{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2998960818","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2019.2961985","title":"Improved Spatial Information Based Semisupervised Classification of Remote Sensing Images","display_name":"Improved Spatial Information Based Semisupervised Classification of Remote Sensing Images","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2998960818","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2019.2961985","mag":"2998960818"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2019.2961985","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2019.2961985","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/8994817/08954920.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/8994817/08954920.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027921432","display_name":"Neeta S. Kothari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3029-5693"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6498739","display_name":"Indian Statistical Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00q2w1j53","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6498739"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neeta S. Kothari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Systems Science and Informatics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Bangalore, India","[Systems Science and Informatics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Bangalore, India]"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3029-5693","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Systems Science and Informatics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Bangalore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6498739"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Systems Science and Informatics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Bangalore, India]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6498739"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073353175","display_name":"Saroj K. Meher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1163-4768"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6498739","display_name":"Indian Statistical Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00q2w1j53","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6498739"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saroj K. Meher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Systems Science and Informatics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Bangalore, India","[Systems Science and Informatics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Bangalore, India]"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1163-4768","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Systems Science and Informatics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Bangalore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6498739"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Systems Science and Informatics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Bangalore, India]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6498739"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034931207","display_name":"Ganapati Panda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3555-5685"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3129960170","display_name":"Dr. C. V. Raman University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mc6bw20","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3129960170"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132208328","display_name":"Rama Devi Women's University","ror":"https://ror.org/01as6we94","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132208328"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ganapati Panda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, C. V. Raman College of Engineering, Bhubaneswar, India","Department of Computer Science, C.V. Raman College of Engineering, Bhubaneswar, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, C. V. Raman College of Engineering, Bhubaneswar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132208328"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, C.V. Raman College of Engineering, Bhubaneswar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3129960170"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":1.7017,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87797215,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"329","last_page":"340"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9855999946594238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7715350389480591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6948159337043762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.6404373645782471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5349297523498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.5278472900390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5144036412239075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.4916835427284241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.45695048570632935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.43916499614715576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector","display_name":"Feature vector","score":0.4140799939632416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3941219449043274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.2298130989074707}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7715350389480591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6948159337043762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6404373645782471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5349297523498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.5278472900390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5144036412239075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.4916835427284241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.45695048570632935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.43916499614715576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.4140799939632416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3941219449043274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2298130989074707}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2019.2961985","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2019.2961985","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/8994817/08954920.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6cf713c160a943aca92151f5f5c8a1bc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6cf713c160a943aca92151f5f5c8a1bc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Pp 329-340 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2019.2961985","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2019.2961985","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/8994817/08954920.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.550000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2998960818.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2998960818.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1516724916","https://openalex.org/W1601795611","https://openalex.org/W1664950380","https://openalex.org/W1974763041","https://openalex.org/W1989130143","https://openalex.org/W2008509935","https://openalex.org/W2016396302","https://openalex.org/W2016860790","https://openalex.org/W2030053524","https://openalex.org/W2030476695","https://openalex.org/W2041478093","https://openalex.org/W2042184006","https://openalex.org/W2048679005","https://openalex.org/W2051224630","https://openalex.org/W2101365302","https://openalex.org/W2104290444","https://openalex.org/W2105386417","https://openalex.org/W2115305054","https://openalex.org/W2118932851","https://openalex.org/W2119363183","https://openalex.org/W2119929398","https://openalex.org/W2122177361","https://openalex.org/W2133556223","https://openalex.org/W2138621090","https://openalex.org/W2142012908","https://openalex.org/W2142137407","https://openalex.org/W2153409933","https://openalex.org/W2155342973","https://openalex.org/W2155985040","https://openalex.org/W2169042894","https://openalex.org/W2295320150","https://openalex.org/W2322599490","https://openalex.org/W2412588858","https://openalex.org/W2493251189","https://openalex.org/W2759880437","https://openalex.org/W2764034829","https://openalex.org/W2782051899","https://openalex.org/W2782522152","https://openalex.org/W2783165089","https://openalex.org/W2912565176","https://openalex.org/W2944896556","https://openalex.org/W2964502662","https://openalex.org/W2997701990","https://openalex.org/W3106141888","https://openalex.org/W4211007335","https://openalex.org/W4250800088","https://openalex.org/W6637241018","https://openalex.org/W6675747103"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2982642565","https://openalex.org/W2113421559","https://openalex.org/W3196098778","https://openalex.org/W3164111940","https://openalex.org/W100187532","https://openalex.org/W3211250490","https://openalex.org/W2005234362","https://openalex.org/W2162970382","https://openalex.org/W1997235926","https://openalex.org/W2565656575"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Motivation":[0],"in":[1,32,59,122,166],"the":[2,24,33,41,70,129,154],"use":[3,17],"of":[4,10,27,74,89,103,119,134,149,153,168],"semisupervised":[5,46,124],"learning":[6,114],"method":[7,115,127],"is":[8,80,91],"because":[9,73],"its":[11,75],"ability":[12],"to":[13,55],"strategically":[14],"explore":[15],"and":[16,83,146],"abundantly":[18],"available":[19],"unlabeled":[20,150],"samples":[21],"along":[22],"with":[23,49,131,157,162],"limited":[25],"number":[26],"labeled":[28],"samples,":[29],"as":[30,69],"seen":[31],"remote":[34],"sensing":[35],"(RS)":[36],"imagery.":[37],"In":[38],"this":[39],"direction,":[40],"present":[42],"article":[43],"proposes":[44],"a":[45,123],"classification":[47],"model":[48,63,156],"spatial":[50,112],"information":[51,130,137],"based":[52,141],"self-learning":[53],"methodology":[54],"classify":[56],"land":[57],"covers":[58],"RS":[60,164],"images.":[61],"The":[62,126],"uses":[64],"granular":[65],"neural":[66],"network":[67,77],"(GNN)":[68],"base":[71],"classifier":[72],"customizable":[76],"architecture":[78],"that":[79,97],"functionally":[81],"interpretable":[82],"costs":[84],"less":[85],"computational":[86],"complexity.":[87],"Architecture":[88],"GNN":[90],"governed":[92],"by":[93],"fuzzy":[94,101],"if-then":[95],"rules":[96],"are":[98,160],"generated":[99],"from":[100],"granulation":[102],"input":[104],"feature":[105],"space.":[106],"We":[107],"have":[108],"used":[109],"an":[110],"improved":[111],"neighborhood":[113,144],"for":[116],"better":[117],"understanding":[118],"data":[120],"distribution":[121],"framework.":[125],"collects":[128],"collaborative":[132],"opinions":[133],"two":[135],"independent":[136],"extraction":[138],"approaches,":[139],"i.e.,":[140],"on":[142],"mutual":[143],"criteria":[145],"class":[147],"map":[148],"samples.":[151],"Superiority":[152],"proposed":[155],"existing":[158],"methods":[159],"established":[161],"different":[163],"images":[165],"terms":[167],"various":[169],"performance":[170],"measurement":[171],"indexes.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}