{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2995369136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2019.2955551","title":"Downscaling Land Surface Temperature Using Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression Over Heterogeneous Landscapes in Wuhan, China","display_name":"Downscaling Land Surface Temperature Using Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression Over Heterogeneous Landscapes in Wuhan, China","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2995369136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2019.2955551","mag":"2995369136"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2019.2955551","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2019.2955551","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008412470","display_name":"Chen Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3836-0146"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chen Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology, Wuhan, China","School of Urban Design, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Urban Design, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101890176","display_name":"Qingming Zhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5619-6610"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingming Zhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology, Wuhan, China","School of Urban Design, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Urban Design, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036312910","display_name":"Yunzhe Lv","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4195-3583"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunzhe Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017782685","display_name":"Huimin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8293-2260"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huimin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology, Wuhan, China","School of Urban Design, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Urban Design, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008412470"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0842,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90716451,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"12","first_page":"5213","last_page":"5222"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/downscaling","display_name":"Downscaling","score":0.8719654083251953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalized-difference-vegetation-index","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","score":0.6576620936393738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moderate-resolution-imaging-spectroradiometer","display_name":"Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer","score":0.6514258980751038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6091809272766113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5773536562919617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kriging","display_name":"Kriging","score":0.5648107528686523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution","display_name":"Image resolution","score":0.5389834642410278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tundra","display_name":"Tundra","score":0.4939935803413391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.4540199041366577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4394945502281189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.4175126850605011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.3423795700073242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.30055469274520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change","display_name":"Climate change","score":0.19681790471076965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1949458122253418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.17387908697128296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.12749436497688293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.12503603100776672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09623488783836365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precipitation","display_name":"Precipitation","score":0.09503614902496338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.09150180220603943}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41156917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682831","display_name":"Downscaling","level":3,"score":0.8719654083251953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1549246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718775","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","level":3,"score":0.6576620936393738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777007095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676840","display_name":"Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer","level":3,"score":0.6514258980751038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6091809272766113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5773536562919617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81692654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q225926","display_name":"Kriging","level":2,"score":0.5648107528686523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.5389834642410278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125069764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43262","display_name":"Tundra","level":3,"score":0.4939935803413391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.4540199041366577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4394945502281189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.4175126850605011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3423795700073242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.30055469274520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.19681790471076965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1949458122253418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.17387908697128296