that":[10,37,74],"is":[11,160,168,198],"suitable":[12],"for":[13,59,180,242],"near-real-time":[14],"mapping":[15],"of":[16,42,77,108,120,132,141,150,157,217,237],"disasters":[17],"such":[18],"as":[19],"floods.":[20],"In":[21],"this":[22],"article,":[23],"we":[24],"use":[25],"SAR":[26],"data":[27,224,239],"acquired":[28],"by":[29,229],"Sentinel-1A/B":[30],"satellites":[31],"to":[32,52,64,82,163,190],"investigate":[33],"a":[34,49,147],"flood":[35,55,70,185,208,220,226,248],"event":[36,175],"affected":[38],"the":[39,75,78,90,105,109,113,117,121,130,138,142,173,177,213,235],"Indian":[40],"state":[41],"Kerala":[43,85],"in":[44,129,137,212],"August":[45,87,94,97,153],"2018.":[46],"We":[47,72,99],"apply":[48],"Bayesian":[50],"approach":[51,241],"generate":[53],"probabilistic":[54],"maps,":[56],"which":[57,145],"contain":[58],"each":[60],"pixel":[61],"its":[62],"probability":[63],"be":[65],"flooded":[66,79,110,126],"rather":[67,181],"than":[68],"binary":[69],"information.":[71],"find":[73],"extent":[76],"area":[80],"begins":[81],"increase":[83],"throughout":[84],"after":[86],"8,":[88],"with":[89,222],"highest":[91],"values":[92],"on":[93,152],"9":[95],"and":[96,112,134,176,205,225,240,246],"21.":[98],"observe":[100],"no":[101],"apparent":[102,158],"correlation":[103,159],"between":[104,172],"spatial":[106],"distributions":[107],"areas":[111,127],"rainfall":[114,174,197],"amounts":[115],"at":[116,201],"district":[118],"level":[119],"study":[122],"area.":[123],"Instead,":[124],"larger":[125],"are":[128],"districts":[131],"Alappuzha":[133],"Kottayam,":[135],"located":[136],"downstream":[139,211],"floodplain":[140],"Idduki":[143],"dam,":[144],"released":[146],"significant":[148],"volume":[149],"water":[151],"16.":[154],"The":[155],"lack":[156],"likely":[161],"due":[162],"two":[164],"reasons:":[165],"first,":[166],"there":[167],"often":[169],"some":[170,188],"delay":[171],"flooding,":[178],"especially":[179],"large":[182],"catchments":[183,203],"where":[184],"waves":[186],"need":[187],"time":[189],"reach":[191],"floodplains":[192],"from":[193],"higher":[194],"elevations.":[195],"Second,":[196],"more":[199],"abundant":[200],"overhead":[202],"(hills":[204],"mountains),":[206],"whereas":[207],"occurs":[209],"further":[210],"floodplains.":[214],"Further":[215],"comparison":[216],"our":[218,238],"SAR-based":[219],"maps":[221,227],"optical":[223],"produced":[228],"moderate":[230],"resolution":[231],"spectroradiometer":[233],"highlights":[234],"advantages":[236],"rapid":[243],"response":[244],"purposes":[245],"future":[247],"forecasting.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}