{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3006275972","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2019.2961084","title":"Orbital Maintenance of a Constellation of CubeSats for Internal Gravity Wave Tomography","display_name":"Orbital Maintenance of a Constellation of CubeSats for Internal Gravity Wave Tomography","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3006275972","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2019.2961084","mag":"3006275972"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2019.2961084","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2019.2961084","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/8994817/08995735.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/8994817/08995735.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065702299","display_name":"S. S. Leroy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4862-4755"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154624","display_name":"Atmospheric and Environmental Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04cg70g73","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154624"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stephen Leroy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc., Lexington, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4862-4755","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc., Lexington, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154624"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033163521","display_name":"Riley M. Fitzgerald","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6599-2579"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Riley Fitzgerald","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6599-2579","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113923056","display_name":"Kerri Cahoy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kerri Cahoy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026244275","display_name":"James Abel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0323-9474"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Abel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074604653","display_name":"James R. Clark","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0615-2323"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46020346","display_name":"American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/00a1rzv11","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46020346"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Clark","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aero/Astro, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aero/Astro, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46020346","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065702299"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154624"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":0.2661,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60544001,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"307","last_page":"317"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10325","display_name":"Astro and Planetary Science","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10251","display_name":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propulsion","display_name":"Propulsion","score":0.8143881559371948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constellation","display_name":"Constellation","score":0.7557480335235596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.6589429974555969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spacecraft","display_name":"Spacecraft","score":0.5050118565559387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-occultation","display_name":"Radio occultation","score":0.4644612669944763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thrust","display_name":"Thrust","score":0.46304967999458313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orbit","display_name":"Orbit (dynamics)","score":0.45298606157302856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.43146252632141113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ion-thruster","display_name":"Ion thruster","score":0.4246596693992615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astronomy","display_name":"Astronomy","score":0.24270081520080566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1489844024181366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ionosphere","display_name":"Ionosphere","score":0.12686309218406677}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1034443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2583685","display_name":"Propulsion","level":2,"score":0.8143881559371948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70352696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8928","display_name":"Constellation","level":2,"score":0.7557480335235596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.6589429974555969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29829512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40218","display_name":"Spacecraft","level":2,"score":0.5050118565559387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777034083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1560557","display_name":"Radio occultation","level":3,"score":0.4644612669944763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79420006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q533668","display_name":"Thrust","level":2,"score":0.46304967999458313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196644772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3884964","display_name":"Orbit (dynamics)","level":2,"score":0.45298606157302856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.43146252632141113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163368183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205702","display_name":"Ion thruster","level":3,"score":0.4246596693992615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.24270081520080566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1489844024181366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116403925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162219","display_name":"Ionosphere","level":2,"score":0.12686309218406677}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2019.2961084","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2019.2961084","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/8994817/08995735.