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.12749436497688293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12503603100776672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09623488783836365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.09503614902496338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.09150180220603943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518008717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25322","display_name":"Arctic","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2019.2955551","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2019.2955551","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.7200000286102295}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4206280202","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41331175","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5408281066","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51378399","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8608385245","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51878515","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977924171","https://openalex.org/W1983154923","https://openalex.org/W1990330790","https://openalex.org/W1996043099","https://openalex.org/W1998943937","https://openalex.org/W2001564322","https://openalex.org/W2011195592","https://openalex.org/W2014630223","https://openalex.org/W2047120335","https://openalex.org/W2073237857","https://openalex.org/W2076774752","https://openalex.org/W2082691405","https://openalex.org/W2095052216","https://openalex.org/W2103775154","https://openalex.org/W2113431669","https://openalex.org/W2116327754","https://openalex.org/W2119204870","https://openalex.org/W2122372501","https://openalex.org/W2130615363","https://openalex.org/W2142285657","https://openalex.org/W2155261478","https://openalex.org/W2167711599","https://openalex.org/W2199807383","https://openalex.org/W2201023732","https://openalex.org/W2217821315","https://openalex.org/W2301692565","https://openalex.org/W2343523346","https://openalex.org/W2500249665","https://openalex.org/W2559075478","https://openalex.org/W2559688945","https://openalex.org/W2576720772","https://openalex.org/W2747207142","https://openalex.org/W2774322389","https://openalex.org/W2783971324","https://openalex.org/W2789682319","https://openalex.org/W2791046734","https://openalex.org/W2799386220","https://openalex.org/W2799607763","https://openalex.org/W2885779437","https://openalex.org/W2889581973","https://openalex.org/W2890465487","https://openalex.org/W2897458690","https://openalex.org/W2898164712","https://openalex.org/W2898756012","https://openalex.org/W2899102560","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2916007503","https://openalex.org/W2963599152","https://openalex.org/W6678177455"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2394436593","https://openalex.org/W3013458534","https://openalex.org/W2134517543","https://openalex.org/W2995331518","https://openalex.org/W1573945903","https://openalex.org/W2756414913","https://openalex.org/W3183766399","https://openalex.org/W2185517458","https://openalex.org/W4285061174","https://openalex.org/W2736619525"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,181],"deficiency":[1],"of":[2,14,99,115],"fine-resolution":[3,65],"satellite-derived":[4],"land":[5],"surface":[6],"temperature":[7],"(LST)":[8],"has":[9,38],"impeded":[10],"the":[11,15,24,30,43,94,161,169],"meticulous":[12],"exploration":[13],"urban":[16],"thermal":[17],"environment":[18],"at":[19],"micro":[20],"spatial":[21,95,141,213],"scales.":[22],"Although":[23],"LST":[25,34,66,148,177,199],"downscaling":[26,104],"methods":[27,139],"are":[28,84],"well-documented,":[29],"scale":[31,91],"dependence":[32],"between":[33],"and":[35,59,82,96,120,127,137,147,159,183,211],"environmental":[36],"factors":[37],"been":[39],"rarely":[40],"considered":[41],"in":[42,122,160],"regression":[44,57],"establishment.":[45],"This":[46],"article":[47],"proposes":[48],"a":[49],"new":[50],"method":[51],"(MGWRK)":[52],"coupling":[53],"multiscale":[54],"geographically":[55],"weighted":[56],"(MGWR)":[58],"area-to-point":[60],"kriging":[61],"(ATPK)":[62],"to":[63,135,167],"generate":[64],"maps":[67],"over":[68],"heterogeneous":[69],"landscapes.":[70],"Technically,":[71],"normalized":[72,77],"difference":[73,78],"vegetation":[74],"index":[75,80],"(NDVI),":[76],"built-up":[79],"(NDBI),":[81],"albedo":[83],"selected":[85],"using":[86],"random":[87],"forests":[88],"(RF)":[89],"as":[90],"factors.":[92],"First,":[93],"temporal":[97],"robustness":[98],"MGWRK":[100,132,164,188],"is":[101,133,165],"evaluated":[102],"by":[103],"aggregated":[105],"Landsat-8":[106],"Thermal":[107],"Infrared":[108],"Sensor":[109],"images":[110],"(1000-m)":[111],"into":[112,179],"finer":[113],"resolutions":[114],"500,":[116],"400,":[117],"300,":[118],"200,":[119],"100-m":[121],"different":[123],"seasons":[124],"(spring,":[125],"summer,":[126],"winter).":[128],"Results":[129],"reveal":[130],"that":[131,187],"superior":[134],"GWR":[136],"DisTrad":[138],"for":[140],"details":[142],"improvement":[143],"(SSIM":[144,216],">":[145,154],"0.93)":[146],"fidelity":[149],"(R":[150,201],"<sup":[151,202],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[152,203],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[153,204],"0.91)":[155],"under":[156],"all":[157],"scales":[158],"seasons.":[162],"Second,":[163],"utilized":[166],"downscale":[168],"synchronous":[170],"1000-m":[171],"Moderate":[172],"Resolution":[173],"Imaging":[174],"Spectroradiometer":[175],"(MODIS)":[176],"map":[178],"100-m.":[180],"quantitative":[182],"qualitative":[184],"result":[185],"substantiates":[186],"obtains":[189],"ideal":[190],"performance":[191],"when":[192],"applied":[193],"on":[194],"MODIS":[195],"data":[196],"with":[197],"few":[198],"distortion":[200],"=":[205,208,217],"0.915,":[206],"RMSE":[207],"1.607":[209],"K)":[210],"obvious":[212],"information":[214],"enrichment":[215],"0.903).":[218]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-31T07:56:22.981413","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