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ae6e09edac11417c8f4fea6f615205cd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ae6e09edac11417c8f4fea6f615205cd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Pp 307-317 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/135979","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/135979","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE","raw_type":"http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2019.2961084","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2019.2961084","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/8994817/08995735.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G729554259","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ATM-1850276","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3006275972.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3006275972.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980999314","https://openalex.org/W1985550815","https://openalex.org/W2014885181","https://openalex.org/W2018177700","https://openalex.org/W2021907492","https://openalex.org/W2025415734","https://openalex.org/W2057885614","https://openalex.org/W2059752714","https://openalex.org/W2090284691","https://openalex.org/W2120653142","https://openalex.org/W2139011662","https://openalex.org/W2144537956","https://openalex.org/W2158993832","https://openalex.org/W2169114121","https://openalex.org/W2277881627","https://openalex.org/W2508100462","https://openalex.org/W2583514048","https://openalex.org/W2594701332","https://openalex.org/W2805842559","https://openalex.org/W4239491663"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2765172718","https://openalex.org/W2750966250","https://openalex.org/W2058637570","https://openalex.org/W2040174473","https://openalex.org/W2136381818","https://openalex.org/W4387835011","https://openalex.org/W2894832890","https://openalex.org/W4387413427","https://openalex.org/W2899072756","https://openalex.org/W3039106244"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,30],"advent":[1],"of":[2,13,66,68,85,137,154,179,191,219,240,259],"radio":[3],"occultation":[4],"(RO)":[5],"instruments":[6],"aboard":[7],"CubeSats":[8],"leads":[9],"to":[10,16,43,80,92,107,156,162,252,292],"the":[11,33,45,56,82,86,93,138,167,180,196,225,238,243,276,281,288],"possibility":[12],"a":[14,89,133,145,230],"mission":[15,175],"sound":[17],"atmospheric":[18],"internal":[19,260],"gravity":[20,261],"waves":[21],"if":[22],"such":[23],"satellites":[24,31,57,131,269],"are":[25,105],"deployed":[26],"in":[27,32,41,50,78,128,132,194,199],"close-flying":[28,266],"constellation.":[29,87],"constellation":[34,134,197,267],"must":[35,72,248],"have":[36],"slightly":[37,271],"perturbed":[38,272],"orbital":[39],"inclinations":[40,273],"order":[42,79],"spread":[44],"RO":[46],"soundings":[47],"within":[48],"clusters":[49],"two":[51,112,118],"horizontal":[52],"dimensions,":[53],"and":[54,99,117],"consequently":[55],"will":[58,62,274],"disperse":[59],"because":[60],"they":[61,141,246],"experience":[63,275],"different":[64],"rates":[65],"regression":[67],"nodes.":[69],"This":[70],"dispersion":[71],"be":[73,249],"countered":[74],"by":[75,135,177],"propulsive":[76,95,110,290],"maneuvering":[77,96,291],"maintain":[81,209,293],"close":[83],"formation":[84,198,210],"Here,":[88],"theoretical":[90],"approach":[91],"necessary":[94],"is":[97,224,235],"presented":[98],"simulations":[100],"using":[101],"comprehensive":[102],"orbit":[103],"propagators":[104],"performed":[106],"analyze":[108],"four":[109],"systems:":[111],"cold":[113,147,186],"gas":[114,123,148,187],"propulsion":[115,120,124,149,171,188,207,234],"systems":[116],"electrospray":[119,159,170,206,233],"systems.":[121],"Cold":[122],"permits":[125],"greater":[126,139,181,212],"separations":[127,153,161,255],"inclination":[129,152],"between":[130],"virtue":[136,178],"thrust":[140,183],"can":[142,150,208],"exert":[143],"on":[144],"spacecraft:":[146],"permit":[151],"1":[155],"10\u00b0":[157],"while":[158,205],"limits":[160],"less":[163,200],"than":[164,201,213],"0.2\u00b0.":[165],"On":[166],"other":[168],"hand,":[169],"provides":[172],"much":[173],"longer":[174],"lifetime":[176,223],"total":[182],"it":[184],"offers:":[185],"expends":[189],"all":[190,218],"its":[192,220],"fuel":[193],"maintaining":[195],"approximately":[202],"100":[203],"days":[204,215],"for":[211,229,237,257],"1000":[214],"before":[216],"expending":[217],"fuel.":[221],"Mission":[222],"most":[226],"critical":[227],"consideration":[228],"mission,":[231],"thus":[232],"recommended":[236],"constellation-flying":[239],"CubeSats,":[241],"but":[242],"accelerations":[244],"that":[245,264],"offer":[247],"greatly":[250],"increased":[251],"enable":[253],"spacecraft":[254],"useful":[256],"tomography":[258],"waves.":[262],"Note":[263],"any":[265],"involving":[268],"with":[270],"same":[277,289],"dispersing":[278],"effect":[279],"as":[280],"constellations":[282],"described":[283],"herein":[284],"and,":[285],"thus,":[286],"require":[287],"formation.":[294]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
